RESUMEN
We studied the degree of inflammatory reaction after 43 non-complication intracapsular cataract extractions with anterior chamber lens implantation. Two types of implants were used that varied only by the shape and composition of their loops. Inflammation was more frequent and more severe with polypropylene loops. However, the degree of the inflammatory reaction did not interfere with the final visual results. The anatomic position of the loops did not noticeably influence the degree of inflammation but did seem to affect the final visual acuity.
Asunto(s)
Lentes Intraoculares , Edema Macular , Hipertensión Ocular , Uveítis , Anciano , Humanos , Lentes Intraoculares/efectos adversos , Metilmetacrilatos , Polipropilenos , Cuidados Posoperatorios , Complicaciones PosoperatoriasRESUMEN
The effect of age and weaning on enzyme activities of abomasum and pancreas of the lamb was studied. Sixty-nine lambs were either maintained at the preruminant stage until 42 days of age or weaned between 20 and 30 days. They were slaughtered between birth and 100 days, and the mucosa of their abomasum and their pancreas were collected. At 2 days of age there was a threshold of glandular growth and of development of enzyme secretory potentialities. Pancreas showed an extensive hyperplasia without growth until day 2; its weight increased after day 7 but only by hypertrophy. Quantities of gastric enzymes in relation to empty live weight increased between birth and 2 days, but that of chymosin then decreased, whereas pepsin did not change significantly; effects of weaning were similar. The evolution of pancreatic enzyme activity was usually the reverse of that of chymosin; however, trypsin activity was low at birth and that of colipase did not increase at weaning. The ratio of colipase to lipase was always higher than 1, showing that lipase always was saturated in the lamb. The pancreas seemed to take over the secretion of abomasal proteolytic enzymes. Potentialities of enzyme digestion appeared to be influenced mainly by the age or weight of the animal; these potentialities were minimal for at least several days during the first neonatal week and, if there was enzymatic adaptation to the amounts of the ingested substrate, it did not occur rapidly.
Asunto(s)
Abomaso/enzimología , Envejecimiento , Páncreas/enzimología , Ovinos/metabolismo , Destete , Amilasas/metabolismo , Animales , Quimosina/metabolismo , Quimotripsina/metabolismo , Dieta , Lipasa/metabolismo , Pepsina A/metabolismo , Tripsina/metabolismoRESUMEN
Four preruminant Friesian calves were fitted with an innervated abomasal fundic pouch cut from the lesser curvature. They were fed twice daily a milk substitute containing only spray-dried skim-milk powder as protein source. The daily outflow of gastric juice regularly increased from 400 to 1 800 g/day between 2 and 16 weeks of age and did not change later. The daily outflow/100 kg liveweight increased until 7 to 9 weeks of age and decreased later until 30 weeks (fig. 1). The pH of the secretion always ranged between 1 and 2, except during the days following surgery and when the calves were ill (fig. 2). Expressed in absolute terms, the total outflow of hydrogen, sodium, potassium and chloride ions increased with age; this was mainly due to the increase in the outflow of gastric juice since the ion concentration showed a cyclic pattern with age (fig. 3). When expressed on a liveweight basis, the daily ion output alternatively showed increasing and decreasing periods, mainly in relation to changes in concentration, but no significant trend with age was observed (fig. 4).
Asunto(s)
Abomaso/metabolismo , Envejecimiento , Bovinos/fisiología , Electrólitos/metabolismo , Animales , Cloruros/metabolismo , Jugo Gástrico/metabolismo , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Masculino , Potasio/metabolismo , Rumen/fisiología , Sodio/metabolismoRESUMEN
Using fistulated calves, the influence of the age, type of dietary protein and weaning on the secretion of chymosin and pepsin by the abomasum were studied. The abomasum secreted both chymosin and pepsin when the animals were fed milk. Chymosin secretion appeared to be independent of the age of the animals whereas a slow increase in pepsin secretion was observed as the calves aged. Several preruminant animals were fed either a skim-milk diet or a milk substitute in which proteins were provided by fish, soya or whey concentrates. Each of these 3 milk substitutes led to a decrease in chymosin secretion without modification of pepsin secretion. Chymosin secretion was partly restored when the claves were again given a skim-milk diet. At weaning, chymosin secretion dropped abruptly, but the pepsin level was not affected. These results indicate that milk (most probably its casein fraction) is responsible for the activation of chymosin secretion.