RESUMEN
The paper reviews the changing global landscape of infectious diseases and outlines the history and epidemiology of selected recent epidemics that have relevance to human and animal health in the Caribbean area; specifically, West Nile encephalitis, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, foot-and-mouth disease, avian and canine influenza, classical swine fever and bluetongue. While it is not possible to predict which new diseases will emerge over the next 10 years to affect the Caribbean countries, one can identify trends. It is safe to say that new diseases will emerge. The region has an excellent record of disease prevention and eradication, but this should not be a justification for celebration and relaxation. Various factors continue to place the Caribbean at risk, ranging from the increased volume of trade and tourism in the region through to global warming. Diseases originating elsewhere in the world could easily involve the region.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Brotes de Enfermedades , Región del Caribe , Peste Porcina Clásica , Lengua Azul , Gripe Aviar , Virus del Nilo Occidental , Infecciones , Salud GlobalRESUMEN
The paper reviews the changing global landscape of infectious diseases and outlines the history and epidemiology of selected recent epidemics that have relevance to human and animal health in the Caribbean area; specifically, West Nile encephalitis, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, foot-and-mouth disease, avian and canine influenza, classical swine fever and bluetongue. While it is not possible to predict which new diseases will emerge over the next 10 years to affect the Caribbean countries, one can identify trends. It is safe to say that new diseases will emerge. The region has an excellent record of disease prevention and eradication, but this should not be a justification for celebration and relaxation. Various factors continue to place the Caribbean at risk, ranging from the increased volume of trade and tourism in the region through to global warming. Diseases originating elsewhere in the world could easily involve the region.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Brotes de Enfermedades , Región del Caribe , Peste Porcina Clásica , Lengua Azul , Gripe Aviar , Virus del Nilo Occidental , Infecciones , Salud GlobalAsunto(s)
21003 , Anticuerpos Antivirales/análisis , Virus de la Lengua Azul/inmunología , Bovinos/microbiología , Reoviridae/inmunología , Anticuerpos Antivirales/inmunología , Especificidad de Anticuerpos , Epítopos , Virus de la Lengua Azul/clasificación , Búfalos/microbiología , América Central/epidemiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Distribución Aleatoria , Serotipificación/veterinaria , Ovinos/microbiología , Factores de Tiempo , JamaicaRESUMEN
Variations in the percentages of lambs seroconverting to bluetongue viruses was seen between sites and years in Barbados. Transmission at some sites was nearly absent whereas all lambs at one site became seropositive. The agar gel immunodiffusion test for bluetongue gave consistent results in series of serum samples from 112 of 121 sentinel lambs. Collections of biting midges in association with sheep yielded six species. Culicoides insignis Lutz, C. pusillus Lutz, C. phlebotomus (Williston), C. furens (Poey), C. jamaicensis Edwards and C. trilineatus Fox. The first two species comprised 92 percent of those caught during a sentinel lamb study and were the predominant species trapped for virus isolation. No viruses were recovered from 5517 C. insignis, 614 C. pusillus, three C. trilineatus and two C. furens placed into pools during two brief intensive trapping operations. (AU)
Asunto(s)
21003 , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Lengua Azul/epidemiología , Virus de la Lengua Azul/inmunología , Ceratopogonidae/aislamiento & purificación , Insectos Vectores/aislamiento & purificación , Barbados/epidemiología , Lengua Azul/transmisión , Inmunodifusión , OvinosRESUMEN
When monitored by the agar gel immunodiffusion test for antibody to bluetongue viruses, a sentinel flock of twenty-five lambs remained seropositive through the year, whereas in a sentinel herd of twenty calves only two individuals seroconverted and these became negative again within 2 months. A light trap operated with the calf herd yielded high numbers of culicoides insignis Lutz (over 18,000 per trap night) along with C. filariferus Hoffman, C. pusillus Lutz, C. leopoldi Ortiz, C. foxi Ortiz, C. limai Barretto, C. diabolicus Hoffman and C. guyanensis Floch and Abonnenc. Culicoides were trapped at the sheep station which had housed the lambs 3 years following the sentinel study. No virus was isolated from pools of C. insignis, C. filariferus and C. pusillus. Six outer species were collected in insufficient numbers to warrant attempted virus isolations. (AU)