RESUMEN
Patellofemoral joint kinematics, contact areas, contact pressures, and contact patterns were assessed after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using human cadaver knees. Two contemporary TKA systems with anatomic patellofemoral joints were implanted and tested under anatomically based loading conditions. An electromagnetic tracking system was used to evaluate patellofemoral kinematics, and Fuji pressure-sensitive film was used to determine contact areas, pressures, and patterns. Edge loading of patellar components was observed at higher knee flexion angles with both TKA systems. Peak contact pressures seen at the regions of edge loading exceeded the yield strength of ultra-high-molecular weight polyethylene. Efforts to reduce edge loading and contact pressures may decrease the incidence of patellofemoral joint complications and component failure after TKA.
Asunto(s)
Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla , Prótesis de la Rodilla , Rótula , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Cadáver , Humanos , Polietilenos , Falla de Prótesis , Estrés Mecánico , Soporte de PesoRESUMEN
Five human anatomic specimen knees were used to determine the effect of patellar component position on patellofemoral kinematics, contact pressures, and contact areas after total knee arthroplasty using a polyethylene, domed patellar component. Each patellar component was positioned at the anatomic center of the resected patellar surface and then repositioned 5 mm proximally, distally, medially, and laterally. Patellar tilt was greatest with medial positioning of the patellar component and least with central and lateral positioning. At higher knee flexion angles, patellofemoral joint contact pressures increased at the medial facet with the medialized component and at the lateral facet for the lateralized component. The centralized component had the most evenly balanced patellar facet contact pressures. Distally positioned patellar components resulted in decreased patellar component loading at higher knee flexion angles. Central positioning of the patellar component results in optimal patellofemoral mechanics when maximal coverage of the resected patella is desired.
Asunto(s)
Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla , Prótesis de la Rodilla , Rótula , Materiales Biocompatibles , Cadáver , Fémur , Humanos , Rótula/patología , Polietileno , Presión , Diseño de Prótesis , Rango del Movimiento Articular , Estrés Mecánico , Propiedades de SuperficieRESUMEN
Patellofemoral joint kinematics, contact areas, and contact pressures were measured concomitantly before and after total knee arthroplasty in 10 fresh frozen human cadaver knees using an Instron machine, a custom patellofemoral joint testing jig, axial bone markers, a continuous video digitizing system, and Fuji pressure sensitive film. The implant used in this study was the Kirschner Performance Knee System with an all polyethylene, domed patellar component. For all tests, the patella was aligned in its anatomically neutral position. Patellofemoral joint contact areas decreased as much as 19-fold after total knee arthroplasty. Mean patellofemoral joint contact pressures increased as much as 32-fold, and peak patellofemoral joint contact pressures increased as much as 22-fold after total knee arthroplasty. No statistically significant differences between preoperative and postoperative specimens were observed with respect to the patellofemoral, patellotibial, or patellar tilt angles from 30 degrees to 120 degrees knee flexion. Thus, the elevated patellofemoral joint contact pressures observed after total knee arthroplasty in vitro are not a primary consequence of iatrogenically altered patellofemoral kinematics.