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Endothelial dysfunction underlies the development of many cardiovascular diseases. Thus endothelium becomes an independent therapeutic target, and the search of new substances with endothelial-protective action to date is one of the promising tasks for pharmacotherapy and medicinal chemistry. Molecular modeling is an effective tool for solving this problem. Computer chemistry methods use is only possible in combination with detailed information on three dimensional structure and functions of molecular targets: receptors and enzymes, involved in signal transduction inside and outside of endothelial cells. Information on structure and function of various macromolecules involved in vascular tone regulation is collected in the review. The structure of endothelial NO-synthase (EC 1.14.13.39) (eNOS)--enzyme, responsible for the nitric oxide synthesis and involved in vascular tone regulation process is reviewed. The importance of eNOS substrate--L-arginine is underlined in the review in terms of this enzyme activity, regulation, the information on structure and functions of L-arginine transport system is provided. Also different ways of eNOS activity regulation are reviewed, among which are enzyme activation and concurrent inhibition by substances interaction with active center of enzyme, inhibition by caveoline binding with oxigenase domain, and also regulation by phosphorylation of certain amino acids of eNOS by proteinkinase and dephoshphorylation of them by phosphatases. The importance of membrane receptors of endothelial cells as targets for endothelial-protective substances is underlined. Among them are receptors of endothelin, platelet activation factor, prostanoids, bradykinin, histamine, serotonin and protease activated receptors. The important role of potassium and calcium ion channels of vascular cells in endothelial-protective activity is underlined. Macromolecules presented in the review finally are considered as targets for searching for medicinal substances with endothelial-protective activity using proposed ways and methods of molecular modeling.

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UNLABELLED: The purpose of the study was to assess the validity of fetometry in the diagnosis of a large fetus during screening. Eight hundred and sixty-five case histories of large fetal labors were analyzed, by determining the assumed fetal mass by ultrasound fetometry before labor. The studies have demonstrated that the validity of fetometry in the diagnosis of a large fetus was not greater than 73%. This was caused by methodical errors, the specific features of different procedures for calculating the assumed fetal mass, and the heterogeneity of anthropometric parameters of large fetuses. CONCLUSIONS: it is necessary to study additional possibilities of enhancing the validity of fetometry in the determination of a large fetus during screening and to continue a search for optimal methods of calculating the assumed fetal mass.

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OBJECTIVE: to study reasons for the discrepancy between clinical and echographic estimates of the thickness of the pregnant uterine wall during cesarean section. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 175 labors running physiologically, during labor induction and delivery stimulation and 22 cases of late abortions (19-27-week gestation) when clinically indicated, were studied. RESULTS: while incising the anterior uterine wall during planned cesarean section, practitioners noted its thickness to be about 2 cm or more. Ultrasonography showed that the thickness was 5.5-8.5 cm. The reason for this discrepancy was the development of traumatic local hypertone at the moment of dissection of the anterior uterine wall. CONCLUSIONS: the different estimation of the myometrial thickness is associated not only with methodological differences (clinical and echographic), but also with the physiological features of the uterus as a muscular organ that is able to rapidly alter its thickness during labor pains and its traumatization during cesarean section or amniocentesis.

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The paper presents some aspects of the use of echography in obstetrics for the prediction and early diagnosis of labour abnormalities just before delivery and its first period. Prediction and early diagnosis of the nature of labour are made on the studies of changes in the myometrial thickness in the first period of delivery and myometrial echo structural features before and during delivery. Proceeding from the findings, labour abnormalities were corrected and the efficiency of drug therapy was evaluated.

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The paper gives the results of an experimental assessment of personal biocalorimeter and calorimetric garment. The paper is addressed to biologists, physiologists and physicians investigating heat exchange and thermal regulation of the human body as well as to thephysicists developing calorimetric theories and methods. It presents theoretical concepts underlying direct calorimetry of a suited man and contains a block-diagram of the biocalorimeter that was used to examine energy parameters of the human body, including metabolic rate, heat production, heat release and heat balance. The data obtained were statistically treated and heat effects were characterized by empiric expressions. It was for the first time in medical practice that the personal calorimeter and calorimetric garment made it possible to accumulate information on the thermal state of the human body. This information helps to diagnose the health condition of man, to standardise environmental parameters in aviation, space and such like suits and to automatize their maintenance in experimental and real life situations.

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