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INTRODUCTION: Populational aging and improved treatments for chronic non-communicable diseases extend life expectancy but not always quality of life. By 2060, 48 million people are expected to die of serious illnesses, and 83% of these deaths will occur in developing countries. Only 14% of those who needed palliative care receive it. AIM: To describe the methodological trends, thematic areas, populations studied, and future challenges in Latin American regions with respect to adult palliative care. METHODS: A scoping review of 60 articles from 2010 to 2019 in indexed journals in English, Spanish, and Portuguese was conducted. RESULTS: Most articles were from Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico. Patients, caregivers, healthcare professionals, and students constituted the primary study population. Quality of Life, knowledge, and costs of attention were also assessed. It appears that early palliative care improves the outcomes of patients, caregivers, and health care professionals, however, the disparity in palliative care services between Latin America, US, UK, Canada, and Spain is concerning. CONCLUSIONS: Globally, more palliative care is needed, especially in Latin America. However, there are not enough graduate palliative care programs. Academic palliative care education must be promoted. Communication between the interdisciplinary team, the patient, and the caregiver is critical. While the region's scientific literature output has improved, many knowledge gaps remain. For patients' sake, governments should regulate, create, and facilitate palliative care services.

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INTRODUCCIÓN: Los cuidadores familiares de personas con enfermedad crónica se ven enfrentados a cambios de orden individual, familiar y social, lo que afecta su calidad de vida y son expuestos a prácticas saludables y no saludables. OBJETIVO: Transferir el conocimiento generado en la línea de adopción de rol del cuidador de la persona con enfermedad crónica. METODOLOGÍA: Estrategia de Apropiación Social del Conocimiento (ASC) con enfoque de investigación participativa basada en la comunidad. Se contemplaron las siguientes fases: revisión y actualización de literatura científica, identificación de actores, diagnóstico situacional; planeación y desarrollo de la estrategia, y seguimiento. En Bogotá y Cajicá (Colombia), con cuidadores familiares de personas con condiciones crónicas. RESULTADOS: Se confirma la necesidad de dinamizar las redes a través de estrategias de ASC. Se realizaron grupos focales en donde se priorizaron 21 temáticas que fueron abordadas conjuntamente entre los cuidadores y los Jóvenes Talento. Aplicación del pre y postest del instrumento Rol en donde se evidenció un aumento en la adopción del rol. CONCLUSIONES: Se evidenció una constante retroalimentación bidireccional entre los Jóvenes Talento y los cuidadores participantes; contribuyendo a la generación de conocimiento teniendo como fundamentos la evidencia científica.

INTRODUCTION: Family caregivers of people with chronic diseases are faced with individual, family, and social changes that affect their quality of life and are exposed to healthy and unhealthy practices. OBJECTIVE. Transfer the knowledge gained in the process of adopting the role of the chronic illness patient's caregiver. METHODS: Social Knowledge Appropriation (SKA) strategy incorporating a community-based participatory research methodology. Consideration was given to the following phases: review and update of scientific literature, identification of actors, situational analysis, planning and development of the strategy, and follow-up. In Bogotá and Cajicá, with family caregivers of chronically ill patients. RESULTS confirm the need to energize networks with SKA strategies. Twenty-one topics were prioritized and discussed by caregivers and young talent in focus groups. Application of the pre- and post-test of the role instrument, which revealed an increase in role adoption. CONCLUSIONS: A constant bidirectional feedback was observed between the young talents and the participating caregivers, which contributed to the generation of scientifically based knowledge.

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Objetivo:describir las tendencias metodológicas, las poblaciones estudiadas y los desafíos futuros reportados en la literatura sobre lasobrecarga delcuidador familiar colombiano.Métodos:revisión sistemática exploratoria en donde se consultaron las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, Lilacs, Cuiden, SciELO, EBSCO y BVS, específicamente artículos originalespublicados del 2016 al 2021. Resultados:en 20 artículos revisados, se encontró una relación directa entre condiciones socioeconómicas y la sobrecarga del cuidador. El contexto cultural y las condiciones socioeconómicas son factores que influyen en la percepción de la sobrecarga del cuidador. Conclusiones:son necesarias las intervenciones de enfermeríadirigidasa los cuidadores familiares para mejorar su percepción de la sobrecarga y consecuentemente la calidad de vida

Objective: To describe methodological trends, populations studied, and future challenges reported in the literature on Colombian family caregivers' overburden. Methods: An exploratory systematic review using PubMed, ScienceDirect, LILACS, Cuiden, SciELO, EBSCO, and VHL databases was conducted, specifically original articles published between 2016 and 2021 were reviewed. Results:In 20 articles reviewed, a direct relationship was found between socioeconomic conditions and caregiver's overburden. Cultural context and socioeconomic conditions are factors that influence the perception of caregiver's overburden. Conclusions:Nursing interventions aimed at family caregivers are needed to improve their perception of overburden and, consequently, their quality of life

Objetivo:Descrever as tendências metodológicas, as populações estudadas e os desafios futuros relatados na literatura desobrecarga do cuidador familiar colombiano. Métodos:Revisão sistemática exploratória na qual foram consultadas as bases de dados PubMed, ScienceDirect, Lilacs, Cuiden, SciELO, EBSCO e BVS, com artigos originais, publicados de 2016 a 2021. Resultados:Em 20 artigos revisados, foi encontrada uma relação direta entre condições socioeconômicas e a sobrecarga do cuidador. O contexto cultural e as condições socioeconômicas são fatores que influenciam na percepção da sobrecarga do cuidador. Conclusões:As intervenções de enfermagem voltadas a cuidadores familiares são necessárias para melhorar sua percepção de sobrecarga e, consequentemente, sua qualidade de vida.

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Las enfermedades no transmisibles son un problema de salud pública que afecta los siste-mas de salud y carga las economías y la sociedad. Existen estrategias para la prevención de estas enfer-medades, como la apropiación social del conocimiento, por medio del empoderamiento de las comu-nidades y la mejora de sus indicadores en salud. El objetivo del artículo es describir las metodologías empleadas en el diseño de estrategias de apropiación social del conocimiento en salud en la prevención de enfermedades no transmisibles en adultos en el mundo. Materiales y métodos: revisión sistemática de artículos de estrategia de apropiación social del conocimiento en salud, buscados en las bases de datos Google Scholar, ovid, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, Medline, ebsco y SciELO. Los criterios de inclusión fue-ron publicaciones en revistas indexadas entre 2016 y 2021, en idioma inglés, portugués y español, con temáticas de intervenciones en salud. Resultados: se revisaron 39 artículos, 36 con diseño cualitativo, dos mixtos y uno transversal. El enfoque metodológico utilizado para el diseño de las estrategias fue la metodología de investigación participativa basada en la comunidad o community-based participatory research. Se establecieron cuatro fases comunes, tituladas diagnóstico comunitario, diseño de la inter-vención, implementación y evaluación. Conclusiones: la metodología indicada ha sido la más utilizada en población de alto riesgo social, económico y de salud. La tendencia investigativa permitió identificar la importancia del diagnóstico comunitario como puerta de entrada en el diseño, implementación y evaluación de las estrategias creadas conjuntamente.

Noncommunicable diseases are a public health issue that burdens health systems, econo-mies, and society. These diseases can be prevented by using several methods, such as the social appro-priation of knowledge, empowerment of communities, and improvement of their health indicators. This review seeks to describe the methodologies used in designing strategies for the social appropriation of health knowledge in the prevention of noncommunicable diseases in adults worldwide. Materials and methods: A systematic review of articles containing social appropriation of health knowledge strategy was made searching the following databases Google Scholar, ovid, Virtual Health Library, Medline, ebsco, and SciELO. With the following criteria: publications in journals indexed between 2016 and 2021; writ-ten in English, Portuguese, and Spanish; and addressing health intervention topics. Results: A total of 39 articles were reviewed, of which 36 were qualitative, 2 mixed, and 1 cross-sectional. The methodological approach used to develop the strategies was community-based participatory research (cbpr). Based on the characteristics shared by the various phases of the studies, four common characteristics were identi-fied: community diagnosis, intervention design, implementation, and evaluation. Conclusions: cbpr is the most widely used method for the social appropriation of health knowledge for the adult population, par-ticularly in populations at high social, economic, and health risks. The research trend made it possible to recognize the significance of community diagnosis as a stepping stone to the design, implementation, and evaluation of jointly developed strategies.

as doenças não transmissíveis são um problema de saúde pública que afeta os sistemas de saúde e sobrecarrega as economias e a sociedade. Existem estratégias para a prevenção dessas doenças como a apropriação social do conhecimento, por meio do empoderamento das comunidades e melhoria de seus indicadores de saúde. O objetivo é descrever as metodologias utilizadas no desenho de estraté-gias de apropriação social do conhecimento em saúde na prevenção de doenças não transmissíveis em adultos em todo o mundo. Materiais e métodos: revisão sistemática de artigos sobre a estratégia de apro-priação social do conhecimento em saúde. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Google acadêmico, ovid, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Medline, ebsco e SciELO. Os critérios de inclusão foram os seguintes: publicações em periódicos indexados entre 2016 e 2021, idioma inglês, português e espanhol e temas de intervenções em saúde. Resultados: foram revisados 39 artigos, 36 com delineamento qualitativo, 2 mistos e 1 transversal. A abordagem metodológica utilizada para desenhar as estratégias foi a metodo-logia de pesquisa participativa de base comunitária ou community-based participatory research (cbpr). Foram estabelecidas quatro fases comuns, intituladas diagnóstico comunitário, desenho de intervenção, implementação e avaliação. Conclusões: a metodologia cbpr tem sido a mais utilizada em uma população de alto risco social, econômico e de saúde. A tendência investigativa permitiu identificar a importância do diagnóstico comunitário como porta de entrada para o desenho, implementação e avaliação de estra-tégias criadas em conjunto.

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Multispectral imaging is at the forefront of contactless surface analysis. Standard multispectral imaging systems use sophisticated software, cameras and light filtering optics. This paper discloses the building of a customizable and cost-effective multispectral imaging and analysis system. It integrates a web camera, light emitting diodes (LEDs) lighting, a semisphere for even lightening, an open-source Arduino™ development board and a free Python application to automatically obtain and visually analyze multispectral images. The device is hereafter called MEDUSA and its optical performance was tested for repeated Imaging consistency, visible and near infrared band sensitivity and lighting evenness. Four proof of concept tests were run in order to understand the advantageous use of this system, as compared to a simple visual score of diverse samples. Each of three qualitative tests used sets of 12 LED band spectral images to analyze ink changes in a counterfeit bill, surface bruises on Hass avocado fruits and transient changes in petri dish grown bacterial colonies. A fourth test used single band imaging in a set of standard laboratory analyzed plant samples, to quantitatively relate a red band light reflectance to its nitrogen content. These tests indicate that MEDUSA made images may yield qualitative and quantitative spectral information unseen to the naked eye, suggesting potential use in currency counterfeit tests, food quality analyses, microbial phenotyping and agricultural plant chemistry. MEDUSA can be freely reproduced and customized from this research, making it a powerful and affordable analytical tool to analyze a wide range of subtle chemical properties in samples at industrial and science fields.