RESUMEN

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sodium caseinate added into freezing extender on the sperm parameters of cryopreserved bull semen and in vitro and in vivo fertility. One ejaculate of 30 bulls was used and processed using Botu-Bov (Botupharma, Botucatu, Brazil) with the addition of 20% egg yolk (EY) or 15% egg yolk with 2% sodium caseinate (EY + SC), subsequently submitted to freezing. Semen from both groups were evaluated immediately after thawing (T0) and after thermic stress at 37 °C for 90 min (T90), for sperm kinetics, by CASA method, and plasma membrane integrity (PMI), superoxide (O2-) concentration and high mitochondrial potential (HMP) by flow cytometry. In vitro fertilization (IVF) was performed to assess embryo cleavage rate on day 3, and blastocyst rate on day 8. The in vivo fertility test was performed using fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). In sperm evaluation, trajectory velocity, linear velocity, curvilinear velocity, and lateral head movement were higher (P < 0.05) in EY + SC at T0. At T90, while rectilinearity and linearity did not differ between EY and EY + SC (P > 0.05), the other parameters evaluated were higher in EY + SC. Similarly, the integrity of the plasma and acrosomal membranes (iPAM) was higher (P < 0.05) at T90 in EY + SC, but did not differ (P > 0.05) between the groups at T0. For O2- and HMP, the values were lower (P < 0.05) in EY + SC group in both moments; furthermore, EY + SC showed higher cleavage and blastocyst rates in IVF. Likewise, pregnancy rates by FTAI were higher (P < 0.05) in the EY + SC group. In conclusion, the addition of sodium caseinate into freezing extender improves sperm parameters of frozen-thawed bull semen and fertility rates on during in vitro and in vivo tests.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

A síndrome cólica é uma das causas mais importante no desenvolvimento de desequilíbrios hidroeletrolíticos e ácido base em equinos e, por conseguinte, geradora de alteração na homeostase do organismo. É imperativo que medidas terapêuticas sejam adotadas na rotina de atendimento clínico do paciente equino com cólica visando corrigir os desequilíbrios hidroeletrolíticos e ácido base. A primordial opção de tratamento desses desequilíbrios é a terapia hidroeletrolítica, ou hidratação, fundamentada na correção e manutenção do estado hídrico, eletrolítico e ácido base do paciente através da administração de soluções eletrolíticas com o intuito de reestabelecer sua homeostase. As Diretrizes Terapêuticas para o Restabelecimento do Equilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico e Ácido Base em Equinos com Síndrome Cólica nas Condições Brasileiras de Atendimento têm como objetivo congregar vários profissionais com visão ampla, embasamento teórico sólido e vasta experiência prática, de forma a oferecer um guia terapêutico prático e específico, que possa ser utilizado por Médicos Veterinários que trabalham com equídeos em todo o Brasil.

Colic syndrome is one of the most important causes in the development of hydroelectrolytic and acid base imbalances in horses and, therefore, causes alteration in the body's homeostasis. It is imperative the adoptions of therapeutic measures in the clinical care routine of equine colic patients in order to correct the hydroelectrolytic and acid-base imbalances. The primary treatment for these imbalances is hydroelectrolytic therapy, or fluid therapy, based on the correction and maintenance of the patient's water, electrolyte and acid base status through the administration of electrolyte solutions to reestablish their homeostasis. The therapeutic guidelines for restoring hydroelectrolytic and acid-base balance in horses with colic syndrome under Brazilian conditions of care has the aim of to bring together several professionals with broad vision, solid theoretical background and extensive practical experience, in order to offer a practical and specific therapeutic guide thatc an be used by Equine Veterinary Doctors throughout Brazil.

El síndrome cólico es una de las causas más importantes en el desarrollo de desequilibrios hidroelectrolíticos y ácido base en equinos y, portanto, causa alteraciones en la homeostasis del organismo. Es imperativo que se adopten medidas terapéuticas en la rutina de atendimiento clínico de los pacientes equinos con cólico para corregir los desequilibrios hidroelectrolíticos y de ácido base. La opción primordialde tratamiento para estos desequilibrios es la terapia hidroelectrolítica, o hidratación, basada en la corrección y el mantenimiento del estado hídrico, electrolítico y ácido base del paciente a través de la administración de soluciones electrolíticas para restablecer su homeostasis. Las Directrices Terapéuticas para el Restablecimiento del Equilibrio Hidroeléctrico y Ácido Base en Equinos con Síndrome Cólico en las condiciones de Atendimiento Brasileras tienen como objetivo reunir a vários profesionales con visión amplia, antecedentes teóricos sólidos y amplia experiencia práctica para proporcionar una guía terapéutica práctica y específica, que pueda ser utilizada por Médicos Veterinarios que trabajan con equinos en todo Brasil.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) is a benign osteolytic tumour with three main cellular components: multinucleated osteoclast-like giant cells, mononuclear spindle-like stromal cells (the main neoplastic components) and mononuclear cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. The giant cells overexpress a key mediator in osteoclastogenesis: the RANK receptor, which is stimulated in turn by the cytokine RANKL, which is secreted by the stromal cells. The RANK/RANKL interaction is predominantly responsible for the extensive bone resorption by the tumour. Historically, standard treatment was substantial surgical resection, with or without adjuvant therapy, with recurrence rates of 20-56 %. Studies with denosumab, a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to RANKL, resulted in dramatic treatment responses, which led to its approval by the United States Food and Drugs Administration (US FDA). Recent advances in the understanding of GCTB pathogenesis are essential to develop new treatments for this locally destructive primary bone tumour.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Antecedentes: La posibilidad de que un recién nacido presente algún tipo de defecto congénito al nacimiento es de un 2-4 por ciento y la aplicación de métodos de cribado de cromosomopatías y de malformaciones estructurales puede reducir la prevalencia de estos defectos congénitos al nacimiento. Objetivos: Demostrar que es posible la implantación de un cribado de malformaciones congénitas de garantía (sensibilidad de diagnóstico para malformaciones estructurales mayores y para síndrome de Down del 80 por ciento) y universal (aplicado al 90 por ciento de gestantes). Proponemos que la implantación de este cribado supone una disminución de la tasa de los defectos congénitos no diagnosticados al nacimiento a menos del 0,5 por ciento de los recién nacidos. Método: Estudio prospectivo. Hemos valorado 12.478 gestantes (julio 2006-septiembre de 2009). Método de cribado de defecto congénitos: test combinado asociado a ecografía morfológica (18-22 semanas) Resultados: La prevalencia de defecto congénito fue de 2,26 por ciento [IC 95 por ciento: 1,9-2,5] (282/12478). Valoración ecográfica fue del 99,2 por ciento de las gestantes. Tasa de diagnóstico de malformaciones estructurales fue de 79,3 por ciento [IC 95 por ciento: 74,3-84,4] (196/247) y 95,6 por ciento [IC 95 por ciento: 91,8-99,3] (110/115) para las malformaciones mayores. Se ofertó un cribado de cromosomopatias al 95,1 por ciento de las gestantes con una tasa de diagnóstico del 88,5 por ciento [IC 95 por ciento: 79,9-99] (31/35). Conclusiones: Un cribado de defectos congénitos universal y de garantías logró disminuir la prevalencia de defectos congénitos al nacimiento sin diagnosticar a un 0,5 por ciento.

Background: The probability of a newborn presenting some kind of congenital defect at birth is 2-4 percent and the application of methods of screening for chromosomal and structural abnormalities can reduce the prevalence of these defects at birth. Objectives: The aim of this study is to prove that it is possible to implement a screening for congenital malformations that is standardised (diagnostic sensitivity [Sen]>80 percent for major structural deformations and Down's syndrome) and universal (90 percent of pregnant women). We also want to prove that this screening reduces the rate of undiagnosed congenital defects at birth. Methods: Prospective study. We assessed 12,478 pregnant women (July 2006- September 2009). A morphological ultrasound (18-22 weeks) and a combined test were carried out as the methods for screening for congenital defects. Results: The prevalence of congenital defects was 2.26 percent [95 percent CI: 1.9-2.5] (282/12478). The ultrasound scan was performed on 99.2 percent of the pregnant women. There was a Sen of 79.3 percent [95 percent CI: 74.3-84.4] (196/247) for structural malformation and 95.6 percent [95 percent CI: 91.8-99.3] (110/115) for major malformations). Screening for chromosomal anomalies was performed on 95.1 percent of pregnant women with a Sen of 88.5 percent [95 percent CI: 79.9-99] (31/35). Conclusions: A standardised and universal screening for congenital defects reduced the prevalence of undiagnosed congenital defects at birth to 0.5 percent.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The early detection and accurate staging of pancreatic and ampullary cancer is of utmost importance for the achievement of surgical radical treatment. The aim of this study was to assess prospectively the role of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in detection and staging of pancreatic and ampullary cancer, comparing its results to those obtained with spiral computed tomography (SCT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-one patients with suspected pancreatic and ampullary tumors were included, 46 (75, 4%) of whom presented with obstructive jaundice. Patients underwent EUS and SCT within a 7-day period. Examiners were unaware of the previous imaging results, except conventional echography. Image interpretation was compared to surgical and histopathological findings. RESULTS: Fifty-six (91, 8%) patients were surgically explored. Clinical follow-up and/or tissue diagnosis determined the correct diagnosis in the remaining five patients. Pancreatic cancer and ampullary cancer were observed in 29 (47, 6%) and 10 (16, 4%) patients, respectively. Chronic pancreatitis and choledocholithiasis were the most common diagnosis in patients with non-neoplastic disease. EUS was more effective than SCT for the definition of the final diagnosis in patients with obstructive jaundice (87.0 vs. 67.4%, p = 0.04). Both exams were equally effective for detecting pancreatic cancer but EUS predicted more accurately the involvement of portal-mesenteric axis by the tumor (87.0 vs. 67.4%, p = 0.04). EUS was particularly useful in the diagnosis of cancer of papilla of Vater. CONCLUSION: In patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma without unequivocal signs of distant metastatic disease, EUS is more accurate than SCT to predict venous involvement by the tumor. EUS is superior to SCT to detect ampullary adenocarcinoma. Both methods are equally ineffective to detect nodal involvement in pancreatic and ampullary cancer.

Asunto(s)