RESUMEN
Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR-1)-deficient mice exhibited a high incidence of osteoarthritis (OA) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) as early as 9 weeks of age. They showed typical histological signs of OA, including surface fissures, loss of proteoglycans, chondrocyte cluster formation, collagen type I upregulation, and atypical collagen fibril arrangements. Chondrocytes isolated from the TMJs of DDR-1-deficient mice maintained their osteoarthritic characteristics when placed in culture. They expressed high levels of runx-2 and collagen type I, as well as low levels of sox-9 and aggrecan. The expression of DDR-2, a key factor in OA, was increased. DDR-1-deficient chondrocytes from the TMJ were positively influenced towards chondrogenesis by a three-dimensional matrix combined with a runx-2 knockdown or stimulation with extracellular matrix components, such as nidogen-2. Therefore, the DDR-1 knock-out mouse can serve as a novel model for temporomandibular disorders, such as OA of the TMJ, and will help to develop new treatment options, particularly those involving tissue regeneration.
Asunto(s)
Subunidad alfa 1 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ratones , Osteoartritis/genética , Proteínas Tirosina Quinasas Receptoras/genética , Trastornos de la Articulación Temporomandibular/genética , Articulación Temporomandibular/fisiopatología , Animales , Huesos/citología , Huesos/embriología , Huesos/patología , Proteínas de Unión al Calcio , Moléculas de Adhesión Celular , Células Cultivadas , Condrocitos/citología , Condrocitos/metabolismo , Condrogénesis/fisiología , Colágeno Tipo I/metabolismo , Subunidad alfa 1 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/biosíntesis , Subunidad alfa 1 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/genética , Receptor con Dominio Discoidina 1 , Matriz Extracelular , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Ratones Noqueados , Osteoartritis/patología , Proteoglicanos/deficiencia , Interferencia de ARN , ARN Interferente Pequeño , Receptores de Colágeno/metabolismo , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
Osteoarthritis is one of the most common musculo-skeletal diseases with a complex patholoy and a strong impact on cell biology, differentiation and migration behavior of mesenchymal stem cell-derived progenitor cells. In this review, we elucidate the influence of the pathologically altered extracellular matrix on progenitor cell behavior. Moreover, we discuss the modulation of progenitor cells especially of previously characterized chondrogenic progenitor cells (Koelling et al., 2009) in situ to enhance their regeneration potential. These options comprise the application of growth factors like fibroblast growth factor-2, a Runx-2 knock down and a contemporary anti-inflammatory therapy. This supports endogenous regeneration on behalf of the diseased osteoarthritic cartilage, which otherwise results mainly in an insufficient fibro-cartilaginous repair tissue. Furthermore, new results indicate a role of pericytes in osteoarthritis for these repair attempts. We discuss the biological mechanisms potentially leading to new therapeutic options in osteoarthritis to enhance regeneration in situ.