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Background and study aims: Endoscopy plays an essential role in managing patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), as it allows us to visualize and assess the severity of the disease. As such assessments are not always objective, different scores have been devised to standardize the findings. The main aim of this study was to assess the interobserver variability between the Mayo Endoscopy Score (MES), Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopy Index of Severity (UCEIS) and Ulcerative Colitis Colonoscopy Index of Severity (UCCIS) analyzing the severity of the endoscopic lesions in patients with ulcerative colitis. Patients and methods: This was a single-cohort observational study in which a colonoscopy was carried out on patients with UC, as normal clinical practice, and a video was recorded. The results from the video were classified according to the MES, UCEIS and UCCIS by three endoscopic specialists independently, and they were compared to each other. The Mayo Endoscopy Score (MES) was used to assess the clinical situation of the patient. The therapeutic impact was analyzed after colonoscopy was carried out. Results: Sixty-seven patients were included in the study. The average age was 51 (SD ±â€Š16.7) and the average MES was 3.07 (SD ±â€Š2.54). The weighted Kappa index between endoscopists A and B for the MES was 0.8; between A and C 0.52; and between B and C 0.49. The intraclass correlation coefficient for UCEIS was 0.92 among the three endoscopists (CI 95 %: 0.83-0.96) and 0.96 for UCCIS among the three endoscopists (CI 95 % 0.94-0.97). A change in treatment for 34.3 % of the patients was implemented on seeing the results of the colonoscopy. Conclusions: There was an adequate, but not perfect, correlation between the different endoscopists for MES, UCEIS, UCCIS. This was higher with the last two scores. Thus, there is still some subjectivity to be minimized through special training, on assessing the seriousness of the endoscopic lesions in patients with UC.

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INTRODUCCIÓN: la endoscopia tiene un papel fundamental en el manejo de los pacientes con colitis ulcerosa (CU), ya que permite la visualización y evaluación de la gravedad de la enfermedad. No obstante, dicha evaluación no es siempre algo objetivo, por lo que se han desarrollado diferentes escalas que pretenden homogeneizar los hallazgos. Objetico: el objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la variabilidad interobservador entre el Índice de Mayo Endoscópico (IME) y el Índice de Severidad Endoscópica de la Colitis Ulcerosa (UCEIS), al analizar la gravedad de las lesiones endoscópicas en pacientes con CU. El objetivo secundario fue analizar si la preparación catártica afectaba al grado de concordancia entre los endoscopistas. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: se trata de un estudio observacional comparativo de una única cohorte a la cual se realiza una colonoscopia bajo guía de práctica clínica habitual a pacientes con CU y se estadifica según el IME y el UCEIS por tres endoscopistas expertos. Para valorar el grado de correlación interobservador se utilizaron el índice de Kappa para el IME y el coeficiente de correlación intraclase para el UCEIS. Se incluyeron 67 pacientes, con edad media de 51 años (DE ± 16,7) e índice de Mayo clínico medio de 3,07 (DE ± 2,54). RESULTADOS: el índice de Kappa ponderado entre los endoscopistas A y B para el IME fue de 0,8; entre el A y el C, de 0,52; y entre el B y el C, de 0,49. Para el UCEIS, el coeficiente de correlación intraclase fue del 0,922 entre los tres endoscopistas (IC 95 %: 0,832-0,959). Se encontró una mejor correlación interobservador cuando la preparación catártica era ≥ 8 según la escala de Boston. CONCLUSIÓN: existe, por tanto, una superior correlación entre los diferentes endoscopistas para el UCEIS que para el IME, por lo que debería ser considerado como el mejor índice a utilizar en la práctica clínica. Una buena preparación catártica es importante para mejorar la correlación interobservador

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INTRODUCTION: endoscopy plays an essential role in the management of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), as it allows us to visualize and assess the severity of the disease. Different scores have been devised to standardize the findings because such assessments are not always objective. AIMS: the aim of this study was to assess the interobserver variability between the Index of Mayo Endoscopy (IME) and the Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopy Index of Severity (UCEIS), analyzing the severity of the endoscopic lesions in patients with UC. The secondary aim was to analyze if the cathartic preparation affected the degree of concordance amongst the endoscopists. MATERIAL AND METHODS: this was a single-cohort observational, comparative study in which a colonoscopy was performed in patients with UC, as the normal clinical practice. The results were classified according to the IME and the UCEIS by three endoscopic specialists. In order to assess the degree of interobserver correlation, the Kappa index for IME was used and the intraclass correlation coefficient was used for UCEIS. RESULTS: sixty-seven patients were included in the study. The average age was 51 (SD ± 16.7) and the average Mayo Clinic index was 3.07 (SD ± 2.54). The weighted Kappa index between endoscopists A and B for the IME was 0.8, 0.52 between A and C and 0.49 between B and C. The intraclass correlation coefficient for UCEIS was 0.922 between the three endoscopists (95 % CI: 0.832-0.959). A better interobserver correlation was found when the cathartic preparation was ≥ 8 based on the Boston Scale. CONCLUSIONS: there was a higher correlation between the different endoscopists for the UCEIS than for the IME. Thus, this should be considered to be the best index to use in the clinical practice. A good cleansing preparation is important to improve the interobserver correlation.

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Acute abdomen secondary to intestinal impactation due to ingestion of foreign body is a rare entity. We report a 73-year-old male patient who presented ileal perforation due to ingestion of a fishbone.

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CD81, the scavenger receptor-BI (SR-BI) and the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) are involved in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) hepatitis C virus (HCV) entry. To investigate if these molecules are altered by HCV, 20 controls and 66 patients: 37 untreated and 29 sustained virological responders, were studied. CD81 and LDLR expression, measured the percentage of cells expressing the HCV-receptors and their mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), was analyzed on lymphocytes and monocytes, as well as SR-BI on monocytes by flow cytometry. RNA was extracted from PBMCs and detection of the HCV-RNA positive and negative strands was performed by strand-specific RT-PCR. A statistically significant increase of CD81 expression was observed on lymphocytes, a higher percentage of LDLR on lymphocytes and monocytes, as well as SR-BI on monocytes was found in the patients as compared to the controls (P < 0.05 in all cases). Untreated patients showed a higher percentage of LDLR(+) lymphocytes than sustained virological responders (P = 0.025). Nineteen sustained virological responders bore the HCV-RNA positive strand in PBMCs; nine of them the negative strand too. Sustained virological responders with occult infection and viral replication, showed a higher expression of LDLR on lymphocytes (P < 0.05) and a higher LDLR MFI on monocytes (P = 0.011) than those without viral replication. In conclusion, HCV exposure modifies expression levels of the receptors studied, being LDLR related with HCV replication, not only in the classic but also in the occult infection.

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Visceral artery aneurysms are rare vascular lesions. Hepatic aneurysms are the second most common type of visceral aneurysm after those of the splenic artery. These aneurysms often have a nonspecific clinical presentation and are difficult to diagnose before rupture. Because the natural course of hepatic aneurysms leads to rupture, with a high rate of morbidity and mortality, their early diagnosis is essential for surgical correction. We report a case of obstructive jaundice caused by a 7-cm gastroduodenal artery aneurysm in which the diagnosis was suggested by abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiography and was confirmed by angiography. The patient was surgically treated. In the following 48 h he presented ischemic-based acute hepatic failure and underwent left hepatic lobe resection. The patient finally died from a pulmonary thromboembolism.

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Los aneurismas viscerales son lesiones vasculares raras. Los aneurismas hepáticos constituyen la segunda causa tras los esplénicos. Los aneurismas hepáticos presentan a menudo un cuadro clínico inespecífico y son difíciles de diagnosticar antes de su rotura. Debido a su frecuente rotura, con el alto índice de morbilidad y mortalidad que ello conlleva, es necesario hacer un diagnóstico precoz para una instauración posterior del tratamiento quirúrgico. Describimos un caso de ictericia obstructiva causado por un aneurisma de la arteria gastroduodenal de 7 cm, que se sospechó a raíz de la realización de una tomografía computarizada abdominal y una colangiorresonancia, y se confirmó mediante angiografía. El paciente fue tratado quirúrgicamente. En las 48 h siguientes presentó una isquemia del lóbulo hepático izquierdo, por lo que fue reintervenido para realizar una resección hepática, y finalmente falleció por un tromboembolismo pulmonar

Visceral artery aneurysms are rare vascular lesions. Hepatic aneurysms are the second most common type of visceral aneurysm after those of the splenic artery. These aneurysms often have a nonspecific clinical presentation and are difficult to diagnose before rupture. Because the natural course of hepatic aneurysms leads to rupture, with a high rate of morbidity and mortality, their early diagnosis is essential for surgical correction. We report a case of obstructive jaundice caused by a 7-cm gastroduodenal artery aneurysm in which the diagnosis was suggested by abdominal computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiography and was confirmed by angiography. The patient was surgically treated. In the following 48 h he presented ischemic-based acute hepatic failure and underwent left hepatic lobe resection. The patient finally died from a pulmonary thromboembolism

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