RESUMEN
Here we describe a new species of Lancehead (Bothrops jabrensis sp. nov.) based on three individuals sampled from a previously unknown population from Pico do Jabre, an isolated and small Caatinga moist-forest enclave (CMFE) located in northeastern Brazil. Although this new species has an external morphology resembling those found in representatives of the Bothrops jararaca (Wied-Neuwied, 1824) species group, B. jabrensis can be diagnosed by a combination of meristic and color characters. Molecular phylogenetic analysis indicates the new species represents a unique and highly divergent lineage within Bothrops revealing the existence of a previously unknown phylogenetic lineage that has been evolving as an independent unit for more than 8 million years. Additionally, the estimated divergence time of this lineage conflicts with some proposed scenarios of historical processes associated with the evolution of CMFEs. Finally, the uniqueness of this species indicates its relevance for the maintenance of the phylogenetic diversity of Lanceheads in South America. Like other CMFEs, Pico do Jabre is consistently threatened by poaching, illegal fires, deforestation for agricultural purposes, and illegal logging. The restricted distribution of B. jabrensis, in a small and disturbed CMFE, strongly suggests that this species is critically endangered and is likely approaching extinction as a natural population.
RESUMEN
The outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in Brazil, 2015-2016, were associated with severe congenital malformations. Our translational study aimed to test the efficacy of the antiviral agent sofosbuvir (SOF) against vertical transmission of ZIKV and the associated congenital syndrome (CZS), using a rhesus monkey model. Eight pregnant macaques were successfully infected during the organogenesis phase with a Brazilian ZIKV strain; five of them received SOF from two to fifteen days post-infection. Both groups of dams showed ZIKV-associated clinical signals, detectable ZIKV RNA in several specimens, specific anti-ZIKV IgM and IgG antibodies, and maternal neutralizing antibodies. However, malformations occurred only among non-treated dam offspring. Compared to non-treated animals, all SOF-treated dams had a shorter ZIKV viremia and four of five neonates had undetectable ZIKV RNA in blood and tissue samples. These results support further clinical evaluations aiming for the prevention of CZS.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa/prevención & control , Sofosbuvir/uso terapéutico , Infección por el Virus Zika/prevención & control , Infección por el Virus Zika/transmisión , Virus Zika/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Antivirales/administración & dosificación , Brasil , Femenino , Macaca mulatta , Embarazo , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/prevención & control , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/virología , Sofosbuvir/administración & dosificación , Investigación Biomédica Traslacional , Viremia/tratamiento farmacológico , Viremia/prevención & control , Virus Zika/inmunología , Infección por el Virus Zika/congénito , Infección por el Virus Zika/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Diodos Emisores de la Luz- Light Emitting Diodes (LED) son fuentes de luz que están siendo introducidos en los tratamientos del envejecimiento. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los efectos del LED rojo en la dermis de ratones wistar. Se trata de un estudio experimental controlado y randomizado, fueron utilizados 20 ratones wistar divididos en cinco grupos. Los grupos fueron: G1 en donde se aplicó 10 sesiones de diez minutos de fototerapia por LED. El G2 con 20 sesiones de 10minutos, el G3 con 10 sesiones de 20 minutos, el G4 con 20 sesiones de 20 minutos y el G5 fue el grupo control. Después de las aplicaciones se recolectó el material biológico de la zona, siendo realizado el análisis histológico de las áreas que recibieron las aplicaciones, sometiéndolas a las coloraciones de HE, tricómico de Masson y Verhoeef. Fue observada la presencia de micro vasos dérmicos con resultados significativos entre el G2 y el G5. Con relación a la presencia de mastocitos hubo resultados significativos entre el G1 y el G3. El análisis de las fibras elásticas presentó resultados significativos en los grupos G1, G2, G3, G4 en comparación al grupo control (G5). La evaluación de los efectos del LED en las fibras colágenos, los grupos tratados comparados al grupo control no presentaron ninguna diferencia significativa.
The Light-Emitting Diodes Light Emitting Diodes (LED) are a source of light wich are being introduced into the treatment of aging process. This study evaluate the effect of application of red LED on the dermis of Wistar rats. Twenty Wistar rats were used in this randomized controlled experimental study. Those rats were divided randomly into five groups. The G1 group underwent ten sessions of phototherapy by LED lasting ten minutes each. The G-2, 20 sessions of 10 minutes, the G-3, 20 minutes, the fourth group, 20 sessions of 20 minutes and the G-5 group was the control group. After the application, the biological material was collected and the histological analysis of the areas that suffered application were done, being subjected to HE staining, and Masson trichrome & Verhoeff. It was observed the presence of dermal microvascular, with significant results among G2 and G5 groups. Regarding the presence of mast cells, significant results were observed among G1 and G3 groups, however, that was not the case with the G5. By analyzing the elastic fibers, significant results were observed among G1, G2, G3, G4 groups, but the same results werent observed in the fifth group. Regarding the assessment of the effects of LED on the collagen fibers, the treated groups, when compared to the control group, showed no significant difference.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ratas , Fototerapia/métodos , Ondas de Radio/uso terapéutico , Piel/efectos de la radiación , Dermis/efectos de la radiación , Envejecimiento de la Piel/efectos de la radiación , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Ratas Wistar , Semiconductores , Tejido Conectivo/efectos de la radiación , Tejido Elástico/efectos de la radiaciónRESUMEN
This article reports the HPV status and cervical cytological abnormalities in patients attended at public and private gynecological services from Rio de Janeiro State. It also comments the performance of each HPV DNA tests used. A set of 454 women from private health clinics was tested by routine Capture Hybrid II HPV DNA assay. Among these, 58.4% presented HPV and nearly 90% of them were infected by high risk HPV types. However, this group presented few premalignant cervical lesions and no invasive cervical cancer was registered. We also studied 220 women from low income class attended at public health system. They were HPV tested by polymerase chain reaction using My09/11 primers followed by HPV typing with E6 specific primers. The overall HPV prevalence was 77.3%. They also showed a high percentage of high squamous intraepithelial lesion-HSIL (26.3%), and invasive cervical carcinoma (16.3%). HPV infection was found in 93.1% and 94.4% of them, respectively. The mean ages in both groups were 31.5 and 38 years, respectively. In series 1, HPV prevalence declined with age, data consistent with viral transient infection. In series 2, HPV prevalence did not decline, independent of age interval, supporting not only the idea of viral persistence into this group, but also regional epidemiological variations in the same geographic area. Significant cytological differences were seen between both groups. Normal and benign cases were the most prevalent cytological findings in series 1 while pre-malignant lesions were the most common diagnosis in the series 2. HPV prevalence in normal cases were statistically higher than those from series 1 (p<0.001), indicating a higher exposure to HPV infection. Women from both samples were referred for previous abnormal cytology. However, socio-demographic evidence shows that women from series 1 have access to treatment more easily and faster than women from series 2 before the development of pre-malignant lesions. These data provides baseline support for the role of social inequalities linked to high risk HPV infection leading to cervical cancer. Broadly screening programs and the development of safe and effective vaccines against HPV would diminish the toll of this disease that affect mainly poor women.
Asunto(s)
Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Cuello del Útero/virología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil/epidemiología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virología , Estudios Transversales , ADN Viral/análisis , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Sector Privado , Sector Público , Enfermedades del Cuello del Útero/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Cuello del Útero/epidemiología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/epidemiología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virología , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/diagnóstico , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/epidemiología , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/virologíaRESUMEN
This article reports the HPV status and cervical cytological abnormalities in patients attended at public and private gynecological services from Rio de Janeiro State. It also comments the performance of each HPV DNA tests used. A set of 454 women from private health clinics was tested by routine Capture Hybrid II HPV DNA assay. Among these, 58.4 percent presented HPV and nearly 90 percent of them were infected by high risk HPV types. However, this group presented few premalignant cervical lesions and no invasive cervical cancer was registered. We also studied 220 women from low income class attended at public health system. They were HPV tested by polymerase chain reaction using My09/11 primers followed by HPV typing with E6 specific primers. The overall HPV prevalence was 77.3 percent. They also showed a high percentage of high squamous intraepithelial lesion-HSIL (26.3 percent), and invasive cervical carcinoma (16.3 percent). HPV infection was found in 93.1 percent and 94.4 percent of them, respectively. The mean ages in both groups were 31.5 and 38 years, respectively. In series 1, HPV prevalence declined with age, data consistent with viral transient infection. In series 2, HPV prevalence did not decline, independent of age interval, supporting not only the idea of viral persistence into this group, but also regional epidemiological variations in the same geographic area. Significant cytological differences were seen between both groups. Normal and benign cases were the most prevalent cytological findings in series 1 while pre-malignant lesions were the most common diagnosis in the series 2. HPV prevalence in normal cases were statistically higher than those from series 1 (p < 0.001), indicating a higher exposure to HPV infection. Women from both samples were referred for previous abnormal cytology. However, socio-demographic evidence shows that women from series 1 have access to treatment more easily and faster than women from series 2 before the development of pre-malignant lesions...
Este artigo analisa a infecção por HPV e anormalidades citológicas cervicais encontradas em pacientes atendidas em serviços ginecológicos dos sistemas de saúde público e privado do estado do Rio de Janeiro. O trabalho também avalia os testes utilizados para detecção de DNA do HPV em cada população estudada. Um grupo de 454 mulheres oriundas de serviços da rede privada de saúde foi testado por Captura do Híbrido II. Destas, 58,4 por cento apresentaram infecção por HPV e cerca de 90 por cento delas estavam infectadas por HPV de alto risco. Este grupo, entretanto, apresentava poucos casos de lesões cervicais pré-malígnas e nenhum caso de câncer. Estudamos, também, 220 mulheres de baixo nível econômico atendidas no serviço de saúde pública que foram testadas para HPV pela reação da polimerase em cadeia utilizando-se os oligonucleotídeos My09/My11. A identificação dos tipos foi efetuada por amplificação com oligonucleotídeos específicos para a região E6 do genoma viral. A prevalência de HPV nesta população foi de 77.3 por cento, observando-se uma alta porcentagem de casos de neoplasias intraepiteliais cervicais de alto grau (26,3 por cento) e de carcinoma cervical invasivo (16,3 por cento). A infecção por HPV foi achada em, respectivamente, 93,1 por cento e 94,4 por cento destes casos. A média de idade em ambos os grupos era de 31,5 e 38 anos, respectivamente. Na série 1, a prevalência da infecção por HPV decresce com a idade, enquanto na série 2 ela não desaparece, dando suporte não só à idéia de persistência viral neste grupo, mas também a variações epidemiológicas na mesma área geográfica. Diferenças significativas foram vistas nos dois grupos. Casos normais e benignos foram incidentes na série 1, enquanto as lesões malígnas predominaram na série 2. Ao contrário, casos normais infectados por HPV eram prevalentes na série 2 (p < 0.001), indicando maior exposição ao vírus. Embora as mulheres de ambos os grupos tenham sido incluídas no estudo por apresentarem citologia anormal, evidências sócio-demográficas demonstram que mulheres da série 1 tem acesso mais fácil e rápido ao tratamento do que as mulheres da série 2 antes que as lesões pré-malígnas se desenvolvam...
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Papillomaviridae/genética , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Cuello del Útero/virología , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/virología , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/diagnóstico , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/epidemiología , Displasia del Cuello del Útero/virología , ADN Viral/análisis , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Prevalencia , Sector Privado , Sector Público , Infecciones por Papillomavirus/epidemiología , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Factores Socioeconómicos , Enfermedades del Cuello del Útero/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Cuello del Útero/epidemiología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/diagnóstico , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/epidemiología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/virologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that short periods of ischemia may increase the myocardial protection obtained with intermittent crossclamping of the aorta. METHODS: In the control group (18 patients), surgery was performed with systemic hypothermia at 32 degrees C and intermittent crossclamping of the aorta. Extracorporeal circulation was used. In the preconditioning group (17 patients), 2 crossclampings of the aorta lasting 3min each were added prior to the intermittent crossclamping of the conventional technique with an interval of 2min of reperfusion between them. Blood samples for analyses of pH, pCO2, pO2, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were obtained from the coronary sinus at the beginning of extracorporeal circulation (time 1), at the end of the first anastomosis (time 2), and at the end of extracorporeal circulation (time 3). RESULTS: No difference was observed in the results of the 2 groups, except for a variation in the ionic values in the different times of blood withdrawal; sodium values, however, remained stable. All patients had a good clinical outcome. CONCLUSION: The results of intermittent crossclamping of the aorta with moderate hypothermia were not altered by the use of ischemic preconditioning.
Asunto(s)
Gasto Cardíaco Bajo/sangre , Precondicionamiento Isquémico Miocárdico/métodos , Revascularización Miocárdica/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Aorta , Análisis de los Gases de la Sangre/métodos , Gasto Cardíaco Bajo/cirugía , Constricción , Circulación Extracorporea/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Hipotermia Inducida/métodos , Iones/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This retrospective analysis aims to report results of patients with cervix cancer treated by external beam radiotherapy (EBR) and high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From September 1992 to December 1996, 138 patients with FIGO Stages II and III and mean age of 56 years were treated. Median EBR to the whole pelvis was 45 Gy in 25 fractions. Parametrial boost was performed in 93% of patients, with a median dose of 14.4 Gy. Brachytherapy with HDR was performed during EBR or following its completion with a dose of 24 Gy in four weekly fractions of 6 Gy to point A. Median overall treatment time was of 60 days. Patient age, tumor stage, and overall treatment time were variables analyzed for survival and local control. Cumulative biologic effective dose (BED) at rectal and bladder reference points were correlated with late complications in these organs and dose of EBR at parametrium was correlated with small bowel complications. RESULTS: Median follow-up time was 38 months. Overall survival, disease-free survival, and local control at 5 years was 53.7%, 52.7%, and 62%, respectively. By multivariate and univariate analysis, overall treatment time up to 50 days was the only statistically significant adverse variable for overall survival (p = 0.003) and actuarial local control (p = 0.008). The 5-year actuarial incidence of rectal, bladder, and small bowel late complications was 16%, 11%, and 14%, respectively. Patients treated with cumulative BED at rectum points above 110 Gy(3) and at bladder point above 125 Gy(3) had a higher but not statistically significant 5-year actuarial rate of complications at these organs (18% vs. 12%, p = 0.49 and 17% vs. 9%, p = 0.20, respectively). Patients who received parametrial doses larger than 59 Gy had a higher 5-year actuarial rate of complications in the small bowel; however, this was not statistically significant (19% vs. 10%, p = 0.260). CONCLUSION: This series suggests that 45 Gy to the whole pelvis combined with four fractions of 6 Gy to point A with HDR brachytherapy is an effective and safe fractionation schedule in the treatment of Stages II and III cervix cancer if realized up to 50 days. To decrease the small bowel complications, we decreased the superior border of the parametrial fields to the S2-S3 level and the total dose to 54 Gy.
Asunto(s)
Braquiterapia/métodos , Carcinoma/radioterapia , Teleterapia por Radioisótopo , Dosificación Radioterapéutica , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/radioterapia , Braquiterapia/efectos adversos , Carcinoma/mortalidad , Fraccionamiento de la Dosis de Radiación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta en la Radiación , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Intestino Delgado/efectos de la radiación , Tablas de Vida , Persona de Mediana Edad , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Aceleradores de Partículas , Pelvis/efectos de la radiación , Traumatismos por Radiación/epidemiología , Traumatismos por Radiación/etiología , Teleterapia por Radioisótopo/efectos adversos , Recto/efectos de la radiación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Análisis de Supervivencia , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vejiga Urinaria/efectos de la radiación , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/mortalidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study tests the hypothesis that initial brief periods of ischemia can increase the protection obtained by intermittent aortic cross-clamping. METHODS: In the control group (n = 18), the procedure was performed under intermittent aortic cross-clamping at 32 degrees C. Patients in the preconditioned gorup (n = 17) received a stimulus of two 3-minute periods of cross-clamping followed by 2 minutes of reperfusion prior to standard operation. CKMB, troponin 1, adenosine, and lactate were obtained from the great cardiac vein at the onset of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), at the end of the first anastomosis, and at the end of CPB. RESULTS: CKMB and troponin I were slightly higher at the end of CPB in the control group, while there was no difference between adenosine and lactate levels. [table: see text]. CONCLUSION: There was no difference between groups in terms of myocardial protection.