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This study evaluated factors associated with hospitalization related to the mental health of people undergoing follow-up in Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS, in Portuguese) in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, referred from Primary Health Care (PHC). This was an evaluative study conducted with 297 individuals in 24 adult CAPS. This study analyzed the prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), obtained through Poisson Regression with robust variance. A statistically significant association was found with hospitalization during follow-ups in CAPS: having health insurance and/or medical plan; waiting time between the diagnosis and the first consultation with a non-medical professional of more than seven days; not having received medical advice regarding how long to use medication; not having received a psychopharmaceutical prescription at PHC; and having a medical history of the hospitalization due to mental health. The results warn of the need to expand access to the more socially vulnerable population, in addition to a restructuring of the services in order to provide more interactive and inclusive practices geared toward the singularities of the users.

Avaliaram-se os fatores associados à internação relacionadas à saúde mental de pessoas em acompanhamento nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) do município de São Paulo, encaminhadas pela atenção primária (APS). Pesquisa avaliativa com 297 pessoas em 24 CAPS Adulto. Analisaram-se as razões de prevalência (RP) e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC), obtidas por meio da regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Mostraram associação estatisticamente significativa com a internação durante o acompanhamento no CAPS: ter plano de saúde/convênio médico; tempo de espera entre diagnóstico e primeiro atendimento com profissional não médico maior que sete dias; não ter sido orientado sobre o tempo de uso da medicação; não receber prescrição de psicofármaco na APS; e ter histórico de ocorrência de internação por saúde mental. Os resultados alertam para a necessidade de ampliação do acesso à população com maior vulnerabilidade social, além de uma reestruturação dos serviços para a oferta de prática mais articuladas e inclusivas, voltadas às singularidades dos usuários.

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Avaliaram-se os fatores associados à internação relacionadas à saúde mental de pessoas em acompanhamento nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) do município de São Paulo, encaminhadas pela atenção primária (APS). Pesquisa avaliativa com 297 pessoas em 24 CAPS Adulto. Analisaram-se as razões de prevalência (RP) e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC), obtidas por meio da regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Mostraram associação estatisticamente significativa com a internação durante o acompanhamento no CAPS: ter plano de saúde/convênio médico; tempo de espera entre diagnóstico e primeiro atendimento com profissional não médico maior que sete dias; não ter sido orientado sobre o tempo de uso da medicação; não receber prescrição de psicofármaco na APS; e ter histórico de ocorrência de internação por saúde mental. Os resultados alertam para a necessidade de ampliação do acesso à população com maior vulnerabilidade social, além de uma reestruturação dos serviços para a oferta de prática mais articuladas e inclusivas, voltadas às singularidades dos usuários.

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Resumo Avaliaram-se os fatores associados à internação relacionadas à saúde mental de pessoas em acompanhamento nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) do município de São Paulo, encaminhadas pela atenção primária (APS). Pesquisa avaliativa com 297 pessoas em 24 CAPS Adulto. Analisaram-se as razões de prevalência (RP) e seus respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC), obtidas por meio da regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Mostraram associação estatisticamente significativa com a internação durante o acompanhamento no CAPS: ter plano de saúde/convênio médico; tempo de espera entre diagnóstico e primeiro atendimento com profissional não médico maior que sete dias; não ter sido orientado sobre o tempo de uso da medicação; não receber prescrição de psicofármaco na APS; e ter histórico de ocorrência de internação por saúde mental. Os resultados alertam para a necessidade de ampliação do acesso à população com maior vulnerabilidade social, além de uma reestruturação dos serviços para a oferta de prática mais articuladas e inclusivas, voltadas às singularidades dos usuários.

Abstract This study evaluated factors associated with hospitalization related to the mental health of people undergoing follow-up in Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS, in Portuguese) in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, referred from Primary Health Care (PHC). This was an evaluative study conducted with 297 individuals in 24 adult CAPS. This study analyzed the prevalence ratios (PR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), obtained through Poisson Regression with robust variance. A statistically significant association was found with hospitalization during follow-ups in CAPS: having health insurance and/or medical plan; waiting time between the diagnosis and the first consultation with a non-medical professional of more than seven days; not having received medical advice regarding how long to use medication; not having received a psychopharmaceutical prescription at PHC; and having a medical history of the hospitalization due to mental health. The results warn of the need to expand access to the more socially vulnerable population, in addition to a restructuring of the services in order to provide more interactive and inclusive practices geared toward the singularities of the users.

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This study aims to evaluate maternal vaccine hesitancy and its associated factors. This is a cross-sectional study of a probabilistic sample of 450 mothers of children born in 2015, living in a Brazilian city, and who was, at the time of data collection, more than two years old. We used the tool proposed by the World Health Organization (10-item Vaccine Hesitancy Scale). To assess its structure, we performed, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. We performed linear regression models to evaluate the factors associated with vaccine hesitancy. The factor analysis showed two components for the vaccine hesitancy scale: lack of confidence in vaccines and risk perception of vaccines. High family income was associated with lower vaccine hesitancy (greater confidence in vaccines and lower risk perception of vaccines), while the presence of other children, regardless of birth order, in the family was associated with lower confidence in vaccines. A good rapport with health professionals, willingness to wait for the vaccination and the getting vaccinated through campaigns were associated with greater confidence in vaccines. The deliberate delay or decision not to vaccinate their children and previous experience with adverse reactions to the vaccine were associated with lower confidence in vaccines and greater risk perception of vaccines. Health care providers, especially nurses, play a relevant role to address vaccine hesitancy, guiding vaccination through a trustworthy rapport.

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Resumo A hesitação vacinal é um fenômeno com potencial para reduzir as taxas de cobertura vacinal, como observado na vacina contra febre amarela (VFA), propiciar epidemias e a reintrodução de doenças imunopreveníveis controladas. O objetivo deste estudo é mapear junto à literatura científica a relação entre a falta de informação, a segurança da vacina e os eventos adversos e a hesitação vacinal da VFA. Foi realizada uma revisão de escopo nas bases Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), National Library of Medicine (PubMed), SCOPUS, Embase e Web of Science utilizando descritores controlados (DeCS/MeSH) e não controlados. Foram selecionados 11 artigos publicados nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português, sem delimitação de tempo e que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Estiveram relacionados à hesitação vacinal da VFA informações falsas, conhecimento inadequado sobre o imunizante, falta de tempo para se vacinar, aceitação da vacina, insegurança na vacina e medo dos eventos adversos. Este estudo reforça a importância do acesso a informações adequadas, orientações sobre a segurança e os eventos adversos da VFA e pode auxiliar na elaboração de estratégias de saúde pública para mitigar a hesitação vacinal.

Abstract Vaccine hesitancy is a phenomenon with the potential to reduce vaccination coverage rates, as observed with the yellow fever vaccine (YFV), leading to epidemics and the reintroduction of controlled immunopreventable diseases. This study, together with the scientific literature, aims to map the relationship among the lack of information, vaccine safety and adverse events, and vaccine hesitancy concerning YFV. A scoping review was conducted in the Virtual Health Library (VHL), National Library of Medicine (PubMed), SCOPUS, Embase, and Web of Science databases, using controlled (DeCS/MeSH) and uncontrolled descriptors. In this work, we selected eleven articles, published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, with no time limits, which met the inclusion criteria. False information, inadequate knowledge about the immunizer, lack of time to take a vaccination, acceptance of the vaccine, vaccine safety, and fear of adverse events were related to vaccine hesitancy. This study reinforces the importance of access to adequate information, provides guidance on YFV safety and adverse events, and can aid in the development of public health strategies to mitigate hesitancy.

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Vaccine hesitancy is a phenomenon with the potential to reduce vaccination coverage rates, as observed with the yellow fever vaccine (YFV), leading to epidemics and the reintroduction of controlled immunopreventable diseases. This study, together with the scientific literature, aims to map the relationship among the lack of information, vaccine safety and adverse events, and vaccine hesitancy concerning YFV. A scoping review was conducted in the Virtual Health Library (VHL), National Library of Medicine (PubMed), SCOPUS, Embase, and Web of Science databases, using controlled (DeCS/MeSH) and uncontrolled descriptors. In this work, we selected eleven articles, published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, with no time limits, which met the inclusion criteria. False information, inadequate knowledge about the immunizer, lack of time to take a vaccination, acceptance of the vaccine, vaccine safety, and fear of adverse events were related to vaccine hesitancy. This study reinforces the importance of access to adequate information, provides guidance on YFV safety and adverse events, and can aid in the development of public health strategies to mitigate hesitancy.

A hesitação vacinal é um fenômeno com potencial para reduzir as taxas de cobertura vacinal, como observado na vacina contra febre amarela (VFA), propiciar epidemias e a reintrodução de doenças imunopreveníveis controladas. O objetivo deste estudo é mapear junto à literatura científica a relação entre a falta de informação, a segurança da vacina e os eventos adversos e a hesitação vacinal da VFA. Foi realizada uma revisão de escopo nas bases Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), National Library of Medicine (PubMed), SCOPUS, Embase e Web of Science utilizando descritores controlados (DeCS/MeSH) e não controlados. Foram selecionados 11 artigos publicados nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e português, sem delimitação de tempo e que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Estiveram relacionados à hesitação vacinal da VFA informações falsas, conhecimento inadequado sobre o imunizante, falta de tempo para se vacinar, aceitação da vacina, insegurança na vacina e medo dos eventos adversos. Este estudo reforça a importância do acesso a informações adequadas, orientações sobre a segurança e os eventos adversos da VFA e pode auxiliar na elaboração de estratégias de saúde pública para mitigar a hesitação vacinal.

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze factors associated with vaccination delay in children up to 2 years of age. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with primary data from a probabilistic sample of 388 children born in 2015. The data were described using absolute and relative frequencies. For the analysis of factors associated with vaccination delay, Cox proportional risk regression was performed, considering the time from birth to the first vaccination delay as a dependent variable and as sociodemographic, economic, behavioral aspects related to health services as independent variables. RESULTS: The delayed vaccination rate was 88.66%. Variables associated with delayed vaccination were: mother's health problems during delivery or in the first 7 days (HR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.48-0.96); hospitalization of the child in the first 2 years of life (HR: 1.52; 95% CI: 1.10-2.11); mother's poor bond with health professionals at the health unit (HR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.01-3.03); purposeful decision to delay or not to vaccinate the child (HR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.14-2.13). CONCLUSIONS: The factors associated with health care, such as the mother's health problems, the child's hospitalization in the first 2 years of life, and the bond between the mother and the health professionals affect the timeliness of vaccine doses.

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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe and analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of deaths due to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with hepatitis B (HBV) and C viruses (HCV) in the state of São Paulo. METHODS: This is an ecological study of HCC deaths associated with HBV and HCV in the state of São Paulo, from 2009 to 2017, with data from the Mortality Information System (SIM). The temporal trend was analyzed by linear regression with Prais-Winsten estimation. Deaths were described according to sociodemographic characteristics by means of absolute and relative frequencies and were spatially distributed according to the regional health department. RESULTS: It is found that 26.3% of deaths due to HCC were associated with HBV or HCV. A higher proportion of deaths due to HCC associated with HCV was observed (22.2%) when compared to HBV (3.9%). The mortality rate due to HCC associated with HBV showed a downward trend, and the mortality rate due to HCC associated with HCV showed a steady trend. Deaths of males, white individuals, those who aged from 50 to 59 years, and those who had 8-11 years of schooling predominated. Spatial analysis revealed a heterogeneous distribution of deaths in the state of São Paulo. CONCLUSIONS: The downward trend in mortality rates due to HCC associated with HBV shows an important advance in the disease control. However, the mortality rate due to HCC associated with HCV has remained stable throughout the study period. The spatial distribution of deaths may contribute to raise hypotheses for deeper knowledge of these diseases in the regions.

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ABSTRACT: Objective: This study aimed to describe and analyze the temporal and spatial distribution of deaths due to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with hepatitis B (HBV) and C viruses (HCV) in the state of São Paulo. Methods: This is an ecological study of HCC deaths associated with HBV and HCV in the state of São Paulo, from 2009 to 2017, with data from the Mortality Information System (SIM). The temporal trend was analyzed by linear regression with Prais-Winsten estimation. Deaths were described according to sociodemographic characteristics by means of absolute and relative frequencies and were spatially distributed according to the regional health department. Results: It is found that 26.3% of deaths due to HCC were associated with HBV or HCV. A higher proportion of deaths due to HCC associated with HCV was observed (22.2%) when compared to HBV (3.9%). The mortality rate due to HCC associated with HBV showed a downward trend, and the mortality rate due to HCC associated with HCV showed a steady trend. Deaths of males, white individuals, those who aged from 50 to 59 years, and those who had 8-11 years of schooling predominated. Spatial analysis revealed a heterogeneous distribution of deaths in the state of São Paulo. Conclusions: The downward trend in mortality rates due to HCC associated with HBV shows an important advance in the disease control. However, the mortality rate due to HCC associated with HCV has remained stable throughout the study period. The spatial distribution of deaths may contribute to raise hypotheses for deeper knowledge of these diseases in the regions.

RESUMO: Objetivos: Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever e analisar a distribuição temporal e espacial dos óbitos por carcinoma hepatocelular associados às hepatites virais B e C no estado de São Paulo. Métodos: Estudo ecológico dos óbitos por carcinoma hepatocelular associados a hepatites virais B e hepatites virais C no estado de São Paulo, de 2009 a 2017, com dados do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade. A tendência temporal foi analisada por regressão linear, com método de Prais-Winsten. Os óbitos foram descritos segundo as características sociodemográficas, por meio de frequências absolutas e relativas, e foram espacialmente distribuídos segundo departamento regional de saúde. Resultados: Dos óbitos por carcinoma hepatocelular, 26,3% foram associados a hepatites virais B ou hepatites virais C. Observou-se maior proporção de óbitos por carcinoma hepatocelular associado a hepatites virais C (22,2%) quando comparada àquela associada a hepatites virais B (3,9%). A taxa de mortalidade por carcinoma hepatocelular associado a hepatites virais B apresentou tendência de queda, no entanto a taxa de mortalidade por carcinoma hepatocelular associado a hepatites virais C apresentou tendência estacionária. Predominaram óbitos de pacientes do sexo masculino, de cor branca, de 50-59 anos e com oito a 11 anos de estudo. A análise espacial revelou distribuição heterogênea dos óbitos no estado de São Paulo. Conclusão: A tendência de queda nas taxas de mortalidade por carcinoma hepatocelular associado a hepatites virais B revela um importante avanço no controle do agravo. Entretanto, a taxa de mortalidade por carcinoma hepatocelular associado a hepatites virais C vem-se mantendo estável ao longo do período estudado. A distribuição espacial dos óbitos pode contribuir para levantar hipóteses com vistas ao conhecimento mais aprofundado desses agravos nas regiões.

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Introdução: A vacinação é considerada uma das mais importantes intervenções de saúde pública. A queda nas coberturas brasileiras desencadeou preocupação acerca do possível impacto da hesitação vacinal nas metas do Programa Nacional de Imunização. Objetivo: Avaliar a hesitação materna em vacinar e a situação vacinal de crianças de até dois anos de idade. Métodos: Estudo transversal com análise de dados primários de inquérito vacinal de uma amostra probabilística estratificada das crianças nascidas em 2015 no município de Araraquara (SP). Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e econômicos; informações de vacinação da caderneta de saúde da criança; características, informações de saúde da mãe, gravidez, parto e puerpério; características e informações de saúde da criança; aspectos relacionados à vacinação; atitudes maternas frente à vacinação; e informações sobre o uso da internet no cuidado da criança. A análise foi realizada por meio da regressão de Poisson com variância robusta, regressão de Cox e regressão linear. Resultados: As coberturas no inquérito vacinal para cada vacina específica variaram de 86 a 100%; já para o esquema completo a variação foi de 77% (12 meses) a 69% (24 meses), com heterogeneidade em suas distribuições espaciais. Orientação dos profissionais de saúde sobre vacinação no período de pré-natal ou pós parto, problemas de saúde materna durante o parto ou nos primeiros sete dias e relatos de reação adversa à vacina na criança foram associados à completude do calendário vacinal. Além disso, 89% das crianças atrasaram alguma dose de vacina, com as seguintes variáveis associadas a esse atraso: problemas de saúde da mãe durante o parto ou nos primeiros sete dias; internação da criança nos primeiros dois anos de vida; vínculo fraco da mãe com os profissionais de saúde da unidade de saúde; e, atraso proposital ou decisão de não vacinar a criança. Ainda, alta renda familiar foi associada à maior confiança nas vacinas e menor percepção de risco delas, enquanto a presença de outros filhos, independentemente da ordem de nascimento, na família foi associada a menor confiança nas vacinas. O bom relacionamento com os profissionais de saúde, a disposição para aguardar a aplicação da vacina e o hábito da vacinação nas campanhas foram associados à maior confiança nas vacinas. Já o atraso deliberado ou a decisão de não vacinar seus filhos e a experiência anterior com reações adversas à vacina foram associados com menor confiança nas vacinas e maior percepção de risco das vacinas. Conclusão: O estudo aponta para as altas coberturas vacinais, mas com distribuição espacial heterogênea. Ainda, destaca a importância das orientações dos profissionais de saúde sobre os benefícios e a segurança da vacina, desempenhando um papel relevante ao abordar a hesitação vacinal, orientando a vacinação através de uma relação de confiança.

Introduction: The vaccination is considered by public health as one of the most important interventions. The Brazilian vaccine coverage has fallen off and triggered off preoccupation concerning the impact of vaccine hesitancy in the Immunization National Program. Objective: To analyze the maternal hesitance and the vaccine status of the children up to two years old. Methods: The method was a cross-sectional study of primary data extracted from one stratified probabilistic sample of the children that was borned in 2015 from Araraquara municipality (SP). It was gathered: sociodemographic and economic data; information from the vaccine booklet; mothers characteristic and health information; pregnancy, delivery and postpartum period; aspects related to the vaccination; motherly attitudes towards the vaccination; and information about the use of the internet applied to child care. The Poisson regression, Cox regression and Linear regression were used in the analysis. Result: The coverage in the vaccine survey for each specific vaccine varied from 86 to 100%; yet, for the complete schedule the variation was of 77% (12 months) and 69% (24 months) with heterogeneity in its space distributions. The guidance from health professionals on vaccination for the mother; mother's health problems during the delivery or in the first seven days and reports of a previous episode of adverse reaction to the vaccine were associated with the completeness of the vaccination schedule. Moreover, the delayed vaccination rate was 88.66%. Variables associated with delayed vaccination were: mother's health problems during the delivery or in the first seven days; hospitalization of the child in the first two years of life; mother's poor bond with health professionals at the health unit; purposeful decision to delay or not to vaccinate the child. Still, familys high income was associated with greater confidence in vaccines and lower risk perception of vaccines, while the presence of other children, regardless of birth order, in the family was associated with lower confidence in vaccines. The good relationship with health professionals, the willingness to wait for the vaccine application, and the habit of vaccinating on campaign were associated with greater confidence in vaccines. The deliberate delay or the decision to not vaccinate their children and previous experience with adverse reactions to the vaccine were associated with lower confidence in vaccines and greater risk perception of vaccines. Conclusions: The study indicates the high vaccine coverage, but with heterogeneity in its space distributions. Even more, it highlights the importance of guidance from health professionals on vaccination about the advantages and vaccine safety, because they develop a relevant role in the vaccine hesitance, guiding the vaccination through a confidence relationship.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe agreement between the Juarez System immunization data and information in vaccination record booklets and vaccination coverage in children aged 12 to 24 months. METHODS: This was a descriptive study to assess the vaccination status at 12 and 24 months of age of children born in 2015 and recorded on the Juarez System. The levels of agreement between the Juarez System data and the information in vaccination record booklets were verified. RESULTS: 429 children were included. It was found that agreement ranged between 84.1% and 99.1%. The vaccine survey found that coverage for each vaccine ranged from 86.01% to 100% and for the full schedule, from 77.1% (12 months) to 68.8% (24 months). The spatial distributions of vaccine coverage ranged from 28% to 100%. CONCLUSION: There was excellent agreement between the data, with high vaccination coverage, but heterogeneity in their spatial distributions.

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PURPOSE: To analyse the factors associated with the completeness of the vaccination schedule of children at 12 and 24 months of age, in a Brazilian municipality. DESIGN AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted in Araraquara-São Paulo with a probabilistic sample of 388 children born in 2015. The completeness of the vaccination schedule at 12 and 24 months of age was considered a dependent variable. Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, use of health services and vaccination were the independent variables. For analysis, descriptive statistics and Poisson regression with robust variance were used. RESULTS: The completeness of the vaccination schedule at 12 and 24 months of age was identified in 77.1% and 68.8% of children, respectively. Coverage at 12 months was greater among children of mothers who received guidance from health professionals on vaccination or had health problems during childbirth or in the first seven days. Those who reported a previous episode of adverse reaction to the vaccine, coverage was lower. Coverage at 24 months was greater among those who received guidance from health professionals on vaccination or had health problems during childbirth or in the first seven days. Those who reported a previous episode of adverse reaction to the vaccine, coverage was lower. CONCLUSIONS: This study points to the importance of guiding health professionals, particulary nurses, on the vaccination and vaccine safety. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: It is necessary the competent act of the health professionals in of immunization programs, as they are able to provide clear and accurate information of the vaccination.

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O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a tendência de prematuridade no Brasil, entre 2012 e 2019, segundo características sociodemográficas, do pré-natal e parto. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico de série temporal, em que foram calculadas as proporções de prematuridade segundo as regiões do Brasil, idade materna, escolaridade materna, raça/cor, número de consultas pré-natal e tipo de parto, a partir dos dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos (Sinasc). Sequencialmente, foram aplicados modelos de regressão polinomial para análise de tendência temporal. De 2012 a 2019, a proporção de prematuridade no Brasil apresentou tendência decrescente, variando de 10,87% a 9,95%, com a menor proporção em 2015, que foi de 9,77%. As mulheres na faixa etária de 45 anos ou mais e com 4 a 6 consultas de pré-natal apresentaram as maiores proporções de prematuridade para o período (14,88% a 17,92%) e com tendência crescente. Já as mulheres analfabetas e indígenas mostraram tendência decrescente para o período, apesar de terem as maiores proporções de prematuridade (15,75% a 11,74%). Há uma tendência decrescente de prematuridade no Brasil, especialmente em mulheres mais vulneráveis, entretanto, os serviços de saúde precisam melhorar o atendimento das mulheres com idade materna avançada e atrair aquelas com poucas consultas de pré-natal.

The aim of this study is to analyze the trend of prematurity in Brazil from 2012 to 2019, according to sociodemographic, prenatal and childbirth characteristics. This is an ecological time series study, in which the proportions of prematurity were calculated according to the regions of Brazil, maternal age, maternal education, race/color, number of prenatal consultations and type of delivery from the data of Information System on Live Births (SINASC). Sequentially, polynomial regression models were applied to analyze time trends. From 2012 to 2019, the proportion of prematurity in Brazil showed a decreasing trend, ranging from 10.87% to 9.95%, with the lowest proportion in 2015, which was 9.77%. Women aged ≥ 45 years and with 4 to 6 prenatal consultations had the highest proportions of prematurity for the period (14.88% to 17.92%) and with an increasing trend. Illiterate and indigenous women, on the other hand, showed a decreasing trend for the period, despite having the highest proportions of prematurity (15.75% to 11.74%). There is a decreasing trend of prematurity in Brazil, especially in more vulnerable women. However, health services need to improve the care of women with an advanced maternal age and attract women with few prenatal consultations.

El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la tendencia de la prematuridad en Brasil entre 2012 y 2019, según características sociodemográficas, prenatales y del parto. Se trata de un estudio ecológico de series temporales, en el que se calcularon las proporciones de prematuridad según las regiones de Brasil, la edad materna, la educación materna, la adscripción de etnia-raza, el número de consultas prenatales y el tipo de parto, a partir de los datos del Sistema de Información sobre Nacidos Vivos (SINASC). Para ello se aplicaron secuencialmente modelos de regresión polinomial para analizar las tendencias temporales. Desde 2012 hasta 2019, la proporción de prematuridad en Brasil mostró una tendencia decreciente, que va del 10,87 % al 9,95 %, con la proporción más baja en 2015, que fue de 9,77 %. Las mujeres de 45 años o más y con cuatro a seis consultas prenatales tuvieron las mayores proporciones de prematurez del período (14,88 % a 17,92 %) y con una tendencia creciente. Las mujeres analfabetas e indígenas, por su parte, mostraron una tendencia decreciente para el período, a pesar de tener las mayores proporciones de prematuridad (entre 15,75 % y 11,74 %). Existe una tendencia decreciente de la prematuridad en Brasil, especialmente entre las mujeres más vulnerables a pesar de lo cual los servicios de salud deben mejorar la atención de las mujeres con edad materna avanzada y atraer a mujeres con pocas consultas prenatales.

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Objetivo: Descrever a concordância entre os dados de imunização do Sistema Juarez e as informações da caderneta de vacinação e as coberturas vacinais em crianças de 12 a 24 meses. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, para avaliar a situação vacinal aos 12 e 24 meses de idade de crianças nascidas em 2015 e registradas no Sistema Juarez. Foram verificados os níveis de concordância entre os dados do Sistema Juarez e as informações da caderneta de vacinação. Resultados: Foram incluídas 429 crianças. Verificou-se que a concordância variou entre 84,1 e 99,1%. As coberturas no inquérito vacinal para cada vacina variaram de 86,1 a 100%; e para o esquema completo, de 77,1 (12 meses) a 68,8% (24 meses). As distribuições espaciais da cobertura vacinal foram de 28 a 100%. Conclusão: Observou-se ótima concordância entre os dados, com altas coberturas vacinais, muito embora heterogeneidade em suas distribuições espaciais.

Objetivo: Describir la concordancia entre los datos de vacunación del Sistema Juárez y la información de la cartilla de vacunación y cobertura vacunal en niños de 12 a 24 meses. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo para evaluar el estado de vacunación a los 12 y 24 meses de edad de los niños nacidos en 2015 e inscritos en el Sistema Juárez. Se verificaron los niveles de concordancia entre los datos del Sistema Juárez y la información del carné de vacunación. Resultados: Se incluyeron 429 niños. Se encontró que la concordancia varió entre 84,1 y 99,1%. La cobertura (encuesta de vacunas) para cada vacuna varió de 86% a 100% y para el esquema completo, 77,1% (12 meses) y 68,8% (24 meses). Las distribuciones espaciales de la cobertura vacunal oscilaron entre el 28% y el 100%. Conclusión: excelente concordancia entre los datos, alta cobertura de vacunación, pero heterogeneidad en sus distribuciones espaciales.

Objective: To describe agreement between the Juarez System immunization data and information in vaccination record booklets and vaccination coverage in children aged 12 to 24 months. Methods: This was a descriptive study to assess the vaccination status at 12 and 24 months of age of children born in 2015 and recorded on the Juarez System. The levels of agreement between the Juarez System data and the information in vaccination record booklets were verified. Results: 429 children were included. It was found that agreement ranged between 84.1% and 99.1%. The vaccine survey found that coverage for each vaccine ranged from 86.01% to 100% and for the full schedule, from 77.1% (12 months) to 68.8% (24 months). The spatial distributions of vaccine coverage ranged from 28% to 100%. Conclusion: There was excellent agreement between the data, with high vaccination coverage, but heterogeneity in their spatial distributions.

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RESUMO O objetivo foi avaliar a correlação entre indicadores de estrutura - recursos físicos e trabalhadores - e de processo - produção do psicólogo e do psiquiatra - e a magnitude do apoio matricial realizado. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, descritivo-analítico, baseado em dados secundários do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde, abrangendo as Coordenadorias Regionais de Saúde de São Paulo, no período de 2014 a 2018. À medida que a produção do psicólogo na atenção básica aumenta, a frequência do matriciamento aumenta. Isso pode ocorrer, pois o psicólogo, como profissional do campo, pode facilitar a articulação entre os serviços. Ao mesmo tempo, conforme a produção do psiquiatra da atenção básica aumenta, a frequência do matriciamento diminui. Uma possibilidade de explicação para tal contradição seria a não superação do modelo médico hegemônico. O município tem uma realidade complexa e heterogênea, diferentemente de todo o Brasil. As coordenadorias possuem grandes e importantes diferenças entre si, o que torna a pesquisa um desafio. No entanto, o matriciamento e as ações compartilhadas entre as unidades são metas importantes para a gestão municipal, o que destaca a necessidade da realização de pesquisas no campo.

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between structural (physical resources and workers) and process (psychologist and psychiatrist procedures) indicators and the magnitude of the matrix support carried out. This is an ecological, descriptive-analytical study, based on secondary data from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System, covering the Regional Health Coordinators of São Paulo, from 2014 to 2018. Results show the bigger the amount of procedures conducted by psychologists in primary care, the higher the matrix support performed. A possible explanation is the fact that such professional can more easily articulate different types of service, given the expertise acquired by working in the field. On the other hand, the opposite happens between psychiatrist procedures and matrix support, which may indicate the hegemonic medical model is still in place and working as a barrier. São Paulo presents a very diverse and complex reality, which is different from other regions of the country and also results in important differences across health coordinators, making this research very challenging. Nevertheless, matrix support and shared actions among health units must be encouraged given its importance for the city management. Hence, more researches are needed in the field.

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Resumo O objetivo do estudo é analisar a associação entre as desigualdades sociais e o risco gestacional em regiões administrativas do estado do Espírito Santo. Estudo transversal, com base em duas regiões administrativas do estado do Espírito Santo. A amostra foi composta por 1.777 mulheres que realizaram o pré-natal nos municípios da Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória (RMGV-ES) e Microrregião de São Mateus internadas nos estabelecimentos da rede pública de saúde, por ocasião do parto, entre 2010 e 2012/2013. Realizou-se Regressão Logística Multivariada para testar a associação entre variáveis sociais e risco gestacional. As variáveis que apresentaram nível de significância menor que 20% no teste Qui-quadrado foram utilizadas para o modelo final, permanecendo aquelas com significância menor que 5%. Encontrou-se associação entre alto risco gestacional e o local de moradia da mulher na RMGV-ES (OR = 1,74; IC 95% 1,32-2,28), a chefia da mulher na família (OR = 3,03; IC 95% 1,64-5,61), a escolaridade da chefia familiar menor que cinco anos (OR = 1,58; IC 95% 1,14-2,20) e o recebimento do benefício social "Bolsa Família" (OR = 1,46; IC 95% 1,04-2,03). Apesar de algumas variáveis sociais comporem a classificação do risco gestacional, outros fatores sociais revelaram-se como produtores do risco gestacional.

Abstract This study aims to analyze the association between social inequalities and gestational risk in administrative regions of the state of Espírito Santo. This is a cross-sectional study based on two administrative regions of the state of Espírito Santo. The sample consisted of 1,777 women who underwent prenatal care in the municipalities of the Greater Vitória Metropolitan Region (RMGV-ES) and São Mateus Microregion (MRSM) and were admitted to the public health facilities at the time of delivery between 2010 and 2012/2013. The multivariate logistic regression was performed to test the association between social and gestational risk variables. Variables with a significance level < 0.20 in the Chi-square test were adopted for the final model, and only those variables with a p-value < 0.05 remained. An association was found between high gestational risk and women's dwelling place in the RMGV-ES (OR = 1.74; CI95% 1.32-2.28), women as head of households (OR = 3.03; CI95% 1.64-5.61), head of household with less than five years of schooling (OR = 1.58; CI95% 1.14-2.20) and receipt of social benefit "Bolsa Família" (Family Grant) (OR = 1.46; CI95% 1.04-2.03). While some social variables underpin the classification of gestational risk, other social factors have been shown to produce this risk.

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This study aims to analyze the association between social inequalities and gestational risk in administrative regions of the state of Espírito Santo. This is a cross-sectional study based on two administrative regions of the state of Espírito Santo. The sample consisted of 1,777 women who underwent prenatal care in the municipalities of the Greater Vitória Metropolitan Region (RMGV-ES) and São Mateus Microregion (MRSM) and were admitted to the public health facilities at the time of delivery between 2010 and 2012/2013. The multivariate logistic regression was performed to test the association between social and gestational risk variables. Variables with a significance level < 0.20 in the Chi-square test were adopted for the final model, and only those variables with a p-value < 0.05 remained. An association was found between high gestational risk and women's dwelling place in the RMGV-ES (OR = 1.74; CI95% 1.32-2.28), women as head of households (OR = 3.03; CI95% 1.64-5.61), head of household with less than five years of schooling (OR = 1.58; CI95% 1.14-2.20) and receipt of social benefit "Bolsa Família" (Family Grant) (OR = 1.46; CI95% 1.04-2.03). While some social variables underpin the classification of gestational risk, other social factors have been shown to produce this risk.

O objetivo do estudo é analisar a associação entre as desigualdades sociais e o risco gestacional em regiões administrativas do estado do Espírito Santo. Estudo transversal, com base em duas regiões administrativas do estado do Espírito Santo. A amostra foi composta por 1.777 mulheres que realizaram o pré-natal nos municípios da Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória (RMGV-ES) e Microrregião de São Mateus internadas nos estabelecimentos da rede pública de saúde, por ocasião do parto, entre 2010 e 2012/2013. Realizou-se Regressão Logística Multivariada para testar a associação entre variáveis sociais e risco gestacional. As variáveis que apresentaram nível de significância menor que 20% no teste Qui-quadrado foram utilizadas para o modelo final, permanecendo aquelas com significância menor que 5%. Encontrou-se associação entre alto risco gestacional e o local de moradia da mulher na RMGV-ES (OR = 1,74; IC 95% 1,32-2,28), a chefia da mulher na família (OR = 3,03; IC 95% 1,64-5,61), a escolaridade da chefia familiar menor que cinco anos (OR = 1,58; IC 95% 1,14-2,20) e o recebimento do benefício social "Bolsa Família" (OR = 1,46; IC 95% 1,04-2,03). Apesar de algumas variáveis sociais comporem a classificação do risco gestacional, outros fatores sociais revelaram-se como produtores do risco gestacional.

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This study aimed to investigate the existence and magnitude of the association between advanced maternal age (AMA) and occurrence of placenta praevia (PP) and placental abruption (PA) among nulliparous and multiparous women, by a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched articles published between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2015, in any language, in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS. Women were grouped into two age categories: up to 34 years old and 35 years or older. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies. A meta-analysis was conducted for the PP and PA outcomes, using a meta-regression model to find possible covariates associated with heterogeneity among the studies and Egger's test to assess publication bias. The protocol of this systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) system (CRD42016045594). Twenty-three studies met the criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. For both outcomes, an increase in age increased the magnitude of association strength, and PP (OR = 3.16, 95%CI: 2.79-3.57) was more strongly associated with AMA than PA (OR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.35-1.54). For parity, there was no difference between nulliparous and multiparous women considered older for the PP and PA outcomes. Our review provided very low-quality evidence for both outcomes, since it encompasses observational studies with high statistical heterogeneity, diversity of populations, no control of confounding factors in several cases, and publication bias. However, the confidence intervals were small and there is a dose-response gradient, as well as a large magnitude of effect for PP.

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This study aimed to investigate the existence and magnitude of the association between advanced maternal age (AMA) and occurrence of placenta praevia (PP) and placental abruption (PA) among nulliparous and multiparous women, by a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched articles published between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2015, in any language, in the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS. Women were grouped into two age categories: up to 34 years old and 35 years or older. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies. A meta-analysis was conducted for the PP and PA outcomes, using a meta-regression model to find possible covariates associated with heterogeneity among the studies and Egger's test to assess publication bias. The protocol of this systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) system (CRD42016045594). Twenty-three studies met the criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. For both outcomes, an increase in age increased the magnitude of association strength, and PP (OR = 3.16, 95%CI: 2.79-3.57) was more strongly associated with AMA than PA (OR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.35-1.54). For parity, there was no difference between nulliparous and multiparous women considered older for the PP and PA outcomes. Our review provided very low-quality evidence for both outcomes, since it encompasses observational studies with high statistical heterogeneity, diversity of populations, no control of confounding factors in several cases, and publication bias. However, the confidence intervals were small and there is a dose-response gradient, as well as a large magnitude of effect for PP.

Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a existência e magnitude da associação entre idade materna avançada (AMA) e ocorrência de placenta prévia (PP) e descolamento placentário (DP) entre mulheres nulíparas e multíparas, por meio de uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise. Nós pesquisamos artigos publicados entre 1º de janeiro de 2005 e 31 de dezembro de 2015, em qualquer idioma, nos seguintes bancos de dados: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science e LILACS. As mulheres foram agrupadas em duas categorias de idade: até 34 anos e 35 anos ou mais. A Escala Newcastle-Ottawa foi utilizada para avaliar a qualidade metodológica dos estudos. Uma meta-análise foi realizada para os desfechos PP e DP, usando um modelo de meta-regressão para encontrar possíveis covariáveis associadas à heterogeneidade entre os estudos e o teste de Egger para avaliar o viés de publicação. O protocolo desta revisão sistemática foi registrado no sistema PROSPERO (CRD42016045594). Vinte e três estudos preencheram os critérios e foram incluídos na meta-análise. Para ambos os resultados, um idade mais avançada aumentou a magnitude da associação, e PP (OR = 3,16, IC95%: 2,79-3,57) foi mais fortemente associado com AMA do que DP (OR = 1,44, IC95%: 1,35-1,54). Ao estratificar por paridade, não houve diferença entre nulíparas e multíparas de idade materna avançada para os desfechos de PP e DP. Nossa revisão forneceu evidências de baixa qualidade para ambos os resultados, uma vez que abrange estudos observacionais com alta heterogeneidade estatística, diversidade de populações, sem controle de fatores de confundimento em vários casos e viés de publicação. No entanto, os intervalos de confiança eram pequenos e há um gradiente dose-resposta, bem como uma grande amplitude de efeito para o PP.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la existencia y la magnitud de la asociación entre la edad materna avanzada (AMA) y la aparición de placenta previa (PP) y desprendimiento de la placenta (DP) entre mujeres nulíparas y multíparas, mediante una revisión sistemática y un metanálisis. Se realizaron búsquedas en los artículos publicados entre el 1º de enero de 2005 y el 31 de diciembre de 2015, en cualquier idioma, en las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y LILACS. Las mujeres se agruparon en dos categorías de edad: hasta 34 años y 35 años o más. La Escala Newcastle-Ottawa se utilizó para evaluar la calidad metodológica de los estudios. Se realizó un metanálisis para los resultados de PP y DP, utilizando un modelo de metarregresión para encontrar posibles covariables asociadas con la heterogeneidad entre los estudios y la prueba de Egger para evaluar el sesgo de publicación. El protocolo de esta revisión sistemática se registró en el Sistema PROSPERO (CRD42016045594). Veintitrés estudios cumplieron los criterios y se incluyeron en el metanálisis. Para ambos resultados, una edad más avanzada aumentó la magnitud de la fuerza de asociación, y PP (OR = 3,16, IC95%: 2,79-3,57) se asoció más fuertemente con AMA que DP (OR = 1,44, IC95%: 1,35-1,54). Cuando se estratificó por paridad, no hubo diferencia entre las mujeres nulíparas y las multíparas consideradas mayores para los resultados de PP y DP. Nuestra revisión proporcionó pruebas de muy baja calidad para ambos resultados, ya que abarca estudios observacionales con alta heterogeneidad estadística, diversidad de poblaciones, ausencia de control de los factores de confusión en varios casos y sesgo de publicación. Sin embargo, los intervalos de confianza fueron pequeños y existe un gradiente de dosis-respuesta, así como una gran magnitud de efecto para PP.

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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to get the genotypic and allelic frequencies of rs1801282 in 179 volunteer donors and 154 patients with Metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Brasilia, Brazil and also examine the association with anthropometric, biochemical and hemodynamic variables in the latter group. MetS comprises a group of diseases resulting from insulin resistance, in-creased risk of type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. MetS is defined by the presence of increased visceral fat, atherogenic dyslipidemia (elevated triglycerides (TGL)), with decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) and increased low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, hypertension (BPH) and disturbances in glucose homeostasis representing a significant burden across the world due to the alarming increase in the incidence over the last decades besides their significant morbidity and mortality. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma (PPARg) has been mentioned as a candidate gene for determining the risk of MetS. It is a member of the nuclear receptors superfamily and a ligand-activated transcription factor, which regulates the expression of genes involved in the network lipogenesis and adipogenesis, insulin sensitivity, energy balance, inflammation, angiogenesis and atherosclerosis. Among the PPARG genetic variants, single nucleotide polymorphism rs1801282 has been the most extensively studied one since it was first described by Yen and cols. in 1997. This polymorphism is characterized by the replacement of a proline (CCC) to an alanine (GCA) at codon 12 of exon B, due to the exchange of a cytosine with a guanine. The Ala allele frequency varies in different ethnic groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DNA was extracted using Chelex-100 method and determinations of genotypes were performed by allele-specific chain reaction. RESULTS: The distribution of genotype frequency of the MetS group was not statistically different from the frequency in the donor population at large. In the first group, genotype frequency was CC to 0.869 and 0.103 for CG, while allelic frequencies were 0.948 for C and 0.052 for G allele. In the group of donors, the genotype and allele frequencies were 0.882 for CC, 0.117 to CG; and 0.941 to 0.059 for G and C, respectively. GG genotype was not found in any of the two groups. The genotype distribution and allele frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No marker could be detected from the analysis of anthropometric, biochemical and hemodynamic variables in the MetS group. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that this polymorphism is not correlated with predisposition to MetS. The results obtained on a small sample of the population of Brasilia, corroborate the data reported in the literature on the prevalence of this polymorphism in PPAR in populations of different ethnic origins.

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