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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of omega-3 (ω3) polyunsaturated fatty acids, in association with aspirin (AA), on the morphology of cytokine release in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) of rats induced with rheumatoid arthritis (IR) by injecting 100 µL of complete Freund's adjuvant with bovine type II collagen at the tail base. Thirty-two adult male rats were divided into treatment groups: Sham, treated with 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl) p.o.; IR-control, treated with 0.9% NaCl p.o.; IR-ω3 treated with ω3 PUFAS (85 mg/kg/day p.o.); and IR-ω3 + AA treated with ω3 (85 mg/kg/day p.o.) + AA (20 mg/kg/day i.p.). After maintained treatment for seven days, the animals were euthanized. Bilateral TMJs from each rat were removed and one was subjected to histological immunoassays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to assess interleukin (IL)-1ß, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-10 levels. Data analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests. In the IR-ω3 and IR-ω3 + AA groups, the TMJ was greater than in the IR-control group (P < 0.0001). The addition of AA did not improve the effects of ω3 (P = 0.0698). Similarly, the addition of AA conferred no additional effects on the cytokine levels (P > 0.05); however, it increased the proteoglycan density, compared with ω3 alone. We found that ω3 exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in arthritic rats, and the addition of AA increased proteoglycan density, but did not affect cytokine expression.

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Introdução: A ansiedade, quando ocorre diante da perspectiva do tratamento odontológico, é denominada ansiedade odontológica, e esta pode estar presente em diferentes perfis de indivíduos, inclusive estudantes de odontologia. Objetivos: avaliar o grau de ansiedade e percepção de estudantes de odontologia, relacionados ao tratamento odontológico. Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional e transversal aprovado pelo comitê de ética e pesquisa em seres humanos, envolvendo 214 alunos do curso de odontologia da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, campus Aracaju. O estudo avaliou através do questionário de Corah, o grau, o momento e o protocolo que mais causa ansiedade de estudantes de odontologia durante o atendimento odontológico. Resultados: A maioria dos entrevistados apresentou baixo nível de ansiedade independentemente da idade, do sexo, e do semestre letivo. O momento que mais causa ansiedade é no dia anterior ao procedimento odontológico e os procedimentos mais invasivos, tais como cirurgia oral e endodontia, geram maior ansiedade aos estudantes. Considerações finais: Estudantes de odontologia também podem apresentar ansiedade frente a procedimentos dos quais muitas vezes estão aptos a realizar. A auto avaliação do grau de ansiedade pode desenvolver nesses estudantes maior empatia, tranquilidade e segurança durante o atendimento odontológico... (AU)

Introduction: When the anxiety occurs in the face of dental treatments it is defined as dental anxiety, which may affect different individuals' profiles, including dentistry students. Objectives: To evaluate dental students' anxiety and their perception facing dental treatment. Method: This is an observational and cross-sectional study approved by the ethics and research committee, involving 214 students from the Dentistry program at the Federal University of Sergipe, in Brazil. It was conducted using the Corah Dental Anxiety Scale questionnaire. Results: The volunteers demonstrated a lower level of anxiety regardless of age, sex, and college period. The moment that caused most anxiety in students was one day prior to the dental procedure, and invasive procedures, such as oral surgery and endodontics, caused greater anxiety for students. Final considerations: Dentistry's students may also be anxious about procedures that they are often able to perform. Self-assessment of the degree of anxiety can develop empathy, tranquility, and security during dental care... (AU)

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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the effects of Passiflora incarnata, Erythrina mulungu, and midazolam in controlling anxiety in patients undergoing mandibular third molar extraction. METHODS: The volunteers underwent extraction of their third mandibular molars in a randomized, placebo-controlled, triple-blind, and parallel clinical trial. Passiflora incarnata (500 mg), Erythrina mulungu (500 mg), or midazolam (15 mg) was orally administered 60 min before the surgery. The anxiety level of participants was evaluated using questionnaires and measurements of physical parameters, including heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and oxygen saturation (SpO2). RESULTS: A total of 200 volunteers were included in this clinical trial. Considering each procedure independently, no significant differences (p > 0.05) in BP, HR, and SpO2 were observed among the protocols. CONCLUSIONS: Passiflora incarnata showed a similar effect to midazolam but differed from placebo and mulungu, which were unable to control anxiety in this situation. Therefore, the results suggest that Passiflora configures an herbal medicine with an anxiolytic effect, adequate to use in third molar extractions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The use of Passiflora incarnata may be an alternative to benzodiazepines for controlling anxiety in patients scheduled for oral surgery under local anesthesia. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov : ANSI-388.427.

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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the local anesthesia efficacy of ropivacaine 0.75% compared to lidocaine 2% with 1:100,000 epinephrine for postoperative analgesia following extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. STUDY DESIGN: In this randomized, double-blind crossover clinical trial, 30 participants underwent surgical removal of bilateral impacted mandibular third molars under local anesthesia using ropivacaine 0.75% or lidocaine 2% with 1:100,000 epinephrine. The pain was recorded on a visual analog scale at 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h postoperatively. The use of analgesics and the presence of adverse effects were recorded. RESULTS: The duration of soft tissue anesthesia in the ropivacaine group was significantly longer than that in the lidocaine group. The lidocaine group recorded significantly higher visual analog scale scores at all postoperative time intervals, except in the final 48-h period. Analgesic use was higher in the lidocaine group. Rescue medication was used by 2 patients in each group (6.7%). Significantly more postoperative bleeding was seen in the ropivacaine group. CONCLUSION: Ropivacaine 0.75% injection before the surgical procedure may be associated with preventive analgesia for extraction of impacted mandibular third molars.

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OBJECTIVES: This randomized, triple-blind, crossover clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy, onset, length of pulp and soft tissue anesthesia, and pain during injection of 2% buffered articaine and 4% non-buffered articaine solutions. METHODS: Each volunteer received two maxillary supraperiosteal anesthesia infiltrations in canine area. The infiltrations were performed at two different sessions using a different local anesthetic solution for each session, and the anesthetic injection speed was always 1 mL/min. The assessment of the onset and length of pulpal and soft tissue anesthesia was performed with the pulp electrical test "pulp tester" and the esthesiometer kit, respectively. Volunteers marked pain during injection on a visual analog scale (VAS). The anesthetics solutions pH was evaluated through the pH meter equipment. RESULTS: There was no difference between the two anesthetic solutions (onset of soft tissue anesthesia, p = 0.5386; length of soft tissue anesthesia, p = 0.718; onset of pulpal anesthesia, p = 0.747; length of pulpal anesthesia, p = 0.375), except for pain during the injection which was lower when buffered 2% articaine was used (p = 0.001) and the pH. The pH analysis revealed that the solutions differed from one another (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The 2% buffered articaine solution provided the same anesthetic properties then 4% unbuffered articaine with a great reduction in pain during injection. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The possibility of use 2% buffered articaine solution instead of 4% articaine maintaining the same anesthetic properties with a great reduction in pain during injection and half of the anesthetic salt concentration.

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