RESUMEN
PURPOSE: To examine the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and the bother they impose in a population-based sample of adults in Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted between September 2006 and January 2007 in the city of Salvador, Brazil. Cluster samples of representative households were randomly selected for interviews. A structured questionnaire was administered to men and women aged 30 years or older by trained interviewers. Participants were asked about the presence of individual LUTS using current International Continence Society (ICS) definitions and rated their symptom bother. Those with overactive bladder (OAB) also responded the OAB-Validated 8 and the Patient Perception of Bladder Condition questionnaires. RESULTS: Of 3,616 eligible subjects, 3,000 (83%) participated (1,500 men and 1,500 women). OAB was present in 5.1% of men and in 10% of the women, while the prevalence of any LUTS was 81.5 and 84.1%, respectively. The majority of subjects with OAB, 80% of men and 78% of women, reported some bother associated with their urgency symptoms. Overall, storage symptoms were more common than voiding or postmicturition symptoms. Women reported storage symptoms (76.4%) more frequently than men (67.7%), while the opposite was true for voiding (men 39.7%, women 33.7%) and postmicturition (men 30.9%, women 12.8%). CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest population-based survey of LUTS in Brazil, using the 2002 ICS definitions. LUTS prevalence was high and increased with age among both genders in Brazil, whereas the rates of OAB were somewhat lower than previously reported. The high prevalence of urinary symptoms and the bother commonly associated with them highlight their importance to overall well-being.
Asunto(s)
Síntomas del Sistema Urinario Inferior/epidemiología , Síntomas del Sistema Urinario Inferior/psicología , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Vejiga Urinaria Hiperactiva/epidemiología , Vejiga Urinaria Hiperactiva/psicologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The Global Study of Sexual Attitudes and Behaviours was a survey of 27 500 men and women in 29 countries. Here we report the sexual activity, the prevalence of sexual difficulties and related help-seeking behaviour among participants in Australia. METHODS: A telephone survey was conducted in Australia in 2001-2002, with interviews based on a standardised questionnaire. A total of 1500 individuals (750 men and 750 women) aged 40 to 80 years completed the survey. The questionnaire covered demographic information, overall health, and sexual behaviours, attitudes and beliefs. RESULTS: Overall, 83% of men and 74% of women had engaged in sexual intercourse during the 12 months preceding the interview, and 38% of all men and 29% of all women engaged in sexual intercourse more than once a week. Early ejaculation (23%), erectile difficulties (21%) and a lack of sexual interest (18%) were the most common male sexual difficulties. The most frequently reported female sexual difficulties were: lack of sexual interest (33%), lubrication difficulties (26%) and an inability to reach orgasm (25%). Older age was a significant predictor of male erectile difficulties and of lubrication difficulties in women. Only a minority of men and women had sought help for their sexual difficulty(ies) from a health professional. CONCLUSIONS: Many middle-aged and older adults in Australia report continued sexual interest and sexual activity. Several sexual difficulties are highly prevalent in this population, but those experiencing these difficulties rarely seek medical help. This may be because they do not perceive such difficulties as serious or sufficiently upsetting.
Asunto(s)
Actitud Frente a la Salud , Estado de Salud , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Conducta Sexual/estadística & datos numéricos , Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas/epidemiología , Disfunciones Sexuales Psicológicas/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Australia/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Relaciones Interpersonales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/psicología , Distribución por Sexo , Conducta Sexual/psicología , Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas/diagnóstico , Disfunciones Sexuales Psicológicas/diagnóstico , Parejas Sexuales , Percepción Social , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To study sexual activity, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction, and related help-seeking behaviour patterns among middle-aged and older people in the UK and Europe. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A telephone survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire covering demographics, health, relationships, and sexual behaviour, attitudes and beliefs. In the UK, 1500 individuals completed the survey. RESULTS: Overall, 69% of men and 56% of women reported having sexual intercourse during the past year. The most common male sexual problems, i.e. early ejaculation (20%) and erectile dysfunction (18%), were more common in the UK than in other European regions. The most common female sexual problems, i.e. a lack of sexual interest (34%) and a lack of pleasure in sex (25%), were also more common in the UK than in other European regions. Only 26% of men and 17% of women had discussed their sexual problem(s) with a doctor. CONCLUSION: Many people in the UK maintain sexual interest and activity into middle age and beyond. Although they experience sexual problems, few seek medical help. This might be because they do not perceive such problems as serious or sufficiently upsetting, and/or are not aware of available treatments.
Asunto(s)
Actitud Frente a la Salud , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud , Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas/epidemiología , Disfunciones Sexuales Psicológicas/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Cohortes , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Rol del Médico , Relaciones Médico-Paciente , Prevalencia , Estudios Prospectivos , Conducta Sexual , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
To study sexual activity, the prevalence of sexual dysfunction and related help-seeking behaviours among mature adults in Spain, a telephone survey was conducted in Spain in 2001-2002. This was completed by 750 men and 750 women aged 40-80 years. Eighty-eight percent of men and 66% of women had engaged in sexual intercourse during the 12 months preceding the interview. Early ejaculation (31%) and lack of sexual interest (17%) were the most common male sexual problems. A lack of sexual interest (36%) and an inability to reach orgasm (28%) were the most common female sexual problems. Approximately 80% of men and women with a sexual problem had not sought help from a health professional. Many men and women in Spain report continued sexual interest and activity into middle age and beyond. Although a number of sexual problems are highly prevalent, few people seek medical help.
Asunto(s)
Coito , Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud , Prevalencia , Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas/epidemiología , Disfunciones Sexuales Fisiológicas/terapia , EspañaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Depression and erectile dysfunction (ED) have a complex and bi-directional relationship. We examined the relationships between erectile dysfunction and depressive symptoms or diagnosed depression, sexual activity and sexual satisfaction. METHODS: A population survey of men aged 40-70 years was carried out in Brazil, Italy, Japan and Malaysia in 1997-1998. A questionnaire was used to collect life style, sexual behaviors and medical data. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. ED was classified as moderate or complete if the men reported they were "sometimes" or "never" able to achieve and maintain an erection satisfactory for sexual intercourse. Only men with a sexual partner and not taking psychoactive drugs were considered. RESULTS: Diagnosed depression was reported by 2.0% of the men, depressive symptoms by 21.0%. The prevalence of moderate or complete ED was 17.8%. Sexual satisfaction related to the frequency of sexual intercourse and inversely related to depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were positively associated with being single (odds ratio [OR] 1.7), widowed, separated or divorced (OR 2.2), moderate or complete ED (1.8), heart disease (1.6) and smoking (1.6), and negatively associated with age, physical activity and frequency of sexual intercourse. LIMITATIONS: Cross-sectional studies cannot establish a temporal cause-effect relationship. However, the confirmation of known associations reassures about the validity of the original findings. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that depressive symptoms are linked to ED by the mediation of decreased sexual activity and the dissatisfaction generated by the inability to have a healthy sexual life.
Asunto(s)
Comparación Transcultural , Trastorno Depresivo/epidemiología , Disfunción Eréctil/epidemiología , Satisfacción Personal , Conducta Sexual , Adulto , Anciano , Brasil , Comorbilidad , Estudios Transversales , Trastorno Depresivo/diagnóstico , Trastorno Depresivo/psicología , Disfunción Eréctil/diagnóstico , Disfunción Eréctil/psicología , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Italia , Japón , Malasia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oportunidad RelativaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the incidence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in Brazilian men 40 to 69 years old at study entry during an average 2-year follow-up and study the effect of age, socioeconomic status, and medical conditions on the risk of developing ED. METHODS: We analyzed data from a randomly sampled cohort of men living in Salvador, Bahia (Brazil), a racially diverse city with a population of 2.3 million. A total of 602 men completed the baseline interview in 1998 and 501 completed follow-up in 2000. The analysis sample consisted of 428 (83.4%) of 513 men without ED at baseline. The men were interviewed in person, using a standardized questionnaire, and ED was assessed by a single global self-rating question. RESULTS: The crude incidence rate for ED was 65.6 cases per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval 49.6 to 85.2). The incidence rate increased with age and was 33.3, 53.7, and 189.5 cases per 1000 person-years for men 40 to 49, 50 to 59, and 60 to 69 years old, respectively. The age-adjusted risk of developing new-onset ED was higher for men with lower education, diabetes, hypertension, and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Population projections for men 40 to 69 years old suggest that approximately 68,600 new cases of ED in Bahia and 1,025,600 in Brazil would be expected annually. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of ED in Brazilian men was 2.5-fold higher than that in the Massachusetts Male Aging Study (26/1000 person-years) and increased with age, lower education, diabetes, hypertension, and benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Asunto(s)
Disfunción Eréctil/epidemiología , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Brasil/epidemiología , Comorbilidad , Comparación Transcultural , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Humanos , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Incidencia , Masculino , Massachusetts/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hiperplasia Prostática/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To measure the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) in community-based populations in Brazil, Italy, Japan, and Malaysia and to study its association with the demographic characteristics, medical conditions, and health-related behavior. METHODS: In each country, a random sample of approximately 600 men aged 40 to 70 years was interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. All the data were self-reported. ED was assessed by the participants' "ability to attain and maintain an erection satisfactory for sexual intercourse," and the men were classified as not having ED if they answered "always" and as having mild, moderate, or complete ED if they answered "usually," "sometimes," or "never," respectively. RESULTS: The age-adjusted prevalence of moderate or complete ED was 34% in Japan, 22% in Malaysia, 17% in Italy, and 15% in Brazil. The overall age-specific prevalence of moderate or complete ED was 9% for men aged 40 to 44 years, 12% for 45 to 49 years, 18% for 50 to 54 years, 29% for 55 to 59 years, 38% for 60 to 64 years, and 54% for those 65 to 70 years. The increased risk of ED was associated with diabetes, heart disease, lower urinary tract symptoms, heavy smoking, and depression and increased by 10% per year of age. It was inversely associated with education, physical activity, and alcohol drinking. CONCLUSIONS: ED is an international problem, the prevalence and severity of which increases with age. Despite national variations in prevalence, uniform associations were found between ED and medical conditions and lifestyle habits.