RESUMEN
Brain alterations are hypothesized to be present in patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorders (CWAD). The aim of this case-control study was to examine alterations in cortical thickness and white matter (WM) structure, and the presence of brain microhemorrhages in a patient group encountering chronic neck pain of traumatic origin (i.e., CWAD) when compared with a patient group characterized by nontraumatic chronic neck pain [i.e., chronic idiopathic neck pain (CINP)], and healthy controls. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate associations between brain structure on one hand and cognitive performance and central sensitization (CS) on the other hand. T1-weighted, diffusion-weighted and T2*-weighted magnetic resonance images of the brain were acquired in 105 women (31 controls, 37 CINP, 37 CWAD) to investigate regional cortical thickness, WM structure, and microhemorrhages, respectively. Next, cognitive performance, and CS encompassing distant hyperalgesia and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) efficacy were examined. Cortical thinning in the left precuneus was revealed in CWAD compared with CINP patients. Also, decreased fractional anisotropy, together with increased values of mean diffusivity and radial diffusivity could be observed in the left cingulum hippocampus and tapetum in CWAD compared with CINP, and in the left tapetum in CWAD patients compared with controls. Moreover, the extent of WM structural deficits in the left tapetum coincided with decreased CPM efficacy in the CWAD group. This yields evidence for associations between decreased endogenous pain inhibition, and the degree of regional WM deficits in CWAD. Our results emphasize the role of structural brain alterations in women with CWAD compared with CINP.
Asunto(s)
Corteza Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Dolor Crónico/diagnóstico por imagen , Dolor de Cuello/diagnóstico por imagen , Lesiones por Latigazo Cervical/diagnóstico por imagen , Sustancia Blanca/diagnóstico por imagen , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Corteza Cerebral/patología , Dolor Crónico/etiología , Dolor Crónico/psicología , Cognición , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dolor de Cuello/etiología , Dolor de Cuello/psicología , Tamaño de los Órganos , Lesiones por Latigazo Cervical/complicaciones , Lesiones por Latigazo Cervical/psicología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
PROBLEMS/OBJECTIVES: To assess remission rate, treatment results, and factors for remission in patients with adult-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (AORRP). METHODOLOGY: In this retrospective study, the clinical and pathological data of 51 patients with AORRP, treated in University Hospitals between 1972 and 2006 were reviewed. The male-female ratio was 7:3. At diagnosis, the median age was 43 years, and the median retrospective Coltrera-Derkay Staging and Severity score was 6 (range, 2-28). Twenty-one patients (41%) received only surgical treatment. Thirty patients (59%) were treated with surgery and adjuvant intralesional cidofovir. RESULTS: At the time of analysis in December 2006, 69% of the patients were in remission. Of those, 46% had been treated with adjuvant cidofovir. Of the patients who were not in remission, 87% had been treated with adjuvant cidofovir. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.005). No significant difference was found between the remission group and the non-remission group for the factors age, gender, smoking habits, alcohol habits, GERD, severity and duration of therapy. CONCLUSIONS: AORRP was curable in most patients after long intensive treatment, with a general remission rate of 69%. Cidofovir was a negative factor for remission (p = 0.005). No other statistically significant factors for remission were found. Although a control group was present, it was not possible to perform a randomized study with comparable groups. A well-designed placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized trial to assess the outcomes of adjuvant intralesional cidofovir therapy for RRP would be valuable.