RESUMEN
Mitochondrial haplogroups H1, H2 and UK have previously been reported to be associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in Caucasian patients with diabetes. We aimed to replicate this finding with a larger sample and expand the analysis to include different severities of DR, and diabetic macular edema (DME). Caucasian participants (n = 2935) with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes from the Australian Registry of Advanced Diabetic Retinopathy were enrolled in this study. Twenty-two mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped by MassArray and haplogroups reconstructed using Haplogrep. Chi square tests and logistic regressions were used to test associations between haplogroup and DR phenotypes including any DR, non-proliferative DR (NPDR), proliferative DR (PDR) and DME. After stratifying the samples in type 1 and type 2 diabetes groups, and adjusting for sex, age, diabetes duration, concurrent HbA1c and hypertension, neither haplogroups H1, H2, UK, K or JT were associated with any DR, NPDR, PDR or DME.
Asunto(s)
Retinopatía Diabética/patología , Mitocondrias/genética , Población Blanca/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Australia , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/patología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/patología , Retinopatía Diabética/complicaciones , Retinopatía Diabética/genética , Femenino , Genotipo , Hemoglobina Glucada/análisis , Humanos , Edema Macular/complicaciones , Edema Macular/genética , Edema Macular/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fenotipo , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Reino Unido , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Flashes and floaters are common ophthalmic issues for which patients may initially present to their general practitioner. It may be a sign of benign, age-related changes of the vitreous or more serious retinal detachment. OBJECTIVE: This article provides a guide to the assessment and management of a patient presenting with flashes and floaters. DISCUSSION: Although most patients presenting with flashes and floaters have benign age-related changes, they must be referred to an ophthalmologist to rule out sight-threatening conditions. Key examination features include the nature of the flashes and floaters, whether one or both eyes are affected and changes in visual acuity or visual field.