RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: During the past few years there have been changes in the availability of opioids in Spain, and new policies on palliative care have been implemented. The aim of this study was to describe the new pattern of opioid consumption in Spain and the associated economic impact. METHODS: A search in the ECOM (Especialidades Consumo de Medicamentos) database of the Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs for the 1992-2006 period was carried out. This database contains information on prescriptions of primary care medicines that are covered by the National Health System in Spain. RESULTS: Since 1992, overall opioid consumption has increased 14-fold, from 0.3 DDD/1000 inhabitants per day to 4.4 DDD/1000 inhabitants per day. For the six drugs that require a special prescription form--morphine, methadone, oxycodone pethidine, tilidine and fentanyl--consumption increased from 0.1 DDD/1000 inhabitants per day in 1992 to 1.2 in 2006. During this same period, the total costs of these prescriptions increased by 36.8-fold, and the cost per day and per patient doubled. CONCLUSION: A huge increase in opioid consumption has occurred during the time period covered by this study, with fentanyl consumption accounting for most of that increase. Although oral morphine is the first-choice drug among strong opioids, fentanyl is currently the most consumed.
Asunto(s)
Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapéutico , Fentanilo/uso terapéutico , Analgésicos Opioides/economía , Interpretación Estadística de Datos , Prescripciones de Medicamentos/estadística & datos numéricos , Utilización de Medicamentos , Humanos , Morfina/uso terapéutico , Cuidados Paliativos , España/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have revealed a rise in the use of anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs as well as the improper use thereof in Western countries. This study is aimed at ascertaining the pattern of use of anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs in Spain within the 1995-2002 period. METHODS: The data related to the use of medications was taken from the Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs' ECOM (Medicinal Products Consumption) database, which includes information on the use of medications delivered through the community pharmacies and reimbursed by the National Health System. The data are expressed in Defined Daily Doses per 1,000 inhabitants per day. RESULTS: The use of anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs rose from 39.71 Defined Daily Doses per 1,000 inhabitants per day in 1995 to 62.02 in 2002. Throughout the period under study, benzodiazepines having a medium-range half-life (8-24 h.) were those most used, especially lorazepam, alprazolam and lormetazepam. The active ingredient having shown the greatest drop in use was flunitrazepam. CONCLUSIONS: Although the use of anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs has undergone a considerable rise in recent years in Spain, the pattern of use has shown no major changes.
Asunto(s)
Ansiolíticos , Revisión de la Utilización de Medicamentos , Hipnóticos y Sedantes , Bases de Datos como Asunto , Humanos , EspañaRESUMEN
Fundamento: Estudios recientes han señalado un aumento en el consumo de ansiolíticos e hipnóticos, así como su uso inadecuado, en países occidentales. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer su patrón de utilización en España entre los años 1995 y 2002.Métodos: Los datos de consumo de medicamentos se obtuvieron de la base de datos ECOM (Especialidades Consumo de Medicamentos) del Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, que contiene información sobre el consumo de medicamentos dispensados con cargo al Sistema Nacional de Salud en farmacias comunitarias. Los datos se expresaron en Dosis Diarias Definidas por 1.000 habitantes y día. Resultados: La utilización de ansiolíticos e hipnóticos creció desde 39,71 Dosis Diarias Definidas por 1.000 habitantes y día en 1995 a 62,02 en 2002. A lo largo del periodo estudiado las benzodiazepinas de vida media intermedia (8-24 horas) fueron los medicamentos más utilizados, en especial lorazepam, alprazolam y lormetazepam. El principio activo que más disminuyó su consumo fue el flunitrazepam. Conclusiones: Aunque el consumo de ansiolíticos e hipnóticos en España experimentó un notable incremento en los últimos años, el patrón de consumo no presentó modificaciones sustanciales (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Hipnóticos y Sedantes , Ansiolíticos , Revisión de la Utilización de Medicamentos , Bases de Datos como Asunto , EspañaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Over the past ten years, new drugs and new approaches to treatment have been implemented making it possible to assume changes in the use of antipsychotic drugs in our environment. This study is aimed at characterizing the pattern of use of antipsychotic drugs in Castile and Leon throughout the 1990-2001 period as well as ascertaining the bearing which the marketing of new antipsychotic drugs may have had on the pattern of consumption of these drugs. METHODS: The drug consumption data was obtained from the Ministry of Health and Consumer Affairs' consumption database ECOM (Especialidades Consumo de Medicamentos). This database contains information on the consumption of medications dispensed charged to the Social Insurance system in community pharmacies nationwide. To estimate the consumption outside of the National Health System, data from the IMS (International Marketing Services) firm for the years 2000 and 2001 was used. The data was given in Defined Daily Doses/1000 inhabitants/day. RESULTS: The use of antipsychotic drugs rose by 146% within the 1990-2001 period. Throughout the period studied, haloperidol was the antipsychotic drug most used in Spain and in Castile and Leon. The atypical antipsychotic drugs totaled 49% of the total consumption for 2001 and 90% of the costs, a strong trend being found toward an increase in the consumption of these atypical antipsychotic drugs in detriment to the typical antipsychotic drugs. It has been estimated that 14% of the antipsychotic drugs used in Castile and Leon were used outside of the National Health System.. Appreciable differences exist among the different provinces. CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of antipsychotic drugs in Castile and Leon grew by 146% throughout the twelve months studied. The marketing of new atypical antipsychotic drugs and the legal measures related to the deinstitutionalization of mental patients may have played a major role in this increase. The marketing of the new antipsychotic drugs has led to a change in their pattern of use and has give rise to an rise in the direct costs. The consumption of these medications not charged to the National Health System is minor, but not negligible.