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The surface functionality of interacting components is determined by evaluating geometric surface structure. Hence, the ceramic femoral heads originated from precision machining were subject to measurement and analysis with regard to roughness, surface damages and deviation from roundness. A variety of measurement techniques were applied in order to thoroughly examine the product quality. The obtained results proved in accordance with the specification: Ra was not greater than 0.05 µm, whereas Δ was less than 10 µm (5 µm) when ceramic balls were used in conjunction with a polyethylene (ceramic) socket. Additionally, the surface damages which can affect the life of a friction pair were analyzed.

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The study was performed in order to evaluate quantity and morphology of nasal polyps in patients with diagnosed drug allergy to aspirin, antibiotics, polocain, procain and other drugs. The study included 60 patients (27 females, 33 males aged between 18-69 years). Nasal polyp morphology was examined under electron microscope and light microscope. Morphological evaluation of epithelial and subepithelial structures was done under light microscope, taking not of inflammatory infiltration type, basal membrane, as well as degree of intestinal edema. Evaluation of epithelial cell type, their relative proportion, as well as area percentage covered by cilium, microvilli and squamous epithelium was done under electron microscope. Polyps in patients with idiosyncrasy to polish aspirin and sodium metamizole (12 patients) featured increased eosinophilic infiltration, thickened basal membrane, with elevated eosinophil percentage differential count. The epithelial percentage area was covered by squamous cells without villi. Polyps associated with idiosyncrasy to polish aspirin differed morphology compared to polyps originality from patients allergic to other medications. On the other hand polyps from patients allergic to other drugs, such as: penicillin, procainamide were morphologically (electron light microscope, light microscope) similar to those polyps caused by inflammatory factors.

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42 patients (27 women and 15 men aged 14-65 years) suffering from atopic and non atopic rhinitis were submitted for 24 days to the subterraneo-therapy in salt chambers of Kinga Spa in Wieliczka during the exacerbation of their illness. 20 patients suffered from pollen or dust mites allergy and the next 22 patients from non atopic rhinitis with recurrent nasal polyposis. In the first week and at the end of the therapy rhinoscopy, peak nasal inspiratory flow and smell were evaluated as well as daily symptoms score was noted in each treated patient. The results of performed observations indicate that unrelatively to the type of the rhinitis: 1. the nasal symptoms (running nose, sneezing, block of the nose) resolved directly during the stay of the patient in the salt chamber but the more constant effect was visible with the time of the therapy. 2. an increase in the peak nasal expiratory flow was connected with the decrease of nasal mucosal edema, 3. the smell disturbances disappeared in the patients together with the decrease of mucosal edema. The observed changes seem to be connected with the influence of the salt chambers' microclimate on the cells osmolarity disturbances in the nasal mucosa provoked by the non infectious chronic inflammation.

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The studies were done among the school-children in 3 grammar schools (2 in the industrial and 1 in rural regions). Allergological examination (anamnesis, physical exam and skin prick tests with inhalants) were performed among the pupils suspected of the allergic disorders on the basis of the questionnaire analysis made in all school-children. The results were compared to the environmental air pollution in the school region. The frequency (4.9-7%) and the type of the allergic diseases were similar in all 3 schools. The most frequent allergens were pollen, mites and animal epithelia. In rural region familial predisposition to allergy was 2 times higher in pupils suffering from allergy. 70% of pupils suffering from allergy in the industrial regions had no familial predisposition to allergy.

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The purposes of this study were: 1) to compare silver solder joint strength using flame and electric soldering techniques, and 2) to determine the effect of tack welding and increasing metal-to-metal contact area prior to tack welding, on the tensile strength of silver solder joints. Six methods: (flame soldered; tack welded and flame soldered; increased contact area, tack welded, and flame soldered; electrosoldered; tack welded and electrosoldered; and increased contact area, tack welded, and electrosoldered) were used to produce 15 solder joints in each group. The tensile strength of the joints were tested with Instron Universal Testing Machine. Flame soldering resulted in joints with significantly higher tensile strength (P < or = 0.001). Tack welding had no significant effect on the tensile strength of the joints. Increasing the contact area had no significant effect on the tensile strength of tack welded electric soldered joints, but significantly weakened the flame soldered joints (P < or = 0.05).

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The authors recommended the use of an acrylic palatal button and .040 to .045 inch palatal wires as modifications to the palatal crib appliance. By enhancing the strength of the wire, and providing anterior support, these modifications can reduce the likelihood of the crib becoming embedded in the palatal soft tissues.

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The polypropylene-polyester prostheses were investigated in respect of their usefulness in cranioplasty. Experiments were performed upon 2 to 10 years old mongrels. It was stated that polypropylene-polyester prostheses did not produce any general reactions. X-ray examinations did not show any evidences of pathological changes in cranial bones adjoining the prosthesis. Histological investigations revealed slight inflammation and moderate foreign body reaction caused by the operation. The prosthesis had good mechanical resistance and it was well fixed in the place of implantation. Mechanical resistance and good tolerance may be the basis for the use of the prostheses in clinical cases.

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A 7-month-old boy with postnatal jaundice was operated upon at the age of 3 months for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis associated with water and electrolyte metabolism disturbances. During induction of anaesthesia cardiorespiratory arrest occurred. The child was resuscitated successfully. After the operation bilateral pneumonia developed. After 3 months of relatively good health signs of increased intracranial pressure developed with high-grade papilloedema. Ventriculography with subdurography demonstrated presence of an extensive subdural hygroma about 2 cm thick. One year after treatment the condition of the child and his development are completely satisfactory.

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