RESUMEN

This study aims to explore how often the operating list is changed on the day of surgery and the reasons why this may occur. The purpose was to analyse the wider potential impact that changing the list on the day of surgery may have on patient safety, patient satisfaction and theatre efficiency. Survey data was collected across a multi-specialty elective operating department. The findings demonstrated that a significant change in operating lists occurred in 37.3% of sessions, for a variety of potentially avoidable reasons. We concluded that improved organisation and communication before the planned session could reduce the occurrence of changes, thereby increasing patient safety, theatre efficiency and potentially reducing incidents.

Asunto(s)

Citas y Horarios , Errores Médicos/prevención & control , Quirófanos/organización & administración , Calidad de la Atención de Salud , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Electivos/métodos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Electivos/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Proyectos Piloto , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos/métodos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Operativos/estadística & datos numéricos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Reino Unido

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Most incidences of basal cell carcinoma are cured by a number of surgical or non-surgical treatments. However, a few patients have lesions which have metastasized or progressed to an extent that surgery or other treatment options are not possible. The lesions associated with advanced basal cell carcinoma (aBCC) can be disfiguring, affecting patients' psychological state, general quality-of-life (QoL), and potentially life expectancy. The objective of this study was to capture societal utility values for health states related to aBCC, using the time trade-off (TTO) methodology. METHODS: Nine health states were developed with input from expert clinicians and literature. States included: complete response (CR), post-surgical, partial response (PR) (with differing sized lesions [2 or 6 cm]), stable disease (SD) (with differing size and number of lesions [2 or 6 cm, or multiple 2 cm]) and progressive disease (PD) (with differing sized lesions [2 or 6 cm]). A representative sample of 100 members of the UK general public participated in the valuation exercise. The TTO method was used to derive utility values based upon subjects' responses to decision scenarios; between living in the health state for 10 years or living in a state of full health for 10-x years. RESULTS: Mean utility scores were calculated for each state. The least burdensome state as valued by subjects was CR (mean = 0.94; SD = 0.08), suggesting only a minimal impact on QoL. The state valued as having a greatest impact on QoL was PD, with a 6 cm lesion (mean = 0.67, SD = 0.25). LIMITATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS: Not all possible presentations of aBCC were included; the disease is a challenging condition to characterise given its rarity, the nature of the patients affected, and its variable progression. Findings suggest that aBCC is associated with significant burden for individuals, even when their disease is stable or where surgical treatment has been successful.

Asunto(s)

Actitud Frente a la Salud , Carcinoma Basocelular , Estado de Salud , Neoplasias Cutáneas , Adulto , Carcinoma Basocelular/patología , Carcinoma Basocelular/psicología , Carcinoma Basocelular/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Investigación Cualitativa , Calidad de Vida , Neoplasias Cutáneas/patología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/psicología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/terapia , Reino Unido , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

The Welsh Food Microbiological Forum "shopping basket" survey is a long running, structured surveillance program examining ready-to-eat food randomly sampled from the point of sale or service in Wales, United Kingdom. The annual unsatisfactory rates for selected indicators and pathogens for 1998 through 2008 were examined. All the annual unsatisfactory rates for the selected pathogens were <0.5%, and no pattern with the annual rate was observed. There was also no discernible trend observed for the annual rates of Listeria spp. (not moncytogenes), with all rates <0.5%. However, there was a trend observed for Esherichia coli, with a decrease in rate between 1998 and 2003, rapid in the first few years, and then a gradual increase in rate up to 2008. It was concluded that there was no discernible pattern to the annual unsatisfactory rates for Listeria spp. (not monocytogenes), L. monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus, but that a definite trend had been observed for E. coli.

Asunto(s)

Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Comida Rápida/microbiología , Análisis de los Alimentos , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Seguridad de Productos para el Consumidor , Microbiología de Alimentos , Humanos , Vigilancia de la Población , Gales

RESUMEN

A survey of Listeria in ready-to-eat food took place in Wales, United Kingdom, between February 2008 and January 2009. In total, 5,840 samples were taken and examined for the presence of Listeria species, including L. monocytogenes. Samples were tested using detection and enumeration methods, and the results were compared with current United Kingdom guidelines for the microbiological quality of ready-to-eat foods. The majority of samples were negative for Listeria by both direct plating and enriched culture. Seventeen samples (0.29%) had countable levels of Listeria species (other than L. monocytogenes), and another 11 samples (0.19%) had countable levels of L. monocytogenes. Nine samples (0.15%) were unsatisfactory or potentially hazardous when compared with United Kingdom guideline limits; six (0.10%) were in the unsatisfactory category (>100 CFU/g) for Listeria species (other than L. monocytogenes), and three (0.05%) were in the unacceptable or potentially hazardous category (>100 CFU/g) for L. monocytogenes. All three of these samples were from sandwiches (two chicken sandwiches and one ham-and-cheese sandwich). The most commonly isolated serotype of L. monocytogenes was 1/2a. This survey was used to determine the current prevalence of Listeria species and L. monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods sampled from the point of sale in Wales.

Asunto(s)

Seguridad de Productos para el Consumidor , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Listeria monocytogenes/aislamiento & purificación , Productos de la Carne/microbiología , Productos Avícolas/microbiología , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Microbiología de Alimentos , Humanos , Prevalencia , Gales/epidemiología

RESUMEN

AIM: To evaluate simulation strategies used for adult branch nursing students in one university. METHOD: A questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data and open comments (qualitative data). The evaluation was completed by 45 of a group of 60 second-year diploma nursing students. FINDINGS: There was widespread agreement that simulation is a productive learning strategy that broadens theoretical learning and supports the practice element of nurse education. Areas commented on included developing confidence, individual support and linking theory to practice. CONCLUSION: Simulation supports the practical learning experience. It will neither take the place of traditional methods of teaching nor replace good practice experience for nursing students, but can support both elements of nurse education.

Asunto(s)

Actitud del Personal de Salud , Competencia Clínica , Bachillerato en Enfermería/organización & administración , Maniquíes , Estudiantes de Enfermería/psicología , Adulto , Dolor en el Pecho/enfermería , Retroalimentación Psicológica , Humanos , Evaluación en Enfermería , Investigación en Educación de Enfermería , Investigación Metodológica en Enfermería , Teoría de Enfermería , Evaluación de Programas y Proyectos de Salud , Investigación Cualitativa , Autoeficacia , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Materiales de Enseñanza

RESUMEN

A survey of the general microbiological quality of ready-to-eat food served in schools was undertaken across Wales, United Kingdom. Of the 2,351 samples taken, four were identified as containing unsatisfactory counts of Escherichia coli, four contained unsatisfactory counts of Staphylococcus aureus, and one contained an unacceptable count of Bacillus cereus when compared with guidelines for the microbiological quality of ready-to-eat food published by the United Kingdom Public Health Laboratory Service in 2000. No samples contained detectable levels of Salmonella, Listeria species, or Clostridium perfringens. When compared with data on the general microbiological quality of food available in Wales, the food sampled from schools was of relatively better microbiological quality.

Asunto(s)

Análisis de los Alimentos/métodos , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Servicios de Alimentación/normas , Instituciones Académicas , Bacillus cereus/aislamiento & purificación , Niño , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Seguridad de Productos para el Consumidor , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Microbiología de Alimentos , Humanos , Control de Calidad , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación , Gales

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to relate serum immunoglobulin G2 subclass levels in a large paediatric population with cystic fibrosis, to clinical status and antibody levels to Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae and to observe any changes over a 2-year period. IgG subclasses were measured in 131 patients. Results were compared with levels from age-related normal population data. The following clinical data were collected at baseline and 2 years later; genotype: height, weight, and BMI z-scores: FEV1 (as percent predicted): Shwachman-Kulczcyki and Northern chest X-ray scores: Pseudomonas aeruginosa status. Antibody levels to H. influenzae type b and S. pneumoniae measured at baseline were related to IgG2 level. There was a reduction in the prevalence of low levels of IgG2 from 29% to 10% over the 2-year period. Low levels of IgG2 were not associated with any decline in clinical well-being. Low levels of IgG2 alone were associated with low antibody levels to S. pneumoniae. Low levels of IgG2 and low levels of antibody to H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae were not associated with any decline in clinical well-being. Children with high levels of IgG2 had worse lung function, worse Shwachman-Kulczcyki and Northern chest X-ray scores and higher levels of P. aeruginosa infection. Children with low IgG2 levels were not worse clinically compared to those with normal or high IgG2 levels. High IgG2 levels were associated with a worse clinical status.

Asunto(s)

Fibrosis Quística/inmunología , Vacunas contra Haemophilus/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Vacunas Neumococicas/inmunología , Adolescente , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios de Cohortes , Fibrosis Quística/sangre , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/inmunología , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/inmunología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/inmunología

RESUMEN

Since 1995, the publicly funded ready-to-eat food sampling and examination activities in Wales have been coordinated and structured, using a novel approach for the identification of samples and premises. The latest set of data from this surveillance system reports the results from 3391 ready-to-eat foods sampled between November 2003 and March 2005. During this seventeen-month period all samples were examined for aerobic colony count, Escherichia coli, Listeria spp., Bacillus cereus, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. The food types with the poorest microbiological quality were cream cakes, custard slices and egg mayonnaise sandwiches. The food type with the best microbiological quality was dried fruit. In conclusion, the results indicate that, in general terms, the ready-to-eat food types sampled and examined in this period posed little bacterial hazard to consumers.

Asunto(s)

Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Microbiología de Alimentos , Alimentos/normas , Bacillus cereus/aislamiento & purificación , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Seguridad de Productos para el Consumidor , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Análisis de los Alimentos , Humanos , Listeria/aislamiento & purificación , Salmonella/aislamiento & purificación , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación , Gales

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to report serum immunoglobulin (Ig) and IgG subclass levels in a large pediatric population with cystic fibrosis, and relate these to measures of disease severity. Total immunoglobulin levels were measured in 154 patients, and IgG subclass levels were measured in 136 patients and compared to age-related normal population data and to levels reported in previously published studies of children with cystic fibrosis. Clinical data were also collected: genotype; height, weight, and BMI standard deviation scores; FEV(1) (as percent predicted); Shwachmann-Kulczycki (S-K) and Northern chest X-ray scores; and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection status. The clinical well-being of patients with hypo- or hyper-gammaglobulinemia was compared with age- and sex-matched control patients who had normal levels of gammaglobulin. IgG subclass levels were measured, and the results were compared with previous studies. Eleven patients had hypergammaglobulinemia (7.8% compared with 0-69% in the published literature). Patients with hypergammaglobulinemia had lower FEV(1) percent-predicted values, and worse S-K and Northern chest X-ray scores than controls. Three patients had hypogammaglobulinemia (1.9% compared with 0-10.8% in the published literature). There was no difference in any clinical parameter between controls and those with hypogammaglobulinemia. Nineteen patients (14%) had low levels of IgG1, and 40 patients (29%) had low levels of IgG2. The low percentage of patients with abnormally high immunoglobulin levels probably reflects the improved respiratory status of today's children with CF. The low percentage of those with low IgG probably reflects better nutritional status. The finding of worse lung function and clinical scores in patients with hypergammaglobulinemia agrees with the published literature. The high percentage of patients with low IgG2 was unexpected and was not previously reported. The clinical significance of this in patients with CF is unknown.

Asunto(s)

Fibrosis Quística/sangre , Hospitales de Condado , Hospitales Pediátricos , Inmunoglobulinas/sangre , Adolescente , Agammaglobulinemia/sangre , Agammaglobulinemia/epidemiología , Agammaglobulinemia/etiología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Niño , Preescolar , Fibrosis Quística/complicaciones , Fibrosis Quística/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Hospitales de Condado/estadística & datos numéricos , Hospitales Pediátricos/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Hipergammaglobulinemia/sangre , Hipergammaglobulinemia/epidemiología , Hipergammaglobulinemia/etiología , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Lactante , Masculino , Nefelometría y Turbidimetría , Prevalencia , Pronóstico , Radiografía Torácica , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Reino Unido/epidemiología

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity and accuracy of temporal bone CT findings for the diagnosis of acute coalescent mastoiditis. DESIGN: CT scans were blindly scored for mastoid bone integrity (air cell septae, sigmoid cortical plate, and lateral cortical wall) by an otologist and 2 neuroradiologists. Scores were analyzed to determine their sensitivity and specificity for acute coalescent mastoiditis. SUBJECTS: Twenty-one patients with acute coalescent mastoiditis or acute noncoalescent mastoiditis and 12 patients with chronic mastoiditis. SETTING: Academic tertiary care facility. RESULTS: Pair-wise interobserver agreement was good to excellent (kappa = 0.4 to 0.83) for the sigmoid plate, the lateral cortex, and the septae. Scores for the sigmoid plate were significantly greater (indicative of greater bone destruction) in the coalescent group than in either the noncoalescent group or the chronic group (P < 0.05). Within the coalescent group, scores were highest for the sigmoid plate, followed by the septae and the lateral wall. Sensitivity and specificity for coalescent mastoiditis were both highest for the sigmoid plate (67% and 90%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Erosion of the cortical plate overlying the sigmoid sinus is the most sensitive and specific CT finding for distinguishing coalescent from noncoalescent acute mastoiditis.

Asunto(s)

Mastoiditis/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Enfermedad Aguda , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad Crónica , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Drenaje , Humanos , Mastoiditis/clasificación , Mastoiditis/complicaciones , Mastoiditis/terapia , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Método Simple Ciego

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Canalplasty to prevent accumulation of squamous debris has been proposed as an alternative to tympanoplasty for the treatment of tympanic membrane atelectasis and early cholesteatoma. The goal of this article is to report our experience with canalplasty for the treatment of advanced middle ear atelectasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on all patients that underwent tympanoplasty or canalplasty at the University of Florida since 1992. Eight ears (seven patients) with severe atelectasis were found to have been treated with canalplasty (without middle ear reconstruction) to marsupialize the retraction pockets. RESULTS: Follow-up was conducted at an average of 22 months. Four ears required repeat surgical intervention after an average of 12 months: three required canal wall down mastoidectomies for cholesteatoma, and a tympanoplasty was necessary in one case for persistent perforation. Four ears not requiring revision were without cholesteatoma or perforation at an average follow-up time of 26 months. Mean audiometric thresholds were stable or improved, irrespective of the need for revision surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Canalplasty may be an alternative for the treatment of atelectasis in selected patients; however, close follow-up after surgery is necessary because of the potential for progression to cholesteatoma.

Asunto(s)

Colesteatoma del Oído Medio/prevención & control , Conducto Auditivo Externo/cirugía , Membrana Timpánica/cirugía , Adolescente , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Timpanoplastia

RESUMEN

Bulk crystallization is emerging as a new industrial operation for protein recovery. Characterization of bulk protein crystallization is more complex than protein crystallization for structural study where single crystals are grown in flow cells. This is because both nucleation and crystal growth processes are taking place while the supersaturation falls. An algorithm is presented to characterize crystallization using the rates of the two kinetic processes, nucleation and growth. The values of these rates allow ready comparison of the crystallization process under different operating conditions. The crystallization, via adjustment to the isoelectric pH of a fungal lipase from clarified fermentation broth, is described for a batch stirred reactor. A maximum nucleation rate of five to six crystals formed per microliter of suspension per second and a high power dependency ( approximately 11) on the degree of supersaturation were found. The suspended protein crystals were found to grow at a rate of up to 15-20 nm/s and also to exhibit a high power dependency ( approximately 6) of growth rate on the degree of supersaturation.

Asunto(s)

Proteínas Fúngicas/química , Lipasa/química , Cristalización , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida/métodos , Fermentación , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Cinética , Lipasa/metabolismo , Modelos Químicos , Solubilidad

RESUMEN

The Alamar Blue™ reduction assay is used as an indicator of cellular viability in in vitro tests for the prediction of ocular irritancy. Alamar Blue itself has a low cytotoxicity, so repeat exposure and recovery studies can be performed on the same cells. This paper contains the results of a preliminary investigation of interactions between the Alamar Blue dye and a confluent monolayer of epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. This was performed by using an experimental fluorescence microscope and differential phase confocal microscope designed for studying live samples in vitro. The initiation of Alamar Blue reduction to its fluorescent product did not occur at the same time in all cells, but started in a small number and spread progressively through their immediate neighbours. There was clear localisation of the reduced (fluorescent) Alamar Blue within the nuclei and other organelles.

RESUMEN

A reproducible method has been developed for studying calcium oxalate crystallization from fresh, minimally diluted (92%) urine with the mixed suspension mixed product removal continuous crystallization technique. All samples were adjusted to give the same starting calcium and oxalate concentrations. Twenty-one recurrent male stone formers were compared with twenty-two healthy controls. There was no difference in crystal growth rates but crystal nucleation rates were much higher in the control group (p = 0.003). Using growth rate and nucleation rate results, the amount of crystalline material in suspension was shown to be lower in the urine from stone formers, and therefore the equilibrium supersaturation in the crystallizer was lower in the control group (p = 0.001). We propose that the ability of a healthy person's urine to maintain a lower supersaturation is a crucial protective factor distinguishing non-stone formers from stone formers.

Asunto(s)

Oxalato de Calcio/química , Cristalografía/instrumentación , Cálculos Urinarios/química , Oxalato de Calcio/orina , Cristalización , Humanos , Cinética , Masculino , Concentración Osmolar , Recurrencia , Suspensiones , Cálculos Urinarios/orina

RESUMEN

gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (GLA) is an amino acid with a high affinity for calcium. It is found in urine both as the free amino acid and incorporated into proteins such as osteocalcin. Free and bound GLA have been reported to be found at higher concentrations in the urine of stone formers than controls. We have investigated the effect of GLA and calcium, at physiological levels, on the crystallisation of calcium oxalate using a mixed suspension mixed product removal continuous crystalliser. GLA caused very significant changes in the crystallisation kinetics, but the effect was dependent on the calcium concentration. At 4 mM calcium, GLA decreased the growth rate and increased the nucleation rate; at 12 mM the reverse occurred. At all concentrations of calcium tested, GLA caused a significantly increased crystal mass to be produced. Our evidence supports the hypothesis that GLA modifies calcium oxalate crystallisation and could be a promoter of stone formation in vivo, particularly at moderately elevated levels of calcium excretion.

Asunto(s)

Ácido 1-Carboxiglutámico/química , Oxalato de Calcio/química , Calcio/química , Cristalización , Orina

RESUMEN

The effect of glycosaminoglycans on urinary stone formation was evaluated using a mixed suspension, mixed product removal (MSMPR) crystallisation system together with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine the resulting crystals. Chondroitin sulphate was found to decrease the nucleation rate and to promote both the growth rate and suspension density. Results obtained with hyaluronic acid, although inconclusive, are similar to those given by chondroitin sulphate. Heparin sodium salt had a powerful inhibitory effect on both the nucleation rate and the suspension density, the effect increasing in proportion to the heparin concentration. SEM examination showed that the octahedral habit of calcium oxalate dihydrate was modified by the addition of heparin sodium salt and confirmed that the average crystal size in the presence of chondroitin sulphate and hyaluronic acid was significantly greater than the control or that found in the presence of heparin sodium salt.

Asunto(s)

Oxalato de Calcio , Glicosaminoglicanos , Sulfatos de Condroitina , Cristalización , Heparina , Ácido Hialurónico , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of magnesium on calcium oxalate crystal formation, both in physiological conditions and at slightly higher oxalate concentrations, using a mixed suspension mixed product removal crystallizer and scanning electron microscopy. True supersaturation ratios were calculated by allowing for complexation in solution. Magnesium inhibited the nucleation rate at all oxalate concentrations. It also inhibited the growth rate at oxalate concentrations of less than approximately 2.0 mmol/l but promoted the growth rate at higher concentrations. This suggests that, provided the oxalate concentration is sufficiently high, increase of magnesium concentration can increase the crystal growth rate. At physiological concentrations of oxalate, however, magnesium decreases both nucleation and growth rates. The SEM photographs showed that the predominant crystal was calcium oxalate trihydrate at low magnesium concentrations, with calcium oxalate dihydrate being observed in larger quantities at high magnesium concentrations.

Asunto(s)

Oxalato de Calcio , Magnesio , Cálculos Urinarios/etiología , Cristalización , Humanos , Cinética , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Modelos Biológicos

RESUMEN

Fresh urine samples from stone formers (SF) and normal subjects (N) were rapidly evaporated at 37 degrees C to 1200 mosmol/kgH2O and the particle size distribution of the formed particles studied by Coulter Counter and chemical methods. No significant difference was found between the two groups in their relative supersaturation of calcium oxalate at the point of spontaneous precipitation. SF and N urines seem to have an equal driving force for particle precipitation. The major difference between them was in the volume of particles with diameters greater than 11.4 microns. SF urines showed an approximately 5-fold increase in total particle volume (after evaporation) and N urines had about a 2-fold increase over the volume in the freshly voided urine samples. The total volume of large particles (greater than 11.4 micron) increased more than 7-fold in SF urine while only a 2-fold increase was detected in the normal urines after evaporation.

Asunto(s)

Oxalato de Calcio/orina , Cálculos Renales/orina , Adulto , Cristalización , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tamaño de la Partícula , Recurrencia

RESUMEN

This paper describes in vitro studies on the generation of supersaturation and the early stages of calcium oxalate (CaOx) precipitation using a reverse osmosis hollow-fiber membrane to simulate the precipitation processes occurring in the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting system of the kidney. The article reports on the preliminary results of using a plug-flow configuration to simulate the reabsorption of water and generation of supersaturation during the approximately three-minute biological residence time of the urine in the upper part of the urinary tract. The results suggest that microcrystallization of CaOx . 2H2O in the renal tubules may play a role in stone formation processes. A survey of the effect of various inhibitors of CaOx precipitation indicates that pyrophosphate, magnesium, glutamic acid, heparin and citric acid reduce the tendency of CaOx crystals formed to agglomerate in this system.

Asunto(s)

Oxalato de Calcio/metabolismo , Precipitación Química , Cristalización , Cálculos Renales/metabolismo , Túbulos Renales/metabolismo

RESUMEN

We evaluated the effect of a range of physiological concentrations of magnesium on calcium oxalate crystallization from artificial urine in a continuous mixed suspension mixed product removal crystallizer at 37C. Magnesium was found to decrease both the growth and nucleation rates of calcium oxalate crystals in the simulated renal environment.

Asunto(s)

Oxalato de Calcio , Magnesio , Cristalización , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo