RESUMEN
Aim Recently, more and more dentists have found themselves engaging in the delivery of non-surgical facial aesthetics (NSFA) as part of their regular practice routine. NSFA is a growing field in aesthetic medicine that is practised by a range of clinicians including doctors, dentists and registered prescriber nurses and is an industry estimated to be worth over £3 billion in the UK alone. In the past few years, several public scandals in aesthetic medicine have prompted reactions by several bodies including the Government and Royal Colleges. With Health Education England (HEE) having recently released standards in education, it is clear that a shift in attitude towards training is imminent. With a large volume of dentists making up this NSFA workforce it is reasonable to consider the stance of undergraduate training and the relevance of the existing knowledge within dentistry in the context of the HEE standards.Method All dental schools in the UK were contacted to establish the range of subjects taught within the curriculum, with particular reference to those relevant to NSFA. The two largest aesthetic pharmacies were contacted regarding numbers of registered dentists they serve.Results Twelve out of 16 dental schools responded. Two-thirds of responding dental schools do not cover NSFA in their curricula. However, many dental schools cover related subjects including: facial anatomy/material science/neuromuscular junction physiology (100%), anatomy of the aging face (66%), pharmacology of botulinum toxin (25%) and ethical-legal implications of aesthetic dentistry/NSFA (50%/42% respectively).Conclusion Dentists are well placed to deliver NSFA given their background in relevant subjects and surgical training. With the emergence and growth of such a large multi-disciplinary field it is crucial that dentistry is not left behind. Just as most dental schools have embraced the evolution of cosmetic dentistry and implantology, it would be prudent to consider that training standards around NSFA are reflected in both undergraduate curricula and appropriate post-graduate clinical training for dentistry.
Asunto(s)
Educación en Odontología/métodos , Estética/educación , Cara , Curriculum , Estética Dental , Humanos , Reino UnidoRESUMEN
In 2010, King's College Hospital in London was designated as a major trauma centre. To deal with the increasing number of patients, an integrated oral and maxillofacial team of the week was established in 2012 to provide a consultant-led, emergency service dedicated to acute care, and it was anticipated that this would reduce the duration of stay by 0.3 bed-days. To assess the effect of the new system, we compared the duration of stay between 1 October and 31 January 2011-2012 with the same period in 2012-2013. We also assessed the activity and training of registrars, and the department's perception of the post of trauma registrar. The mean total duration of stay had decreased significantly by 0.84 days (p=0.03), the mean delay to operation had decreased by 0.3 days, and the mean postoperative stay had decreased by 0.5 days. During one week, the trauma registrar did 12 operations at various sites in the hospital. The new system was a cost-effective way of improving emergency OMFS care and it can be recommended to other centres with similar profiles.
Asunto(s)
Grupo de Atención al Paciente/organización & administración , Cirugía Bucal , Centros Traumatológicos/organización & administración , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Tiempo de Internación/estadística & datos numéricos , Londres , Masculino , Sistema de Registros , Estudios Retrospectivos , Recursos HumanosRESUMEN
Several alkylation-inducible genes have been identified by construction of Mu-d1 (Apr lac) fusions to genes whose expression is increased in response to alkylation treatment, but not UV treatment. We have examined the induction of 4 different alkylation-inducible genes by treatment with a variety of methylating and ethylating agents, and a propylating agent. We have compared the induction of the alkylation-inducible genes with the induction of the sulA gene, which is a component of the SOS response to DNA damage. We find that the Ada-regulated adaptive response genes (ada-alkB, alkA and aidB) are induced primarily in response to methylation treatment. The ada-independent aidC gene is induced upon treatment with agents that alkylate predominantly by SN1 nucleophilic attack. aidC induction occurs only when cells are not aerated during treatment. The SOS response, as indicated by sulA induction, is strongly induced by all types of alkylating agents used.