RESUMEN
The management of vascular complications associated with new vascular closure devices (VCD) is a significant area of research. We present a case of a vascular complication after MANTA VCD deployment during a TAVI procedure that shows the advantages of intravascular imaging analysis for the management of vascular complications. An optical coherence tomography of the right femoral artery showed a dissection flap in the posterior wall after an oblique placement of the anchor and wire positioning between the anchor and the anterior wall. Due to the risk of device displacement following dilatation, a conservative approach was decided with favorable recovery.
RESUMEN
Canopy-forming kelps are essential foundation species, supporting biodiversity and providing ecosystem services valued at more than USD$500 billion annually. The global decline of giant kelp forests due to climate-driven ecological stressors underscores the need for innovative restoration strategies. An emerging restoration technique known as 'green gravel' aims to seed young kelps over large areas without extensive underwater labor and represents a promising restoration tool due to cost-effectiveness and scalability. This video article illustrates a protocol and tools for culturing giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera. It also provides a resource for further studies to address the successes and limitations of this method in field settings. We outline field and laboratory-based methods for collecting reproductive tissue, sporulating, inoculating, rearing, maintaining, and monitoring substrates seeded with early life stages using the 'green gravel' technique. The protocol simplifies and centralizes current restoration practices in this field to support researchers, managers, and stakeholders in meeting kelp conservation objectives.
Asunto(s)
Macrocystis , Macrocystis/fisiología , Kelp/fisiología , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales/métodosRESUMEN
Two important topics about children and adolescents in our primary care activity are presented in this update document: tobacco smoking prevention in adolescence and prophylaxis with vitamin K to prevent the hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.
Asunto(s)
Prevención del Hábito de Fumar , Vitamina K , Recién Nacido , Humanos , Adolescente , NiñoRESUMEN
Performance-based funding and calls for public-funded science to demonstrate societal impact are encouraging public research organisations to evaluate impact, the so-called impact agenda. This paper explores evaluation methods of four fully or partially public-funded agricultural research organisations and how they are building evaluative capacity to respond to the impact agenda. Drawing on cross-organisational comparison of the readiness of each organisation to implement evaluation, the implications for improving evaluative capacity building (ECB) are discussed. This study extends the current literature on ECB, as very little has focussed on research organisations in general, and particularly agricultural research. Driven by the impact agenda, the organisations are beginning to emphasise summative evaluation. Organisational leaders valuing the demonstration of impact and commitment to building evaluation capacity are important precursors to other aspects of organisational readiness to implement evaluation. However, organisational emphasis remains on using evaluation for accountability and to improve efficiency and allocation of funding. The organisations have yet to systematically embed evaluation processes and capabilities for learning at programme and organisation-levels. There is, therefore, an opportunity to develop organisation and programme-level evaluation processes that inform each other and the pathways to impact from science. To realise this opportunity, organisations could strengthen internal and external networks of evaluation practitioners and academics to bridge the gap between the theory and practice of monitoring and evaluation for learning (MEL) and to begin to reshape organisational culture by using evaluation methods that are grounded in co-production and integrated scientific and societal values.
Asunto(s)
Creación de Capacidad , Humanos , Irlanda , Nueva Zelanda , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , España , UruguayRESUMEN
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) has gained great clinical importance as a biomarker of type 2 inflammation in chronic airway diseases such as asthma. FeNO originates primarily in the bronchial epithelium and is produced in large quantities by the enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). It should be noted that nitric oxide (NO) produced at femtomolar to picomolar levels is fundamental for respiratory physiology. This basal production is induced in the bronchial epithelium by interferon gamma (IFNγ) via Janus kinases (JAK)/STAT-1 signaling. However, when there is an increase in the expression of type 2 inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13, the STAT-6 pathway is activated, leading to overexpression of iNOS and consequently to an overproduction of airway NO. Increased NO levels contributes to bronchial hyperreactivity and mucus hypersecretion, increases vascular permeability, reduces ciliary heartbeat, and promotes free radical production, airway inflammation, and tissue damage. In asthmatic patients, FeNO levels usually rise above 25 parts per billion (ppb) and its follow-up helps to define asthma phenotype and to monitor the effectiveness of corticosteroid treatment and adherence to treatment. FeNO is also very useful to identify those severe asthma patients that might benefit of personalized therapies with monoclonal antibodies. In this review, we revised the cellular and molecular mechanisms of NO production in the airway and its relevance as a biomarker of type 2 inflammation in asthma.
Asunto(s)
Asma , Espiración , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Pruebas Respiratorias , Prueba de Óxido Nítrico Exhalado Fraccionado , Humanos , Inflamación , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismoRESUMEN
The therapeutic efficacy of clopidogrel as an antiplatelet drug varies among individuals, being the mainstream hypothesis that its bioavailability depends on the individual genetic background and/or interactions with other drugs. A total of 477 patients receiving double antiaggregation therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel, after suffering a first event, were followed for 1 year to record relapse, as a surrogate end point to measure their therapeutic response, as defined by presenting with an acute coronary event (unstable angina, ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, or non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction), stent thrombosis/restenosis, or cardiac mortality. Anthropometric, clinical, and pharmacological variables along with CYP2C19 genotypes were analyzed for their association with the disease relapse phenotype. Only 75 patients (15%) suffered a relapse, which occurred during the first 6 months of therapy, with a peak at 4.5 months. An initial univariate analysis identified that patients in the relapse group were significantly older (67.4 ± 11.0 vs 61.6 ± 12.3 years old) and presented with diffuse coronary disease, insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mellitus dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension. A poor clinical response to the platelet antiaggregation regime also occurred more frequently among patients taking acenocoumarol and calcium channel blockers, along with aspirin and clopidogrel, while no association was found according to CYP2C19 genotypes. A retrospective multivariate analysis indicated that patients belonging to the nonresponder phenotype to treatment with aspirin and clopidogrel were older, presented with diffuse coronary disease, a group largely overlapping with type 2 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and were taking dihidropyrimidinic calcium channel blockers.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome Coronario Agudo , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Infarto del Miocardio , Síndrome Coronario Agudo/tratamiento farmacológico , Aspirina/uso terapéutico , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Calcio/uso terapéutico , Clopidogrel/uso terapéutico , Citocromo P-450 CYP2C19/genética , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Infarto del Miocardio/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria , Recurrencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Ticlopidina/uso terapéutico , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Rationale: We recently demonstrated that the 'Metabesity' factor HMG20A regulates islet beta-cell functional maturity and adaptation to physiological stress such as pregnancy and pre-diabetes. HMG20A also dictates central nervous system (CNS) development via inhibition of the LSD1-CoREST complex but its expression pattern and function in adult brain remains unknown. Herein we sought to determine whether HMG20A is expressed in the adult CNS, specifically in hypothalamic astrocytes that are key in glucose homeostasis and whether similar to islets, HMG20A potentiates astrocyte function in response to environmental cues. Methods: HMG20A expression profile was assessed by quantitative PCR (QT-PCR), Western blotting and/or immunofluorescence in: 1) the hypothalamus of mice exposed or not to either a high-fat diet or a high-fat high-sucrose regimen, 2) human blood leukocytes and adipose tissue obtained from healthy or diabetic individuals and 3) primary mouse hypothalamic astrocytes exposed to either high glucose or palmitate. RNA-seq and cell metabolic parameters were performed on astrocytes treated or not with a siHMG20A. Astrocyte-mediated neuronal survival was evaluated using conditioned media from siHMG20A-treated astrocytes. The impact of ORY1001, an inhibitor of the LSD1-CoREST complex, on HMG20A expression, reactive astrogliosis and glucose metabolism was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in high-fat high-sucrose fed mice. Results: We show that Hmg20a is predominantly expressed in hypothalamic astrocytes, the main nutrient-sensing cell type of the brain. HMG20A expression was upregulated in diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerant mice, correlating with increased transcript levels of Gfap and Il1b indicative of inflammation and reactive astrogliosis. Hmg20a transcript levels were also increased in adipose tissue of obese non-diabetic individuals as compared to obese diabetic patients. HMG20A silencing in astrocytes resulted in repression of inflammatory, cholesterol biogenesis and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition pathways which are hallmarks of reactive astrogliosis. Accordingly, HMG20A depleted astrocytes exhibited reduced mitochondrial bioenergetics and increased susceptibility to apoptosis. Neuron viability was also hindered in HMG20A-depleted astrocyte-derived conditioned media. ORY1001 treatment rescued expression of reactive astrogliosis-linked genes in HMG20A ablated astrocytes while enhancing cell surface area, GFAP intensity and STAT3 expression in healthy astrocytes, mimicking the effect of HMG20A. Furthermore, ORY1001 treatment protected against obesity-associated glucose intolerance in mice correlating with a regression of hypothalamic HMG20A expression, indicative of reactive astrogliosis attenuation with improved health status. Conclusion: HMG20A coordinates the astrocyte polarization state. Under physiological pressure such as obesity and insulin resistance that induces low grade inflammation, HMG20A expression is increased to induce reactive astrogliosis in an attempt to preserve the neuronal network and re-establish glucose homeostasis. Nonetheless, a chronic metabesity state or functional mutations will result in lower levels of HMG20A, failure to promote reactive astrogliosis and increase susceptibility of neurons to stress-induced apoptosis. Such effects could be reversed by ORY1001 treatment both in vitro and in vivo, paving the way for a new therapeutic approach for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Asunto(s)
Astrocitos/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Gliosis/metabolismo , Proteínas del Grupo de Alta Movilidad/metabolismo , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Neuronas/metabolismo , Obesidad/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Adulto , Animales , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Co-Represoras/antagonistas & inhibidores , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Proteína Ácida Fibrilar de la Glía/metabolismo , Glucosa/metabolismo , Proteínas del Grupo de Alta Movilidad/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas del Grupo de Alta Movilidad/genética , Histona Demetilasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Humanos , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mitocondrias/genética , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/antagonistas & inhibidores , ARN Interferente Pequeño , RNA-SeqRESUMEN
Obesity is increasing at exponential rates in developed economies despite the numerous policy interventions being implemented. The causes of obesity are multifactorial demanding a holistic review for targeted intervention. This study, therefore, provides a holistic overview of multiple factors affecting body weights i.e., socioeconomic and intrapersonal factors. We used data from a household and experimental survey carried out in Spain (Barcelona) in 2014. A non-linear path analysis was used considering the non-linear relationships that might exist between these factors and body weight. Results confirm non-linear relationships between some socioeconomic, intrapersonal factors and body weight. Among the intrapersonal factors, obesity is directly influenced by volitional control of obesity, attitude toward obese persons, holding a correct body image and body image dissatisfaction. Socioeconomic factors that have significant influence on obesity were age, education and gender. Risk attitudes do not correlate with obesity.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To validate the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) via an assessment of its relation to postoperative costs. BACKGROUND: The CCI summarizes all the postoperative complications graded by the Clavien-Dindo classification (CDC) on a numerical scale. Its relation to hospital costs has not been validated to date. METHODS: Prospective observational cohort study, including all patients undergoing surgery at a general surgery service during the 1-year study period. All complications graded with the CDC and CCI and related to the initial admission, or until discharge if the patient was readmitted within 90 days of surgery, were included. The surgeries were classified according to their Operative Severity Score (OSS) and in 4 groups of homogeneous surgeries. All postoperative costs were recorded. RESULTS: In all, 1850 patients were included, of whom 513 presented complications (27.7%). The CDC and the CCI were moderately to strongly correlated with overall postoperative costs (OPCs) in all OSS groups (rs = 0.444-0.810 vs 0.445-0.820; P < 0.001), homogeneous surgeries (rs = 0.364-0.802 vs 0.364-0.813; P < 0.001), prolongation of postoperative stay (rs = 0.802 vs 0.830; P < 0.001), and initial operating room costs (rs = 0.448 vs 0.451; P < 0.001). This correlation was higher in emergency surgery. With higher CDC grades, the OPC tended to increase an upward trend. In the multivariate analysis, CDC, CCI, age, and duration of surgery were all associated with OPC (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In our environment, the CCI presented associations with OPC. This demonstration of its economic validity enhances its clinical validity.
Asunto(s)
Costo de Enfermedad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/economía , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
El consumo de tabaco puede llegar a ser un problema durante la adolescencia. La experimentación con el tabaco puede llevar a un consumo de larga duración y dependencia. Los adolescentes fumadores tienen el mismo riesgo a largo plazo que los fumadores adultos de desarrollar cáncer, enfermedades cardiovasculares o enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Además, el tabaco supone un riesgo importante para el bebé durante el embarazo y la lactancia. Tras realizar una revisión amplia de la literatura científica, el grupo PrevInfad concluye que no existen pruebas de buena calidad a favor ni en contra para recomendar la intervención individual frente al consumo de tabaco en adolescentes. No obstante, dadas las importantes implicaciones que tiene para la salud el desarrollo precoz de dependencia del tabaco y la mayor dificultad de abandono de este cuando se inicia a edades tempranas, parece mayor el beneficio que el riesgo de realizar consejo o intervención breve, teniendo en cuenta tanto las preferencias y valores de los adolescentes y sus familias como los recursos disponibles
Tobacco consumption may become a problem in adolescence. Experiencing tobacco may drive to a long-lasting consumption and dependence. Adolescents smokers have the same risk in the long term than adult smokers as far as cancer, cardiovascular disease or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is concerned. Moreover, tobacco implies relevant risks during pregnancy and breastfeeding. After a comprehensive literature review, the group PrevInfad concludes that there is no good quality evidence in favor nor against the recommendation of individual intervention on tobacco consumption in adolescents. Nevertheless, given the relevant implications in health of the early tobacco dependence, and the greater difficulty of its cessation when started at an early age, the benefit of the brief counseling or intervention seems greater than its risk, taking into account the values and preferences of the adolescents and their families as well as the available resources
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Adolescente , Prevención del Hábito de Fumar/métodos , Tabaquismo/complicaciones , Tabaquismo/epidemiología , Conducta del Adolescente , Europa (Continente)RESUMEN
RESUMEN El fibroelastoma papilar es un tumor poco frecuente, con una prevalencia estimada entre el 1 y el 7,9% de todos los tumores cardíacos primarios, los que -a su vez- presentan una muy baja incidencia (entre 0,001 y 0,28%), pues la gran mayoría de ellos (casi un 90%) son benignos. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 41 años de edad que debutó con un accidente cerebrovascular. En el estudio ecocardiográfico se halló un tumor cardíaco en la valva anterior mitral sugerente de fibroelastoma papilar. Se decidió la intervención quirúrgica ante la posibilidad de complicaciones embólicas derivadas, con recurrencia de episodios isquémicos cerebrovasculares. Se realizó resección triangular de dicha tumoración y anuloplastia mitral con buen resultado. El estudio anatomopatológico confirmó el diagnóstico.
ABSTRACT Papillary fibroelastoma is an infrequent tumor, with a prevalence estimated between 1 and 7.9% of all primary cardiac tumors, which -at the same time- have a very low incidence (between 0.001 and 0.28%), because the great majority of them (almost a 90%) are benign. Here is presented the case of a 41-year-old man who had a stroke. A cardiac tumor in the anterior mitral valve suggestive of papillary fibroelastoma was found in the echocardiographic study. The surgical intervention was decided because of the possibility of resulting embolic complications with recurrence of cerebrovascular ischemic events. A triangular resection of the tumor and mitral annuloplasty were performed with good results. The pathological study confirmed the diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Ecocardiografía , Accidente Cerebrovascular , Fibroelastoma Papilar Cardíaco , Neoplasias CardíacasRESUMEN
El síndrome depresivo que aparece durante la infancia o la adolescencia tiende a seguir un curso crónico, con alta probabilidad de permanecer en la edad adulta. Su sintomatología repercute en la vida diaria del menor y, en el caso de la depresión mayor, supone un riesgo para la aparición de conducta suicida. Dada la variabilidad de sus manifestaciones clínicas y las dificultades en el diagnóstico, se plantea la posible utilidad del uso de cuestionarios de cribado en la población infantil y adolescente, a partir de un análisis del rendimiento de estos y de la eficacia de las medidas terapéuticas actuales. El presente trabajo se ha dividido en dos partes, y al final de este se recopilan las recomendaciones de distintos grupos de trabajo y tras el análisis de la evidencia, las recomendaciones que el grupo PrevInfad ha consensuado para la consulta de los pediatras en Atención Primaria
The depressive syndrome that appears during childhood or adolescence tends to follow a chronic course, with a high probability of remaining in adulthood. Its symptoms affect the daily life of the minor and in case of major depression, it poses a risk for the onset of suicidal behavior. Given the variability of its clinical manifestations and the difficulties in diagnosis, the possible usefulness of the use of screening questionnaires in the child and adolescent population is proposed, based on an analysis of their performance and the efficacy of current therapeutic measures. This article, which has been divided in two parts, ends with several recommendations for the consultation of pediatricians in Primary Care made by PrevInfad Group, after analyzing their evidence
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Niño , Adolescente , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/diagnóstico , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Antidepresivos/uso terapéutico , Psicoterapia/métodos , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/epidemiología , Diagnóstico Precoz , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
El síndrome depresivo que aparece durante la infancia o la adolescencia tiende a seguir un curso crónico, con alta probabilidad de permanecer en la edad adulta. Su sintomatología repercute en la vida diaria del menor y, en el caso de la depresión mayor, supone un riesgo para la aparición de conducta suicida. Dada la variabilidad de sus manifestaciones clínicas y las dificultades en el diagnóstico, se plantea la posible utilidad del uso de cuestionarios de cribado en la población infantil y adolescente, a partir de un análisis del rendimiento de estos y de la eficacia de las medidas terapéuticas actuales. El presente trabajo se ha dividido en dos partes, y al final de este se recopilan las recomendaciones de distintos grupos de trabajo y tras el análisis de la evidencia, las recomendaciones que el grupo PrevInfad ha consensuado para la consulta de los pediatras en Atención Primaria
The depressive syndrome that appears during childhood or adolescence tends to follow a chronic course, with a high probability of remaining in adulthood. Its symptoms affect the daily life of the minor and in case of major depression, it poses a risk for the onset of suicidal behavior. Given the variability of its clinical manifestations and the difficulties in diagnosis, the possible usefulness of the use of screening questionnaires in the child and adolescent population is proposed, based on an analysis of their performance and the efficacy of current therapeutic measures. This article, which has been divided in two parts, ends with several recommendations made by different work groups and, after analyzing the evidence, the ones that the PrevInfad group has agreed on for the consultation of pediatricians in Primary Care
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Niño , Adolescente , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/diagnóstico , Psicometría/métodos , Depresión/clasificación , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/epidemiología , Diagnóstico Precoz , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Atención Primaria de Salud/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
La prevención de los accidentes de tráfico es un tema de gran trascendencia social y un asunto de primera magnitud en salud pública. El grupo PrevInfad presenta en este documento la actualización de sus recomendaciones para la prevención de las lesiones por accidente de tráfico en niños y adolescentes, publicando en este caso un documento totalmente nuevo, que puede ser consultado en su versión íntegra en la página web del grupo (previnfad.aepap.org). La metodología incluye el diseño de un marco analítico, la formulación de preguntas estructuradas, la búsqueda y el análisis de la bibliografía. Dentro del apartado de accidentes de tráfico se van a considerar los ocasionados en vehículos a motor con el niño como pasajero o con el adolescente como conductor de ciclomotores u otros vehículos, los sufridos por peatones y las lesiones por caídas de bicicleta o por colisión de estas con vehículos a motor. También se incluye a los niños que se inician en la competición de ciclomotor. Es evidente que gran parte de las acciones preventivas corresponden a otros estamentos, si bien el pediatra tiene el deber de actuar como consejero y como grupo científico
Traffic accident prevention is an issue of social relevance and a very important public health matter. The working group PrevInfad presents in this document the update of its recommendations for traffic injury prevention in children and adolescents. The published document is brand new and can be consulted in full on the group's website (previnfad.aepap.org). The methodology includes the design of an analytic framework, the formulation of structured questions, the search of the evidence and the analysis of the bibliography. Traffic accidents are considered those caused in motor vehicles with the child as a passenger or with the adolescent as a driver of motorcycles or other vehicles, the accidents suffered by pedestrians and the injuries by falls from bicycles or from collision of bicycles with motor vehicles. The document also includes children that initiate into motorcycle competition. Many of the preventive actions concern to other levels, nevertheless the pediatricians must act as advisers and as scientific group
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Accidentes de Tránsito/prevención & control , Dispositivos de Protección de la Cabeza , Sistemas de Retención Infantil , Cinturones de Seguridad , Accidentes de Tránsito/estadística & datos numéricos , Violencia Víal , Prevención de Accidentes/métodosRESUMEN
Four important topics about children and adolescents in our Primary Care activity are presented in this update document: support for breastfeeding, promotion of physical activity, prevention of child injuries due to traffic accidents, and screening for major depression.
Asunto(s)
Accidentes de Tránsito , Atención Primaria de Salud , Adolescente , Niño , HumanosRESUMEN
La actualización sobre las actividades de promoción de la actividad física en la infancia y adolescencia se aborda en dos partes. En la primera se analizan los beneficios en salud y los posibles riesgos de la actividad física. En la segunda se valora la evidencia sobre la eficacia de las intervenciones dirigidas a la promoción de la actividad física y disminución del sedentarismo en la edad pediátrica. El grupo PrevInfad sugiere hacer intervenciones dirigidas a la promoción de la actividad física o a la disminución del sedentarismo tanto en Atención Primaria como en el entorno escolar o comunitario
The update on actions to promote physical activity in childhood and adolescence is addressed in two parts. In the first part, the benefits in health and the possible risks of physical activity are analysed. In the second part, the evidence about the efficacy of the interventions directed to promote physical activity and decrease sedentary lifestyles in the paediatric age is assessed. The PrevInfad group suggests making interventions aimed at the promotion of physical activity or at reducing sedentary lifestyles, both in primary care and in the school or community environment
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Niño , Adolescente , Actividad Motora/fisiología , Técnicas de Ejercicio con Movimientos/estadística & datos numéricos , Obesidad Infantil/prevención & control , Manejo de la Obesidad/métodos , Conducta Sedentaria , Entrenamiento de Fuerza/métodos , Evaluación de Eficacia-Efectividad de Intervenciones , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Atención Primaria de Salud/métodosRESUMEN
La actualización sobre las actividades de promoción de la actividad física en la infancia y adolescencia se aborda en dos partes. En la primera se analizan los beneficios en salud y los posibles riesgos de la actividad física. En la segunda se valora la evidencia sobre la eficacia de las intervenciones dirigidas a la promoción de la actividad física y disminución del sedentarismo en la edad pediátrica. El grupo PrevInfad sugiere hacer intervenciones dirigidas a la promoción de la actividad física o a la disminución del sedentarismo tanto en Atención Primaria como en el entorno escolar o comunitario
The update on actions to promote physical activity in childhood and adolescence is addressed in two parts. In the first part, the benefits in health and the possible risks of physical activity are analyzed. In the second part, the evidence about the efficacy of the interventions directed to promote physical activity and decrease sedentary lifestyles in the pediatric age is assessed. The PrevInfad group suggests making interventions aimed at the promotion of physical activity or at reducing sedentary lifestyles, both in Primary Care and in the school or community environment
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Obesidad Infantil/prevención & control , Sobrepeso/prevención & control , Actividad Motora/fisiología , Entrenamiento de Fuerza/métodos , Entrenamiento de Intervalos de Alta Intensidad/métodos , Entrenamiento de Fuerza/métodos , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Estilo de Vida Saludable , Conducta del Adolescente/psicología , Evaluación de Eficacia-Efectividad de Intervenciones , Prevención de EnfermedadesRESUMEN
Obesity is projected to increase in the coming years, despite the various socioeconomic policies implemented by governments and policy makers. As a result, some studies have suggested that obesity should be looked at from a psychological point of view, that is, individuals' propensity to become addicted to the consumption of fat-rich foods. Although previous studies have supported this, the results have been inconclusive: methodologically and geographically. This study uses a robust approach to elicit the risk and time preferences of food consumers. It goes further to ascertain the correlations between these parameters and obesity. Despite the methodological and geographical differences, our results support a strong relationship between body mass Index and risk aversion, but not for loss aversion. In addition, time discounting significantly influences individuals' propensity to increase body mass Index.