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The objective of this study was to determine whether individuals with different attachment styles held different prosocial values and attitudes given their different models of self and of others. A sample of 717 university students completed the ECR-S (Experiences in Close Relationships-Spanish) and the PVQ (Portrait Values Questionnaire), and evaluated different prosocial attitudes. The results showed that secure individuals reported higher scores on self-transcendence and in the value self-directions of the dimension openness to change, whereas insecure individuals had higher scores on conservation and self-enhancement. No differences were found in the attitudes of individuals with different attachment styles. These findings show a link between the dimensions of the universal values theory, and the models of self and of others.

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Bowlby's attachment theory suggested that the attachment experiences of early childhood influence adult approaches to close relationships. As a result of these experiences, the child develops typical mental schemas or internal working models. The aim of this study was to analyze how young people with different attachment styles perceive the benefits and costs involved in spending as much time as possible with their partner, and to determine whether their beliefs reflect the internal working models associated with their attachment style. A sample of 1,539 university students responded to the Relationship Questionnaire (Bartholomew & Horowith, 1991), and to a questionnaire about behavioral beliefs (perceived benefits and costs). Results show that young people with different attachment styles hold different beliefs about the consequences derived from engaging in a specific behavior in romantic relationships. Secure and preoccupied individuals perceived more benefits than costs associated with the behavior, whereas dismissing and fearful individuals perceived more costs than benefits. Furthermore, secure and preoccupied individuals rated those behavioral consequences leading to enhanced intimacy or closeness more positively than avoidant individuals, whereas dismissing individuals rated more negatively those consequences that involved a loss of independence. These results confirm that a congruity exists between the beliefs associated with the behavior studied and the internal working models related to each adult attachment style.

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Research to date has revealed that the association between gender, attachment and the quality and functioning of intimate relationships is complex. This study examined the relationship between gender and attachment styles in attitudes to communication with one's partner and in the number of past relationships in a sample of 746 Spanish undergraduates. The Relationship Questionnaire was administered to them to determine the adult attachment style. The results revealed the existence of differences according to the adult attachment style and gender with regard to the two measured variables, and a significant effect of the interaction between gender and attachment. Dismissing men reported the highest average scores in the number of past relationships, with significant differences appearing when they were compared with secure and preoccupied men. However, dismissing women did not differ from the rest of the women with other attachment styles. When men and women with the same attachment styles were compared in this variable, the only significant differences were found between dismissing men and women (with the latter reporting fewer partners). In the case of attitudes to expressing feelings to one's partner, dismissing men reported the most negative attitudes, compared with secure and preoccupied men. Dismissing women, unlike the men, did not differ in their attitudes either from preoccupied or fearful women. Moreover, clear differences were shown between dismissing men and women in these attitudes (more negative in the case of men).

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This paper is an experimental study, the basic aim of which is to check whether the congruence between personality characteristics and task characteristics has positive effects for performance and satisfaction on individuals. The results obtained reveal that Type A behavior pattern individuals get better results in cases of congruence than in cases of incongruence, while the performance of Type B behavior pattern individuals is not related to the (in)congruence between personal needs/aims and the task's demands. Besides, we have found that Type A behavior pattern individuals also have greater levels of satisfaction in cases of congruence than in cases of incongruence. However, Type B behavior pattern individuals show the same levels of satisfaction in both cases.

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This paper is an experimental study whose basic aim is to check whether the congruence between personality characteristics and task characteristics has positive effects for performance and satisfaction in individuals. The results reveal that Type A Behaviour Pattern individuals get better results in cases of adjustment or congruence than in cases of disadjustment or incongruence, whereas the performance of Type B Behaviour Pattern individuals is not related to the adjustment or disadjustment between personal needs / aims and the task’s demands. In addition, we have found that Type A Behaviour Pattern persons also have greater levels of satisfaction in cases of congruence than in cases of incongruence. However, Type B Behaviour Pattern persons show the same level of satisfaction in both cases.

El presente trabajo es un estudio experimental cuyo objetivo es comprobar si la congruencia entre las características del individuo y las características de la tarea tiene consecuencias positivas para el rendimiento y la satisfacción. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que los individuos con patrón de conducta tipo A obtienen mejores resultados en los casos de ajuste o congruencia que en los casos de desajuste o incongruencia, mientras que el rendimiento de las personas con patrón de conducta tipo B no está relacionado con el ajuste/desajuste entre sus necesidades-metas personales y las demandas de la tarea. Además, las personas con patrón de conducta tipo A también presentan mayores niveles de satisfacción en los casos de congruencia que en los casos de incongruencia. Sin embargo, las personas con patrón de conducta tipo B presentan los mismos niveles de satisfacción en ambos casos.

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