RESUMEN

Se ha podido comprobar que la actividad deportiva de competición en la mujer produce alteraciones del ciclo menstrual, siendo las disfunciones de mayor o menor intensidadd ependiendo del nivel de esfuerzo. Objetivo: Conocer las modificaciones hormonales de estrógenos, p rogesterona y gonadotropinas, inducidas por el ejercicio físico de distinta intensidad en la mujer. Material y métodos: Se ha estudiado una muestra constituida por 92 atletas amenorreicas de la Comunidad de Castilla y León con un tiempo mínimo dedicado a la actividad deportiva de 5 años. Se clasificaron en función del esfuerzo que realizaban. Así mismo se utilizó un grupo control de 29 mujeres amenorreicas, que no practicaban deporte ni lo habían practicado. Las determinaciones hormonales se realizaron en época de competición, determinándose por la técnica de radio inmunoensayo. La valoración estadística se realizó mediante un análisis de varianza. Resultados: Se ha comprobado que los valores de estrógenos eran inferiores en las atletas que hacían ejercicio de larga duración (21.50 pg/ml) , que en el resto de las atletas. La progesterona presenta valores similares en todas las deportistas (2.57 pg/ml) aunque inferiores al control. La FSH y LH se encuentra dentro de los límites normales bajos (7.31 y 5.30 mIU/ml, pero menores que el grupo control. Conclusiones: El ejercicio físico produce modificaciones hormonales en la mujer, aunque posiblemente, existen otros factores externos que junto con el deporte, condicionan dichas alteraciones

It has been shown that competitive sports activities in women cause disturbances in their menstrual cycle of greater or lesser intensity, depending on the level of effort involved. Aim: The aim of the present study was to determine the alterations occurring in fue levels of estrogens, progesterone and gonadotropins induced in women by the practice of physical exercise of different intensity. A sample comprising 92 women athletes with amenorrhea from the Community of Castilla-León who had devoted at least 5 years to sports activities was studied. The women were classified according to fue degree of effort involved. The control group comprised 29 amenorrhoeic women who were not practising nor had ever been involved in any kind of sports activity. The women's hormonal status was assessedb y RIA during sports tournments. For statistical evaluations of fue results, analysis of variance was used. Results: It was observed that estrogen levels were lower in the athletes practising sport of long duration (21.50 pg/ml) than in the rest of the athletes. Progesterone levels showed similar values for all women practising sports (2.57 pg/ml) but were lower than in the control group. FSH and LH levels were in the lower normal range (7.31 and 5.30 mIU/ml) for these hormones but lower than in the control group. Conclusions: Physical exercise is responsible for modifications in hormone levels, although other external factors, together with sports activities, mar condition such modifications

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Objetivos: Conocer la respuesta en el campo de la odontología de dos anestésicos locales que se utilizan habitualmente, como son la articaína y la lidocaína, así como los efectos adversos que se pudieran generar sobre el SNC, sobre los controles cardiocirculatorios y estructuras de la zona de infiltración. Pacientes: Se incluyeron en el estudio 264 pacientes distribuidos de forma aleatoria en dos grupos de 198 y 66 pacientes, que recibieron articaína y lidocaína respectivamente, cuyas edades estaban comprendidas entre los 19 y 56 años. Métodos: Los pacientes fueron controlados mediante un pulsioxímetro BPM 200 antes de iniciar el procedimiento, después de la anestesia, al comenzar la extracción y finalizada esta. La presión arterial se controló mediante tensiómetro digital OMRON M4-I. Los anestésicos utilizados fueron la lidocaína al 2 % con epinefrina y articaína al 4 % con epinefrina, ambos a una concentración de 1: 100.000. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante el análisis de la varianza. Se analizó mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 11 implementado para PC. El nivel de confianza fue del 80 % en la detección del riesgo relativo, con un rango de 1,84 o mayor, y de 0,54 o menor, para un nivel de significación de 0,05. Conclusión: La lidocaína como la articaína asociadas a epinefrina, pueden considerarse como anestésicos locales, adecuados y seguros en la práctica odontoestomatológica. Hay que tener singular cuidado en la utilización de estos anestésicos locales en pacientes hipertensos o con problemas cardiocirculatorios, por lo que sería conveniente el control con pulsioxímetro.

Objetives To know the answer in the field the odontolgy the two anesthetic premises that are used habitually, like are articaine and lidocaine, as well as the adverse effects that could be generated on the SNC, the cardiovascular controls and structures of the infiltration area. Patients: They were included in the study 264 distributed patients in a random way in two groups of 198 and 66 patients that received articaína and lidocaína respectively whose ages were between the 19 and 56 years. Methods: The patients were controlled by means of oximeter BPM 200 before beginning the procedure, after the anesthesia, when beginning the extraction and concluded this. The blood pressure was controlled by means of digital sphygmomanometer OMRON M4-I. The anesthetic ones used went lidocaine to the 2 % with epinephrine and articaine to 4 % with epinephrine, both to a concentration of 1: 100.000. The statistical analysis was made by means of the analysis of the variance. It was analyzed by means of the statistical package SPSS version 11 implemented for PC. The level of trust was of 80 % in the detection of the relative risk, with a range of the 1.84 or greater, one and of 0.54 or minor, for a level of significance of 0,05. Conclusión: Lidocaine like articaine associated to epinephrine, they can be considered as the local, adecuated and safe anesthetics in the dental practice. It is necessary to have singular taken care of in the use of these local anesthetics in hypertense patients or with cardiovascular problems, reason why the control with pulsioxymetry would be adecuated.

Resumo Objetivos: Para saber a resposta no campo o odontologia as duas premisoes anestésicas que são usadas habitualmente, como estão o articaine e o lidocaine, os efeitos adversos que poderiam ser gerados no SNC, os controles e as estruturas cardiovascular da área da infiltração. Pacientes: Foram incluídos nos pacientes distribuídos do estudo 264 em uma maneira aleatória em dois grupos de 198 e 66 pacientes que receberam o articaína e o lidocaína respectivamente cujas idades se realizavam entre os 19 e 56 anos. Métodos: Os pacientes eram controlados por meio do oxímetro BPM 200 antes de começar o procedimento, após o anestesia, ao começar a extração e concluído isto. A pressão de sangue era controlada por meio do sphygmomanometer digital OMRON M4-I. Anestésicos usados foram lidocaine aos 2 % com epinephrine e articaine a 4 % com epinephrine, ambos a uma concentração de 1: 100.000. A análise estatística foi feita por meio da análise da variação. Foi analisado por meio da versão estatística 11 do pacote SPSS executada para o PC. O nível da confiança era de 80 % na deteção do risco relativo, com uma escala do 1.84 ou mais grande, um e de 0.54 ou menor, para um nível de um significado de 0.05. conclusão conclusão: O lidocaine gosta do articaine associado ao epinephrine, podem ser considerados como anestésicos locais adequados e seguros na prática dental. É necessário ter cuidado tomado singular no uso destes anestésicos locais em pacientes da hipertensão ou com problemas cardiovasculares, raciocine porque o controle com pulsioximetria seria adequada.

RESUMEN

OBJETIVOS: Actualmente, gran número de mujeres, utilizan la THS para controlar sus problemas hormonales durante la menopausia. Del mismo modo, un porcentaje alto de ellas, presentan problemas en la cavidad bucal a nivel del periodonto. Es por ello que se ha marcado el siguiente objetivo para la realización del trabajo: Analizar el efecto que la menopausia, al producirse una disminución de hormonas, fundamentalmente de estrógenos, puede tener sobre la salud bucodental de la mujer y en concreto, sobre las características de la encía y el periodonto, verificando si estas características en cuanto a recesión gingival, dolor, movilidad dental y bolsas periodontales, nos permiten valorar el grado de descalcificación en la mujer menopáusica.PACIENTES: Mujeres en época menopáusica de 40 a 58 años, sometidas a terapia hormonal sustitutiva y que presentaban problemas gingivo-periodontales. La población total del estudio se constituyó con 210 pacientes. Se dividieron en dos grupos: uno que recibió THS con parches y otro que no recibió dicha terapia.MÉTODO: Se estableció para la recogida de datos, un protocolo ginecológico y otro odontoestomatológico. Se realizó una estadística descriptiva para las variables sociodemográficas, análisis de la varianza, test de MacNemar y test de Stuart-Maxwell para valorar la eficacia del tratamiento.RESULTADOS: El rango de edad de las pacientes estudiadas fue de 49 años. La THS actúa de factor de protección en el dolor dental y mejora la movilidad dental, y el sondaje de bolsas periodontales. No se encontraron resultados significativos respecto a la variable recesión gingival, tanto en las pacientes que no recibieron THS, como en las que fueron tratadas con parches.CONCLUSIONES: La respuesta de la THS con respecto a la enfermedad periodontal, está propiciada probablemente, por la presencia de los receptores estrogénicos, localizados en la encía y el ligamento periodontal

AIMS: Currently, an important number of women use HRT to control their hormonal problems during menopause. A large percentage of these have problems at periodontal level. The present study aims at examining the effects that menopause, due to a decline in the synthesis of hormones, mainly of estrogens, can cause on the oral dental health of such women; in particular on the characteristics of the gingiva and periodontium, checking whether characteristics such as gingival recession, pain, tooth mobility and periodontal pocket formation might permit physicians to evaluate the degree of bone loss in menopausal woman.PATIENTS: Menopausal women aged 40 to 58 years of age undergoing hormone replacement therapy that had gingival periodontal disturbances. The total population of the study comprised 210 patients, divided into two groups. One group received HRT administered in patches and the other group did not receive this therapy.METHOD: Gynecologic and odonto-stomatologic protocols were established for data collection. In order to assess the efficacy of the treatment a descriptive statistical study for sociodemographic variables, analysis of variance, Mc Nemar’s test and the Stuart Maxwell test were performed.RESULTS: The mean age of the patients studied was 49.6 years. HRT acts as a protective factor in dental pain and improves tooth mobility and depth of the probing of periodontal pockets. With respect to the variable gingival recession, no significant results were found either for the group not receiving HRT or for the group being treated with patches.CONCLUSIONS: The response to the HR therapy in periodontal disease is probably due to the existence of estrogen receptors localized in the gingiva and in the periodontal ligament

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

AIMS: Currently, an important number of women use HRT to control their hormonal problems during menopause. A large percentage of these have problems at periodontal level. The present study aims at examining the effects that menopause, due to a decline in the synthesis of hormones, mainly of estrogens, can cause on the oral dental health of such women; in particular on the characteristics of the gingiva and periodontium, checking whether characteristics such as gingival recession, pain, tooth mobility and periodontal pocket formation might permit physicians to evaluate the degree of bone loss in menopausal woman. PATIENTS: Menopausal women aged 40 to 58 years of age undergoing hormone replacement therapy that had gingival periodontal disturbances. The total population of the study comprised 210 patients, divided into two groups. One group received HRT administered in patches and the other group did not receive this therapy. METHOD: Gynecologic and odonto-stomatologic protocols were established for data collection. In order to assess the efficacy of the treatment a descriptive statistical study for sociodemographic variables, analysis of variance, McNemar's test and the Stuart-Maxwell test were performed. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients studied was 49.6 years. HRT acts as a protective factor in dental pain and improves tooth mobility and depth of the probing of periodontal pockets. With respect to the variable gingival recession, no significant results were found either for the group not receiving HRT or for the group being treated with patches. CONCLUSIONS: The response to the HR therapy in periodontal disease is probably due to the existence of estrogen receptors localized in the gingiva and in the periodontal ligament.

Asunto(s)