RESUMEN
The behavior of 643 pedestrians and 1749 motorists at two signal-controlled intersections was observed over a 2-mo. period of observation in March and November. One intersection had a coffin-shaped traffic sign with the wording "Fatality" erected during the first month of observation (March). The second intersection was identical in traffic and pedestrian volume but lacked a "Fatality" sign in either March or November. "Fatality" signs are erected and maintained by the City of Edmonton for 6 mo. whenever a pedestrian death has occurred, and they are intended to raise the awareness of both pedestrians and motorists concerning the risks at dangerous intersections. This sign had been removed for nearly 3 mo. when a follow-up observation was made in November. While female pedestrians and pedestrians over the age of 50 years showed greater caution at both intersections, the presence or absence of the "Fatality" sign had no statistically significant influence on safety. Similarly, the presence or absence of a sign did not significantly influence motorists' behavior. Of motorists 7.6% ran either amber or red traffic control lights at the two intersections. The "Fatality" sign did not affect the rates of these violations.
Asunto(s)
Accidentes de Tránsito/estadística & datos numéricos , Conducción de Automóvil/psicología , Simbolismo , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Asunción de RiesgosRESUMEN
Positivism has been declared dead in sociological theory circles, yet questions remain as to its viability among researchers. The authors present diagnostic evidence about positivism in sociological practice through a content analysis of journal articles published in the late 1960s and the late 1980s in the sociological journals of the USA and Britain. Using an index based on seven elements of positivism that were characteristic of the 'theory construction' movement of the late 1960s, the authors find evidence of the effects of time and nation on the use of positivism. Disaggregation of the index reveals that most of the observed change is associated with the elements of 'instrumental' positivism, particularly statistics. The results raise questions about the relationship between theory and research and about sociologists' philosophies of science.