RESUMEN

Background: Adiponectin, encoded by the ADIPOQ gene, is produced mainly by adipose tissue, and meaning as a metabolic and immunological regulator. The polymorphism rs822396 in ADIPOQ gene was previously associated with diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome components in Caucasian and Asiatic populations. The aim was to evaluate the association of the rs822396 polymorphism of the ADIPOQ gene with anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical alterations related to the metabolic syndrome in the Mexican population. Materials and Methods: Measurements, as well as peripheral blood for DNA extraction, were obtained from 434 participants from Mexico. The rs822396 polymorphism genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Statistical analysis was made with IBM-SPSSv20. Results: The rs822396G allele frequency was 22.1% in the Mexican population analyzed. In this study were detected differences according to G allele or GG genotype with the highest means, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage, visceral fat, systolic arterial tension, glucose levels, triglyceride levels, total cholesterol (TC) levels, very low-density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase and with triglycerides/glucose index. Significant differences were found with increased risk in the dominant model (AG/GG) of anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical alterations with regard to metabolic syndrome as the BMI [odds ratio (OR) = 2.19], WC (OR = 2.00), waist/hip index (OR = 1.65), body fat percentage (OR = 2.76), visceral fat (OR = 1.84), glucose levels (OR = 1.95), triglyceride levels (OR = 2.75), TC levels (OR = 1.63), high-density lipoprotein (OR = 1.86), and insulin resistance surrogated by the Triglyceride/glucose index (OR = 2.64). Conclusion: The rs822396 polymorphism of the ADIPOQ gene seems to be a risk factor for obesity and metabolic alterations with regard to the metabolic syndrome in the Mexican population.

Asunto(s)

Adiponectina/genética , Síndrome Metabólico/genética , Obesidad/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Adiposidad , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antropometría , Biomarcadores/sangre , Glucemia , Presión Sanguínea , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Humanos , Resistencia a la Insulina , Lípidos/sangre , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólico/diagnóstico , Síndrome Metabólico/epidemiología , Síndrome Metabólico/fisiopatología , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/diagnóstico , Obesidad/epidemiología , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Fenotipo , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

The therapeutic effects of telmisartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist and a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist, have been demonstrated in several disorders. It has antioxidant and immune response modulator properties and has shown promising results in the treatment of an ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) lesion. In this study, a skeletal muscle (right gastrocnemius muscle) I/R lesion was induced in rats and different reperfusion times (1 h, 24 h, 72 h, 7-day, and 14-day subgroups) were assessed. Furthermore, levels of oxidative markers such as enzymatic scavengers (catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) and metabolites (nitrates and 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine) were determined. The degree of tissue injury (total lesioned fibers and inflammatory cell count) was also evaluated. We observed an increase in CAT and SOD expression levels under telmisartan treatment, with a decrease in injury and oxidative biomarker levels in the 72 h, 7-day, and 14-day subgroups. Telmisartan reduced oxidative stress and decreased the damage of the I/R lesion.

Asunto(s)

Antihipertensivos/uso terapéutico , Isquemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Telmisartán/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antihipertensivos/farmacología , Humanos , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Daño por Reperfusión , Telmisartán/farmacología

RESUMEN

Background: There is a relationship between obesity and the development of breast cancer; adipocytokines are among the mechanisms related. Objective: To describe the impact of obesity in leptin, adiponectin, resistin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) serum levels in women with breast cancer (BC) and benign breast disease (BBD). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 54 individuals divided into two groups: BC (n = 27) and BBD (n = 27). Serum levels of leptin, adiponectin, resistin and TNF-alpha were determined. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Statistical analysis included mean, standard deviation, median and interquartile range; the differences between groups were determined by Student´s t test, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskall Wallis test to identify differences between the groups. Results: We didn't find any significant differences related to anthropometric characteristics between BC and BBD groups, or to leptin, adiponectin, resistin and TNF-alpha serum levels (p = NS). We found higher leptin serum levels in obese women with BBD compared with non-obese women with BC (med 22.26 versus 4.34 ng/mL; p = 0.028). Adiponectin serum levels in non-obese women from the BC group were higher than serum levels found in non-obese women with BBD (med 7.10 versus 2.22 ng/mL; p = 0.038) Conclusion: We found higher leptin serum levels and lower adiponectin serum levels in BBD women than BC women in this population with high frequency of obesity.

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Introducción: existe relación entre la obesidad y el desarrollo de cáncer de mama (CaM); entre los mecanismos implicados están las adipocitocinas. Objetivo: establecer el efecto de la obesidad sobre los valores séricos de leptina, adiponectina, resistina y el factor de necrosis tumoral-alfa (TNF-alfa) en mujeres con CaM y enfermedad mamaria benigna (EMB). Métodos: estudio transversal analítico. Se determinaron los niveles séricos de leptina, adiponectina, resistina y TNF-alfa, así como el índice de masa corporal (IMC) de 27 mujeres con CaM incidente y 27 con EMB. Se utilizaron promedios, desviaciones estándar, medianas (Me) y rangos intercuartílicos, así como las pruebas t de Student, U de Mann-Whitney y Kruskall-Wallis para identificar diferencias entre los grupos. Resultados: no se encontraron diferencias antropométricas, ni en niveles séricos de TNF-alfa, leptina y resistina entre los grupos (p = NS). Los niveles de leptina de las mujeres con EMB y obesidad fueron significativamente superiores que en las mujeres con CaM no obesas (Me 22.26 frente a 4.34 ng/mL; p = 0.028). Los niveles de adiponectina en mujeres con CaM con IMC sin obesidad fueron mayores que los encontrados en pacientes con EMB con IMC y sin obesidad (Me 7.10 frente a 2.22 ng/mL; p = 0.038). Conclusión: en esta población con elevada frecuencia de obesidad, se encontraron niveles mayores de leptina en mujeres con EMB con respecto a las mujeres con CaM; asimismo, se encontró un patrón inverso en adiponectina.

Asunto(s)

Adipoquinas/sangre , Enfermedades de la Mama/etiología , Obesidad/complicaciones , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangre , Enfermedades de la Mama/sangre , Neoplasias de la Mama/sangre , Neoplasias de la Mama/etiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/sangre , Factores de Riesgo

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Approximately 70% of female breast cancer patients have a body mass index (BMI) >25. In obesity, adipose tissue secretes additional resistin, which prompts a proinflammatory effect through its action on adenylate cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1). Several studies have associated the RETN gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1862513 (-420C

Asunto(s)

Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/sangre , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Proteínas del Citoesqueleto/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Resistina/genética , Adulto , Alelos , Índice de Masa Corporal , Neoplasias de la Mama/etnología , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Expresión Génica , Tamización de Portadores Genéticos , Humanos , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/etnología , Obesidad/genética , Posmenopausia , Premenopausia , Resistina/sangre

RESUMEN

AIM: To evaluate whether a combination of isosorbide dinitrate spray and chitosan gel (10%) topically applied can have additive benefits for management of diabetic foot ulcers. METHODS: In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial, 68 patients were divided into four groups: Group 1: treated with chitosan gel; Group 2: isosorbide dinitrate spray; Group 3: combination of isosorbide dinitrate spray and chitosan gel; Group 4: placebo. RESULTS: Histological analyses showed a significant regeneration in all groups ( p < 0.001). On the final assessment of the ulcer, using the combination was found a wound closure percentage of 71 ± 30, 70 ± 27 using isosorbide dinitrate, 58 ± 30 with chitosan and 50 ± 16 with placebo. The number of patients who achieved complete ulcer closure was six using the combination, four with isosorbide dinitrate, three with chitosan and one with placebo. The progression in the healing process of the ulcer showed marked inmunohistochemical differences of Von Willebrand Factor, desmin, vascular endothelial growth factor-A and α-smooth muscle actin in all groups ( p < 0.001), but without notable differences between them. CONCLUSION: The combination was better than placebo to reduce the dimensions of the ulcer, accelerate healing and increase the number of patients who achieved complete closure of the ulcer, but the combination was not better than chitosan or isosorbide dinitrate used separately.

Asunto(s)

Quitosano/administración & dosificación , Pie Diabético/tratamiento farmacológico , Dinitrato de Isosorbide/administración & dosificación , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Vasodilatadores/administración & dosificación , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Administración Cutánea , Aerosoles , Vendajes , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Quitosano/efectos adversos , Pie Diabético/diagnóstico , Pie Diabético/metabolismo , Método Doble Ciego , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Geles , Humanos , Dinitrato de Isosorbide/efectos adversos , Masculino , México , Piel/metabolismo , Piel/patología , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vasodilatadores/efectos adversos

RESUMEN

Around 25% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) could be refractory to conventional therapies. P-glycoprotein expression on cell surface has been implied on drug resistance, however, to date, it is unknown if P-gp serum levels are associated with SLE disease activity. Evaluate the association of serum P-gp levels and SLE with disease activity despite treatment. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 93 female SLE patients, all receiving glucocorticoids at stable doses for the previous 6 months before to baseline. SLE patients were classified into two groups: (a) patients with active disease [SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) ≥ 3] despite treatment, and (b) patients with inactive disease (SLEDAI < 3) after treatment. Forty-three healthy females comprised the control group. Serum P-gp, anti-DNA, and both anti-nucleosome antibody levels were measured using ELISA. Active-SLE patients despite treatment had higher P-gp levels compared with inactive-SLE after treatment (78.02 ng/mL ± 114.11 vs. 33.75 ng/mL ± 41.11; p = 0.018) or versus reference group subjects (30.56 ng/mL ± 28.92; p = 0.011). P-gp levels correlated with the scores of SLEDAI (r = 0.26; p = 0.01), Mexican-SLEDAI (MEX-SLEDAI) (r = 0.32; p = 0.002), SLICC/ACR damage index (r = 0.47; p < 0.001), and with prednisone doses (r = 0.33; p = 0.001). In the multivariate model, the high P-gp levels were associated with SLICC/ACR score (p = 0.001), and SLEDAI score (p = 0.014). Our findings support a relationship between serum P-gp levels and SLE with disease activity despite treatment, but it requires further validation in longitudinal studies.

Asunto(s)

Miembro 1 de la Subfamilia B de Casetes de Unión a ATP/sangre , Glucocorticoides/administración & dosificación , Inmunosupresores/administración & dosificación , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/tratamiento farmacológico , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/patología , Suero/química , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anticuerpos Antinucleares/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Voluntarios , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) lesions are a phenomenon that occurs in multiple pathological states and results in a series of events that end in irreparable damage that severely affects the recovery and health of patients. The principal therapeutic approaches include preconditioning, postconditioning, and remote ischemic preconditioning, which when used separately do not have a great impact on patient mortality or prognosis. Oxidative stress is known to contribute to the damage caused by I/R; however, there are no pharmacological approaches to limit or prevent this. Here, we explain the relationship between I/R and the oxidative stress process and describe some pharmacological options that may target oxidative stress-states.

Asunto(s)

Estrés Oxidativo , Daño por Reperfusión/patología , Animales , Complejo I de Transporte de Electrón/metabolismo , Humanos , Poscondicionamiento Isquémico , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Oxígeno/metabolismo , PPAR gamma/agonistas , PPAR gamma/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismo

RESUMEN

La ocurrencia de trisomía 21 sólo se ha asociado en forma consistente con la edad materna avanzada. La evidencia de factores genéticos proviene de estudios familiares, consanguinidad y moleculares. Dada la alta ocurrencia de trisomías en abortos de primer trimestre y que la mayoría de las trisomías 21 terminan en abortos, el estudio de la falla reproductiva en familias con un caso de síndrome Down (SD), podría ser un indicador de predisposición a no disminución. Se estudió la ocurrencia de abortos en 48 familias con un caso de trisomía 21 regular y en un grupo control pareado por edad de los padres y orden de gesta, estimando el riesgo de ocurrencia de trisomía 21 ocurrido un primer evento. Se encontró una frecuencia de abortos espontáneos de 9.17 por ciento en el grupo SD y de 2.62 por ciento en el grupo control. La diferencia se mantuvo aún considerando el riesgo de recurrencia de trisomía 21 y fue más marcada en madres de 20-24 años y mayores a 35 años. Nuestros resultados sugieren la existencia de factores intrínsecos, probablemente genético que influyen en la ocurrencia de no disyunción

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Embarazo , Recién Nacido , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Aberraciones Cromosómicas/genética , Aborto Habitual/epidemiología , Aborto Habitual/genética , Edad Materna , Síndrome de Down/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Down/genética