RESUMEN
This study provides EQ-5D population norms for 20 countries (N = 163,838), which can be used to compare profiles for patients with specific conditions with data for the average person in the general population in a similar age and/or gender group. Descriptive EQ-5D data are provided for the total population, by gender and by seven age groups. Provided index values are based on European VAS for all countries, based on TTO for 11 countries and based on VAS for 10 countries. Important differences exist in EQ-5D reported health status across countries after standardizing for population structure. Self-reported health according to all five dimensions and EQ VAS generally decreased with increasing age and was lower for females. Mean self-rated EQ VAS scores varied from 70.4 to 83.3 in the total population by country. The prior living standards (GDP per capita) in the countries studied are correlated most with the EQ VAS scores (0.58), while unemployment appeared to be significantly correlated in people over the age of 45 only. A country's expenditure on health care correlated moderately with higher ratings on the EQ VAS (0.55). EQ-5D norms can be used as reference data to assess the burden of disease of patients with specific conditions. Such information, in turn, can inform policy-making and assist in setting priorities in health care.
Asunto(s)
Estado de Salud , Renta/estadística & datos numéricos , Calidad de Vida , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Argentina , China , Europa (Continente) , Femenino , Gastos en Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Indicadores de Salud , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Modelos Lineales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nueva Zelanda , República de Corea , Autoinforme , Distribución por Sexo , Factores Sociológicos , Tailandia , Desempleo , Reino Unido , Estados Unidos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The proportion of stromal cells expressing DR antigens of the HLA system or reacting with an anti-macrophage antibody was studied by immunohistochemical methods in human proliferative, secretory and post-menopausal endometria. DR+ cells showed a rounded morphology with short expansions and represented 13-25% of the stromal cells in the proliferative and 16-43% in the secretory endometrium. The cells reacting with the anti-macrophage antibody were similar to DR+ cells, but their number was between 1/2 and 1/10 of DR+ cells. In the post-menopausal endometria no DR+ cells or elements reacting with anti-macrophage antibody were observed. These results suggest that a significant proportion of endometrial stromal cells expressing type II histocompatibility antigens do not belong to the monocyte-phagocyte system and that their number is under hormonal regulation.