RESUMEN
Comorbid pathology, high mortality and disability remain an urgent problem for people with the development of an immunodeficiency state, including women of reproductive age. Prognostic triggers could help to improve management of preneoplastic injury of cervical epithelium. AIM: The aim of this study was to identify the cytological features of the cervical epithelium in women with immunodeficiency status and alcoholism, depending on the level of CD4-lymphocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved cytological analysis of women, who were divided into 3 groups (group consisted of patients with confirmed HIV infection and chronic alcoholism; group consisted of women with chronic alcoholism; comparison group). Determination of CD4 lymphocytes was carried out with gradation of indicators of 500- 350-100 cells per microliter. The relationship between the number of lymphocytes in a smear and changes in epithelial cells was carried out. RESULTS: Microscopic examination revealed koilocytosis, binuclear and multinuclear cells, keratinocytes, parakeratosis, cytoplasmic amphiphilia in all women of the two studied groups. In addition, epithelial cells were characterized by large size, displacement of the nucleus to the periphery, uneven staining of the cytoplasm, karyopyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, and dyskeratosis. The inflammatory type of smear was detected in all women of these groups with the presence of neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasmocytes, histiocytes, macrophages and microflora. At the same time, in the comparison group, the inflammatory type of smear was detected only in 36.6%. When studying the relationship between the level of CD4 cells and the degree of damage to the cervical epithelium in the study groups, a strong correlation was established (r=0.824 and r=0.801). CONCLUSIONS: With the development of immunodeficiency status, the number of CD4 cells below 100 per mm3 should be considered as an unfavorable prognostic factor for the development of neoplastic transformation of the cervix.
Asunto(s)
Alcoholismo , Infecciones por VIH , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino , Humanos , Femenino , Cuello del Útero/patología , Frotis Vaginal , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Infecciones por VIH/patología , Alcoholismo/patología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/diagnósticoRESUMEN
The involvement of commensals and opportunistic pathogens and the role of protective mechanisms in the development of dental diseases in children with cystic fibrosis require more detailed study. AIM: The aim of the study was to determine the ecological characteristics of the oral microbiota and some antimicrobial factors of saliva in children with mucoviscidosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved an assessment of oral microbiota as complex ecological system that protects the human body from colonization by pathogenic flora in children with cystic fibrosis. Bacteriological studies have been performed on clinical material from 30 children with mucoviscidosis diagnosed with dental and periodontal diseases. RESULTS: In the microbiological study of plaque microbiota, 70 strains of opportunistic pathogens were isolated in patients with mucoviscidosis. The most significant were alpha-hemolytic Streptococci (40%). The proportion of bacteria of Neisseria genus in patients with cystic fibrosis was lower and amounted to 24.3%. C. albicans fungi were isolated in comparable values (18.5%), S. aureus (8.5%), as well as gram-negative strains of E. aerogenes (4.3%) and E. coli (4.3%) significantly dominated. The results indicate that opportunistic pathogens S. aureus, E. aerogenes and E. coli partially replaced the representatives of the normal oral microbiota alpha-hemolytic streptococci and non-pathogenic species of Neisseria genus in patients with mucoviscidosis. CONCLUSIONS: Microbiota of plaque in children with mucoviscidosis is characterized by an expansion of the spectrum of opportunistic pathogens due to Staphylococcus aureus, enterobacteria and C. albicans fungi, which indicates a violation of the microbiocenosis due to reduced mucosal immunity. Mucosal immunity of the oral cavity in children with mucoviscidosis is characterized by a 1.5-fold decrease in lysozyme activity and the level of secretory IgA in the saliva of children.
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Fibrosis Quística , Antibacterianos , Niño , Escherichia coli , Humanos , Boca/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureusRESUMEN
It is known that every day 2,500 children under the age of 18 try their first cigarette, and more than 400 of them become new, regular smokers, and half of them will die from this addiction in the future. AIM: The aim of the study is to determine changes in the indices of dental status in adolescents with tobacco smoking. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 54 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. They were divided into the main group of 25 adolescents with a smoking experience of 1 to 3 years, and a control group of 29 adolescents who were physically healthy at the time of the study and had never smoked. During their visit to dentist for a preventive examination such indexes were investigated as simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) (Greene-Vermillion), papillary-marginal-alveolar index (PMA), Fedorov-Volodkina index, caries severity index, index of the need for treatment of periodontal disease and biophysical methods of oral fluid research: rate of salivation, elasticity, pH of oral fluid. RESULTS: The changes in dental status identified in the study in adolescents with addiction to smoking indicated certain aspects of the risk of developing dental diseases in this group of patients with prevalence of periodontal inflammation. The most vulnerable, with a short history of smoking, were periodontal tissues. It could indicate the direct effect of tobacco smoke on the microcirculation of the gums. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking is a risk factor for periodontal health in adolescents. The periodontal inflammation of various severities was established in children and adolescents aged 12-18 years old. Evaluation of oral health indices has been estimated from 0.79 ± 0.19 to 1.9 ± 0.05 (p<0.05) for Greene-Vermilion, from 1.5 ± 0.41 to 2.5 ± 0.59 (p<0.05) for Fedorov-Volodkina, from 12.0± 2.06% to 36.0 ± 2.04% to for PMA (p<0.05) as result of adolescent smoking. Simultaneously we didn't estimate significant difference for caries severity in investigated groups.
Asunto(s)
Conducta Adictiva , Enfermedades Periodontales , Adolescente , Niño , Humanos , Salud Bucal , Fumar/epidemiología , NicotianaRESUMEN
Lifelong withdrawal from the donor population of those who have been diagnosed with babesiosis must be used for transmission prevention. AIM: The aim of the study was a detection of Babesia antibodies level with the usage of experimental Babesia divergens whole-cell slide antigen and commercial B. microti immunofluorescence assay substrate slide (Fuller Laboratories, USA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experimental B. divergens whole-cell slide antigen in addition to commercial B. microti IFA substrate slide was used to create a diagnostic kit for serum Babesia antibodies level detecting, as well as for a babesiosis serodiagnosis clinical trial of different origins blood samples (patients with Lyme disease, rheumatoid arthritis and toxoplasmosis; human blood donors; cattle). RESULTS: Antibodies to B. divergens (5.4%) and B. microti (2.3%) were detected with higher (p <0.05) frequency at Lyme disease patients (16.7%) than at blood donors (1.7%). Diagnostically significant IgG titres (= 1:128) were found in 13.3% of blood samples from Lyme disease patients and 1.7% from blood donors. Specific IgM were also found in 13.3% blood samples from Lyme disease patients. Among blood samples from Lyme disease patients, in which diagnostically significant titres of Babesia antibodies were detected (16.7%), 60% of them were represented by IgG and IgM (rA= 0.63), and in 40% only one of them reached diagnostically significant titre. Conclusions. Advantages of babesiosis IFA diagnostics. CONCLUSIONS: Advantages of babesiosis IFA diagnostics are combined with its significant disadvantages (principle of evaluation, low sensitivity in the initial period of the disease, probability of false positives, absence of validated test systems and research protocols for B. divergens and B. divergens-like species).
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Babesia microti , Babesia , Babesiosis , Enfermedad de Lyme , Animales , Babesia/aislamiento & purificación , Babesiosis/diagnóstico , Bovinos , Humanos , Inmunoensayo , Enfermedad de Lyme/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Over the past decade, there are significant advances in the problem of studying the pathogenesis, clinical course and treatment of cervical cancer (CC). Namely the need for more favorable treatment outcomes for locally advanced cervical cancer requires the development of more effective treatments. AIM: The aim of our work was to study the consequences of neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (NCRT) in the management of locally advanced cervical cancer by assessing morphological changes in the tumor tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is based on the assessment of tissue changes as a result of treatment of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CC T1b2-2bN0-1M0 stages between the ages of 26 and 62 years (average age 33.7 years). The patients were divided into 3 groups by randomization. The first main group consisted of 25 patients who, at the first stage, were given preoperatively 1 course of polychemotherapy with cisplatin and paclitaxel followed by radiotherapy. The second group comprised 30 patients who underwent chemoradiomodification (paclitaxel and carboplatin) at the first stage secondary to radiation therapy (NCRT group). The third group was a comparison group, in which only 20 patients underwent radiation therapy before surgical treatment. We investigated histological changes with expression of Ki- 67, bcl2, VEGF proteins evaluation of which was based on the intensity of staining and the distribution of immunopositive cells. RESULTS: Results of our research of combined and complex treatment in patients with locally advanced CC testify to the advantage of our proposed scheme of NCRT, which is characterized by significant therapeutic pathomorphosis. CONCLUSIONS: We can conclude about tissual pathomorphosis due to action on NCRT with changes of proliferative, apoptotic and angiogenesis process due to expression of studied proteins can be used as favorable prognostic factors and may guide therapeutic decisions for choice of manage patients with CC.
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Terapia Neoadyuvante , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino , Adulto , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Carboplatino , Quimioradioterapia , Cisplatino/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Resultado del Tratamiento , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/terapiaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim: Was to evaluate the anatomical variability of the frontal and maxillary sinuses, ostiomeatal complex components (OMC) and to identify factors that contribute to complications of inflammatory processes and development of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study involved assessment of 100 spiral computed tomograms (SCT) of human patients without pathological processes in the PNS area. The basic parameters of the anatomical structure of the ostiomeatal complex (the area of the hooked process and the middle nasal conch, their transverse dimensions, the density and dimensions of the natural connection), the thickness and the density of the lower wall of the maxillary and frontal sinuses were determined. These parameters were investigated by the method of uncertainty calculation. RESULTS: Results: The findings showed that the bone density of the maxillary sinus on the left was 57.713 ± 440.356 Hu (minimum), 1101.507 ± 613.4882 Hu (maximum); 96.2752 ± 395.0 and 1028.691 ± 620.4051 on the right, respectively, the density of the inferior frontal sinus wall on the right was 5.5179 ± 276.43 and 831.1607 ± 732.274, on the left 12.069 ± 310.56 and 898.293 ± 748, respectively. In the same way, the probable OMC structure parameters, in the range ± U at the confidence level p = 0.95, were calculated. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Thus, some variants of the anatomical structure of the ostiomeatal complex can be a prerequisite for hypoventilation of PNS and, as a consequence, lead to inflammatory processes in them. Features of the same structure of the walls of the PNS are a prerequisite for the propagation of the inflammatory process in the surrounding tissues and the development of complications.
Asunto(s)
Seno Frontal , Sinusitis Maxilar , Sinusitis , Seno Frontal/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Seno Maxilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Introduction: The recently described anaplasmosis infection is widespread but concerns to the insufficiently known group of diseases. The aim of our research is the development of uniform biological model for reproducing of artificial immunodeficient state by experimental anaplasmosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: Algorithm of experimental anaplasmosis reproducing, consisted of such consecutive stages: 1) artificial forming of the immunodeficient state at nonlinear white mise (Mus musculus L.); 2) preparation of the tested biological material samples; 3) inoculation by prepared samples of the laboratory animals with the artificially formed immunodeficient state; 4) sampling from the dead or slaughtered (by the method of chloroformed anesthesia) experimental animals of sectional material (organs and targets tissues); 5) verification of aetiology by express detection of causative agents by the method of PCR in the selected samples of sectional material. RESULTS: Results: Biological model of experimental anaplasmosis have been created suitable for realization of both diagnostic and epidemiological, epizootic, ecobiological and other researches of different origin biological material samples, including samples of solid and liquid consistency material. Formed model realised in premature death of experimental animals in 17.4 % cases; resulted in an onset of disease clinical signs without death during the term of supervision in 43.8 % cases; coursed in the absence of the expressed symptoms of infection in 31.3 % cases. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Developed biological model of experimental anaplasmosis consists in that as laboratory animals with the increased sensitiveness to the infection and accumulation of causative agent are used white nonlinear mice with the artificially formed immunodeficient state.