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Peroxidase (PO) has been applied in different areas of industrial biotechnology, including the control of contaminants like aflatoxin B1 in fish feeds. However, its potential negative interactions with the macro and micro components of feeds have not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of PO's addition to a feed on compounds like fatty acids and polyphenols using an in vitro simulation of the digestive tract of the tilapia. The influence on fatty acids was determined by changes in the peroxide index, with the feed including PO presenting values four times higher than those of the control feed. On the other hand, the in vitro digestive simulation also evidenced an effect of PO on the bioaccessibility of polyphenols significantly influenced by the total digestion time and temperature. The bioaccessibility of polyphenol ranged from 2.09 to 16.23 µmol of the total Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity for the combinations evaluated in the study. The greatest bioaccessibility was observed at the central point under the following conditions of digestive hydrolysis: pH of 7, 30 °C, 4.5 h of digestive hydrolysis and an absence of PO.
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The slow-growing, nontuberculous mycobacterium Mycobacterium kumamotonense possesses two rRNA operons, rrnA and rrnB, located downstream from the murA and tyrS genes, respectively. Here, we report the sequence and organization of the promoter regions of these two rrn operons. In the rrnA operon, transcription can be initiated from the two promoters, named P1 rrnA and PCL1, while in rrnB, transcription can only start from one, called P1 rrnB. Both rrn operons show a similar organization to the one described in Mycobacterium celatum and Mycobacterium smegmatis. Furthermore, by qRT-PCR analyses of the products generated from each promoter, we report that stress conditions such as starvation, hypoxia, and cellular infection affect the contribution of each operon to the synthesis of pre-rRNA. It was found that the products from the PCL1 promoter of rrnA play a pivotal role in rRNA synthesis during all stress conditions. Interestingly, the main participation of the products of transcription from the P1 promoter of rrnB was found during hypoxic conditions at the NRP1 phase. These results provide novel insights into pre-rRNA synthesis in mycobacteria, as well as the potential ability of M. kumamotonense to produce latent infections.
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Precursores del ARN , Operón de ARNr , Operón de ARNr/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , ARN Ribosómico/genéticaRESUMEN
In Spanish, the concepts of discapacidad (disability leave) and incapacidad (sick leave) jointly refer to the impairment of a person due to injuries, diseases or deficiencies that limit their activity in a social, personal or occupational field. However, this common link does not imply that both concepts are the same. Statistical data from INE (Instituto Nacional de Estadística: Statistic National Institute) show that Spain had in 2015 3.85 million persons with a disability (59.8% were women). Statistical data from 2015 from INSS (Instituto Nacional de Seguridad Social: Social Security National Institute) show high levels in the number of processes and in workers affected by temporary sick leave, with social costs to the social security system. Both concepts have been updated: about disability leave, Law 39/2006 adjusted terminology by avoiding the use of concepts with discriminating or pejorative connotation. Regarding sick leave, the Ley General de Seguridad Social (General Social Security Law)has been amended and came into effect in January, 2016. It is necessary to know and distinguish these aspects for a better administrative management, and a more oriented information to the affected patient.
Los conceptos de discapacidad e incapacidad hacen referencia conjuntamente al menoscabo de una persona por lesiones, enfermedades o deficiencias que limitan su actividad en el ámbito social, personal o laboral. Pero este nexo común no implica equiparación entre ambos. Datos estadísticos del 2015 del Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE) muestran en España 3.85 millones de personas con alguna discapacidad, el 59.8% mujeres. Datos estadísticos del 2015 del Instituto Nacional de la Seguridad Social (INSS), tanto en número de procesos, como de trabajadores afectados por incapacidad muestran cifras elevadas, con costos sociales en prestaciones a cargo de la seguridad social. Ambos conceptos han sido objeto de actualización legislativa: en discapacidad, la Ley 39/2006 ajusta la terminología y evita el uso de conceptos con connotación peyorativa o discriminativa. En incapacidad, la Ley General de la Seguridad Social ha sido modificada y ha entrado en vigor en enero de 2016. Es necesario conocer y diferenciar estos aspectos para una mejor gestión administrativa, e información más orientada al paciente afectado.
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Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Ausencia por Enfermedad/legislación & jurisprudencia , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Ausencia por Enfermedad/economía , España , Terminología como AsuntoRESUMEN
RESUMEN Objetivos: validar el contenido y constructo de la encuesta CTM-3 (Care Transitions Measure- 3 preguntas) modificada. Determinar el nivel de satisfacción de los usuarios con la continuidad de cuidados de enfermería interniveles y relacionarlo con la presencia de Informe de Cuidados de Enfermería tras su última hospitalización. Material y método: estudio de cohortes retrospectivo, con 131 pacientes hospitalizados en el Complejo Hospitalario de Cartagena (España).La satisfacción con la continuidad de cuidados se valoró con el cuestionario CTM-3-modificado, resultado de un proceso de validación realizado sobre el mismo. Resultados: un 94% de los encuestados presenta una satisfacción aceptable con el proceso de continuidad de cuidados. Los pacientes con Informe de Cuidados tienen un nivel alto de satisfacción con la continuidad de cuidados, RR= 0,90 (IC 95%: 0,831-0,990). Conclusiones: La validez de contenido y constructo realizadas, han permitido medir la satisfacción de los usuarios con la continuidad y su correlación con la presencia de informe, obteniendo como resultado que la realización de Informe de Cuidados influye ligeramente en la satisfacción con el proceso de continuidad de cuidados. Sin embargo, el hecho de que el informe se entregue en mano y/o se explique no parece afectar a la misma.
ABSTRACT Objectives: validate the content and construction of the modified CTM-3 survey (Care Transitions Measure - 3 questions). Determine the level of user satisfaction with the continuity of intermediate-level nursing care and relate it to the presence of a nursing care report after the most recent hospitalization. Material and method: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 131 patients hospitalized at the Cartagena Hospital Complex (Spain). Satisfaction with the continuity of care was assessed with the CTM-3-modified questionnaire, which is the result of an earlier validation process. Results: Ninety-four percent (94%) of those who responded to the questionnaire indicated acceptable satisfaction with the continuity-of-care process. Patients with a care report have a high level of satisfaction with the continuity of care: RR = 0.90 (95% CI: 0.831-0.990). Conclusions: The content and construct validity of the questionnaire make it possible to measure user satisfaction with the continuity of care and its correlation to the presence of a care report, the result being that preparation of a care report slightly influences the level of satisfaction with the continuity-of-care process. On the other hand, the fact that the report is delivered by hand and/or explained appears to have no effect.
RESUMO Objetivos: validar o conteúdo e constructo do questionário CTM-3 (Care Transitions Measure - três perguntas) modificado. Determinar o nível de satisfação dos usuários com a continuidade de cuidados de enfermagem interníveis e relacioná-lo com a presença de relatório de cuidados de enfermagem após sua última hospitalização. Material e método: estudo de coortes retrospectivo, com 131 pacientes hospitalizados no Complexo Hospitalar de Cartagena (Espanha). A satisfação com a continuidade de cuidados foi avaliada com o questionário CTM-3-modificado, resultado de um processo de validação realizado sobre este. Resultados: 94 % dos entrevistados apresentam satisfação aceitável com o processo de continuidade de cuidados. Os pacientes com relatório de cuidados têm nível alto de satisfação com a continuidade de cuidados, RR= 0,90 (IC 95 %: 0,831-0,990). Conclusões: a validade de conteúdo e constructo realizada permite medir a satisfação dos usuários com a continuidade e sua correlação com a presença de relatório, obtendo como resultado que a realização de relatório de cuidados influencia levemente na satisfação com o processo de continuidade de cuidados. Contudo, o fato de que o relatório seja entregue em mãos e/ou seja explicado não parece afetá-la.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Satisfacción del Paciente , Mecanismos de Evaluación de la Atención de Salud , Continuidad de la Atención al Paciente , Atención de EnfermeríaRESUMEN
The capacity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to sense, respond and adapt to a variable and hostile environment within the host makes it one of the most successful human pathogens. During different stages of infection, Mtb is surrounded by a plethora of lipid molecules and current evidence points out the relevance of fatty acids during the infectious process. In this study, we have compared the transcriptional response of Mtb to hypoxia in cultures supplemented with a mix of even long-chain fatty acids or dextrose as main carbon sources. Using RNA sequencing, we have identified differential expressed genes in early and late hypoxia, defined according to the in vitro Wayne and Hayes model, and compared the results with the exponential phase of growth in both carbon sources. We show that the number of genes over-expressed in the lipid medium was quite low in both, early and late hypoxia, relative to conditions including dextrose, with the exception of transcripts of stable and non-coding RNAs, which were more expressed in the fatty acid medium. We found that sigB and sigE were over-expressed in the early phase of hypoxia, confirming their pivotal role in early adaptation to low oxygen concentration independently of the carbon source. A drastic contrast was found with the transcriptional regulatory factors at early hypoxia. Only 2 transcriptional factors were over-expressed in early hypoxia in the lipid medium compared to 37 that were over-expressed in the dextrose medium. Instead of Rv0081, known to be the central regulator of hypoxia in dextrose, Rv2745c (ClgR), seems to play a main role in hypoxia in the fatty acid medium. The low level of genes associated to the stress-response during their adaptation to hypoxia in fatty acids, suggests that this lipid environment makes hypoxia a less stressful condition for the tubercle bacilli. Taken all together, these results indicate that the presence of lipid molecules shapes the metabolic response of Mtb to an adaptive state for different stresses within the host, including hypoxia. This fact could explain the success of Mtb to establish long-term survival during latent infection.
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Anaerobiosis , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/fisiología , Estrés Fisiológico , Adaptación Fisiológica , Carbono/metabolismo , Medios de Cultivo/química , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Glucosa/metabolismo , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ARNRESUMEN
This work examined the expression of the septum site determining gene (ssd) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CDC1551 and its ∆sigD mutant under different growing conditions. The results showed an up-regulation of ssd during stationary phase and starvation conditions, but not during in vitro dormancy, suggesting a putative role for SigD in the control of ssd expression mainly under lack-of-nutrients environments. Furthermore, we elucidated a putative link between ssd expression and cell elongation of bacilli at stationary phase. In addition, a -35 sigD consensus sequence was found for the ssd promoter region, reinforcing the putative regulation of ssd by SigD, and in turn, supporting this protein role during the adaptation of M. tuberculosis to some stressful environments.
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Regulación Bacteriana de la Expresión Génica/genética , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genética , Factor sigma/fisiología , Adaptación Fisiológica/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/metabolismo , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Alineación de Secuencia , Estrés FisiológicoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Analyze adolescents' perceptions about support networks and their health needs. METHOD: Analytical and interpretive study using focus groups conducted in municipal state schools in Fortaleza, in the State of Ceará during the first semester of 2012. The sample comprised 36 male and female adolescents aged between 13 and 16 years attending the ninth grade of the second phase of elementary school. RESULTS: Thematic analysis revealed that the health care support network and interaction between health professionals, education professionals and family members was insufficient, constituting a lack of an integrated network to enable and provide support for health promotion. CONCLUSION: Coordination between education, health and family services has the potential to act as a support network to help meet adolescents' healthcare needs and demands.
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Servicios de Salud del Adolescente , Atención a la Salud , Educación , Familia , Apoyo Social , Adolescente , Brasil , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Instituciones AcadémicasRESUMEN
AbstractOBJECTIVEAnalyze adolescents' perceptions about support networks and their health needs.METHODAnalytical and interpretive study using focus groups conducted in municipal state schools in Fortaleza, in the State of Ceará during the first semester of 2012. The sample comprised 36 male and female adolescents aged between 13 and 16 years attending the ninth grade of the second phase of elementary school.RESULTSThematic analysis revealed that the health care support network and interaction between health professionals, education professionals and family members was insufficient, constituting a lack of an integrated network to enable and provide support for health promotion.CONCLUSIONCoordination between education, health and family services has the potential to act as a support network to help meet adolescents' healthcare needs and demands.
ResumenOBJETIVOAnalizar las percepciones de los adolescentes acerca de las redes de apoyo a sus necesidades de salud.MÉTODOEstudio analítico interpretativo, llevado a cabo en escuelas del Municipio de Fortaleza, CE, en el primer semestre de 2012, por medio de grupos focales. Los sujetos de la investigación fueron 36 adolescentes de ambos sexos con edades entre 13 y 16 años y que cursaban el último año de la educación básica brasileña.RESULTADOSEl análisis por categorización temática permitió la comprensión del fenómeno, desvelando que la red de apoyo a los cuidados sanitarios de los adolescentes y la interrelación entre los profesionales sanitarios, la escuela y los familiares es insuficiente, configurándose la ausencia de una red integrada que favorezca y dé soporte a la promoción de su salud.CONCLUSIÓNLa articulación entre los sectores educativo, familiar y sanitario puede funcionar como red de apoyo a las necesidades y demandas de cuidados de los adolescentes.
ResumoOBJETIVOAnalisar as percepções dos adolescentes sobre as redes de apoio a suas necessidades de saúdeMÉTODOEstudo analítico interpretativo, realizado em escolas do Município de Fortaleza, CE, no primeiro semestre de 2012, por meio de grupos focais. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram 36 adolescentes de ambos os sexos com idades entre 13 e 16 anos e que cursavam o 9oano do ensino fundamental II.RESULTADOSA análise por categorização temática permitiu a compreensão do fenômeno, revelando que a rede de apoio aos cuidados à saúde dos adolescentes e a inter-relação entre os profissionais da saúde, da escola e familiares é insuficiente, configurando a ausência de uma rede integrada que favoreça e dê suporte à promoção de sua saúde.CONCLUSÃOA articulação entre os setores educacional, familiar e de saúde pode funcionar como rede de apoio às necessidades e demandas de cuidados dos adolescentes.
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Servicios de Salud del Adolescente , Atención a la Salud , Educación , Familia , Apoyo Social , Brasil , Instituciones AcadémicasRESUMEN
El concepto de "daño laboral" es objeto de controversia en todos los países y la forma de entenderse varía en función de las diferentes normativas legales. Es objetivo de este trabajo valorar las circunstancias de un caso de reclamación de accidente de trabajo con resultado de muerte en un trabajador epiléptico y en el que, como consecuencia de una crisis, se produce un traumatismo craneoencefálico de consecuencias fatales. En el caso se reclama la contingencia de accidente laboral, denegada en primera instancia por la Mutua de accidentes laborales y enfermedades profesionales. En España la definición legal de accidente de trabajo ha sido desarrollada por la jurisprudencia prácticamente en todos los elementos que lo configuran; comprende el concepto de trabajo por cuenta ajena, la lesión, el daño o perjuicio ocasionado físico- psíquico y considera lesión constitutiva de accidente, no sólo la que deriva de es la acción súbita y violenta de un agente exterior sobre el cuerpo humano, sino también el daño que proviene de determinadas enfermedades, como procesos de actuación interna, súbita o lenta, que se produzcan o tengan su origen en el trabajo. En enfermedades comunes como la epilepsia, la falta de un vínculo causal estricto o directo entre la epilepsia y el trabajo no impide que se aplique la presunción legal a los resultados lesivos ocasionados por las crisis comiciales en el lugar y tiempo de trabajo (fallecimiento o lesiones sufridas por caídas originadas por la crisis), dado que los mismos pueden haberse producido con ocasión del trabajo.
The concept of "work-related injury" is controversial in all countries and its design varies depending on the different legal precepts of each one. The objective of this study is to assess the circumstances of a case of a work accident claim resulting in the death of employee suffering from epilepsy and in which, as the result of a crisis, a brain trauma occurs with fatal consequences. Laborer contingency is claimed, but it is denied in the first instance by the Mutual of occupational accidents and diseases. In Spain, the legal definition of an accident at work has been developed by case-law in virtually all the elements that constitute it. It contemplates the concept of gainful employment, damage or injury caused, of physical and mental injury, and it deems as injury or accident not only what results from the sudden and violent action of an external agent on the human body, but also the damage that comes from certain diseases such as internal processes, sudden or slow action, or arising or originating from the job. With common diseases such as epilepsy, the lack of a strict or direct causal link between epilepsy and work does not preclude any legal presumption to the harmful results caused by seizures in the place and time of the job (death or injuries from falls caused by the crisis), as these may have occurred during work.
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The present study describes the phytochemical profile and antioxidant activity of the essential oils of three Piperaceae species collected in the central region of Cuba. The essential oils of Piper aduncum, P. auritum and P. umbellatum leaves, obtained by hydrodistillation, were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main components of P. aduncum oil were piperitone (34%), camphor (17.1%), camphene (10.9%), 1,8-cineol (8.7%) and viridiflorol (7.4%), whereas that of P. auritum and P. umbellatum was safrole (71.8 and 26.4%, respectively). The antioxidant properties of the essential oils were also evaluated using several assays for radical scavenging ability (DPPH test and reducing power) and inhibition of lipid oxidation (ferric thiocyanate method and evaluation against Cucurbita seed oil by peroxide, thiobarbituric acid and p-anisidine methods). P. auritum showed the strongest antioxidant activity among the Piper species investigated, but lower than those of butylated hydroxyanisol and propyl gallate.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/análisis , Aceites Volátiles/química , Piper/química , Cuba , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de MasasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Diagnostic hysteroscopy is an endoscopic technique that allows the evaluation of the endocervical canal and uterine cavity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate indications, complications and referral to operative hysteroscopy. To analyze the correlation between sonographic display, hysteroscopy findings and histological diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective and descriptive study of 904 patients who underwent diagnostic hysteroscopy between January 1, 2008 and June 30, 2012. RESULTS: The most frequent indication was sonographic detection of endometrial polyps (75% were premenopausal and 71.2% postmenopausal). The complication rate associated with the test was 11.4%. The reduction experimented in operative hysteroscopies was from 31.2% in 2008 to 12.2% between January and June 2012. When a polyp or a myoma was detected by sonography, diagnostic hysteroscopy showed them in 64.4% y 62.5% of the cases, respectively. The correlation between hysteroscopic findings and histopathologic diagnosis was 77.7% for normal endometrium, 77.9% for polyps, 17.8% for hyperplasic appearance and 100% for carcinoma suspicion. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic hysteroscopy is a safe technique that allows small interventions avoiding operative hysteroscopies. There is a good relation between hysteroscopic visual inspection and anatomopathologic diagnosis, but biopsy should be taken except if normal endometrium is visualized.
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Histeroscopía/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades Uterinas/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiología , Atención Ambulatoria , Remoción de Dispositivos , Femenino , Hospitales Universitarios , Humanos , Hiperplasia , Infertilidad Femenina/diagnóstico , Infertilidad Femenina/epidemiología , Dispositivos Intrauterinos , Leiomioma/diagnóstico , Leiomioma/epidemiología , Menopausia , México/epidemiología , Pólipos/diagnóstico , Pólipos/epidemiología , Pólipos/patología , Lesiones Precancerosas/diagnóstico , Lesiones Precancerosas/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Enfermedades Uterinas/epidemiología , Hemorragia Uterina/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Uterina/epidemiología , Neoplasias Uterinas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Uterinas/epidemiología , Útero/anomalías , Útero/patologíaRESUMEN
Introducción: las fracturas osteoporóticas constituyen una problemática de creciente trascendenciaen salud pública, por lo que la utilización de herramientas que permitan una valoraciónprecoz y adecuada del riesgo de fractura y el establecimiento de políticas preventivas deberíanser prioritarios. En este trabajo se valora el riesgo de sufrir diferentes tipos Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivotransversal en población general trabajadora delsector socio-sanitario español con edades comprendidasentre 40 y 65 años. El riesgo de fractura de cadera ymayor osteoporótica se calculó mediante la herramientaFRAX para población española. Se incluyeron en elestudio 749 trabajadores seleccionados aleatoriamente:251 varones, 251 mujeres no menopáusicas y 247 mujeresmenopáusicas.Resultados: las edades medias fueron de 46,8 años envarones, 43,9 años en mujeres no menopáusicas y 52,3años en las menopáusicas. El riesgo medio de fracturade cadera y mayor osteoporótica fue de 2,1±1,33 y de0,22±0,36 en varones, 2,65±2,16 y 0,27±0,94 enmujeres no menopáusicas y 3,1±2,93 y 0,44±0,88en mujeres menopáusicas. Presentaron criterios positivosde tratamiento según la National Osteoporosis Foundationel 0,8 % de las mujeres no menopáusicas, un 2 %de las menopáusicas y ninguno de los hombres.Conclusiones: el riesgo de sufrir fracturas osteoporóticasen este colectivo es muy bajo, sin embargo, el uso dela herramienta FRAX puede ser muy útil para detectarel riesgo en sus estadios iniciales y establecer políticas deprevención y actuación precoz que permitan un ahorroen costes y mejorar la salud de nuestra población generalmediante captación en su etapa laboral.
Purpose: Osteoporotic fractures are a significantgrowing problem of public health, so theuse of tools that allow a proper risk assessmentand establishing preventive policies should be apriority. This paper assesses the risk of differenttypes of fractures as much in men as in menopausaland non menopausal women.Patients and methods: A descriptive crosssectionalstudy in working population from theSpanish health system aged between 40 and65. The risk of increased osteoporotic hip fractureis calculated using the FRAX tool for the Spanishpopulation. 749 randomly selected workerswere included in the study, 251 men, 251 nonmenopausal women and 247 post-menopausalwomen.Results: Mean ages were 46.8 years in men, 43.9years in non-menopausal women and 52.3 yearsin the menopausal. The average risk of hip fractureand major osteoporotic was 2.1 ± 1.33 and0.22 ± 0.36 in males, 2.65 ± 2.16 and 0.27 ±0.94 in non-menopausal women 3.1 ± 2.93 and0.44 ± 0.88 in menopausal women. No men, 0.8% of menopausal women and 2 % of menopausaltreatment had positive criteria for treatmentaccording to the National OsteoporosisFoundation.Conclusion: The risk of osteoporotic fracturesin this group is very low, however the use of theFRAX tool can be very useful to detect the riskin its early stages and establishing preventionpolicies that allow cost savings and improve thehealth of our workforce.
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Humanos , Enfermedades Profesionales , Salud Laboral , Osteoporosis , Fracturas OsteoporóticasRESUMEN
La preocupación en todos los países por la salud laboral se ha centrado en el estudio de los factores presentes en el medio laboral y su repercusión sobre el estado de salud de los trabajadores. Con el tiempo, mantener la salud de los trabajadores se ha ido haciendo cada vez más complejo debido a la aparición de nuevas formas de trabajo, con riesgos laborales diversos, utilización de múltiples sustancias y aumento del número de individuos expuestos. Este hecho se hace más evidente si estudiamos las patologías alérgicas de origen laboral; su número se ha incrementado en las últimas décadas, al tiempo que lo hacía el número de sustancias químicas potencialmente irritantes o alergénicas por vía dérmica o respiratoria, utilizadas en el ámbito laboral, capaces de producir sensibilización en el individuo y provocar reacciones alérgicas. Las patologías generadas por estas sustancias y por este mecanismo sensibilizante o irritante de tipo inmunológico, deben ser catalogadas, dentro de la legislación española, como enfermedades profesionales cuando se encuadran en lo establecido en el Real Decreto 1299/2006 de 10 de noviembre de 2006; en concreto, en el grupo 1 (causadas por agentes químicos), grupo 4 ( causadas por inhalación de sustancias y agentes no comprendidas en otros apartados) y grupo 5 (enfermedades de la piel causadas por sustancias y agentes no comprendidas en otros apartados). Por ello nos dedicaremos en esta revisión a las patologías alérgicas de mayor interés en el ámbito laboral: alergias respiratorias laborales - asma, rinitis, alveolitis e hipersensibilidad bronquial-, alergias dermatológicas laborales -dermatosis alérgicas- y otras alergias de interés en medicina del trabajo / salud laboral -alergias laborales en mucosas: alergia ocular(AU)
Asunto(s)
Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Hipersensibilidad , Salud LaboralRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In a previous study, we detected the presence of a Mycobacterium avium species-specific insertion sequence, IS1245, in Mycobacterium kansasii. Both species were isolated from a mixed M. avium-M. kansasii bone marrow culture from an HIV-positive patient. The transfer mechanism of this insertion sequence to M. kansasii was investigated here. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A linear plasmid (pMA100) was identified in all colonies isolated from the M. avium-M. kansasii mixed culture carrying the IS1245 element. The linearity of pMA100 was confirmed. Other analyses suggested that pMA100 contained a covalently bound protein in the terminal regions, a characteristic of invertron linear replicons. Partial sequencing of pMA100 showed that it bears one intact copy of IS1245 inserted in a region rich in transposase-related sequences. These types of sequences have been described in other linear mycobacterial plasmids. Mating experiments were performed to confirm that pMA100 could be transferred in vitro from M. avium to M. kansasii. pMA100 was transferred by in vitro conjugation not only to the M. kansasii strain from the mixed culture, but also to two other unrelated M. kansasii clinical isolates, as well as to Mycobacterium bovis BCG Moreau. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is one of most important mechanisms leading to the evolution and diversity of bacteria. This work provides evidence for the first time on the natural occurrence of HGT between different species of mycobacteria. Gene transfer, mediated by a novel conjugative plasmid, was detected and experimentally reproduced.
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Técnicas de Transferencia de Gen , Transferencia de Gen Horizontal , Mycobacterium avium/genética , Mycobacterium kansasii/genética , Plásmidos/genética , Mycobacterium bovis/genética , Análisis de SecuenciaRESUMEN
The essential oil of Murraya paniculata L leaves from the mountains of the Central Region of Cuba, obtained by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Eighteen compounds, accounting for 95.1% of the oil were identified. The major component was beta-caryophyllene (ca. 30%). The antioxidant activity of essential oil was evaluated against Cucurbita seed oil by peroxide, thiobarbituric acid and p-anisidine methods. The essential oil showed stronger antioxidant activity than that of butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene, but lower than that of propyl gallate. Moreover, this antioxidant activity was supported by the complementary antioxidant assay in the linoleic acid system and 2, 2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. The essential oil also showed good to moderate inhibitory effects against Klebsiellapneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/análisis , Antioxidantes/análisis , Murraya/química , Aceites Volátiles/química , Cuba , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Aceites Volátiles/aislamiento & purificación , Hojas de la Planta/químicaRESUMEN
Objetivo: Analizar la tasa de detección de fetos pequeños para la edad gestacional (PEG) y crecimiento intrauterino restringido (CIR) mediante exploración ecográfica. Método: Estudio retrospectivo de casos y controles. Recién nacidos (RN) de gestaciones únicas a término (entre la semana 37-42) en el Hospital Universitario San Cecilio entre 2009 y 2010. Grupo casos: 98 RN a término con peso al nacer < 2500 g, con peso fetal estimado (PFE) por ecografía en el III trimestre. Grupo control: 100 RN durante el mismo período con peso al nacer entre 3000-4000 g, con PFE por ecografía en el III trimestre obtenido de forma aleatoria. Resultados: La tasa de detección de CIR tipo I fue de un 11,1 por ciento con una incidencia del 0,1 por ciento y la tasa de detección de pequeños para edad gestacional fue de un 56,5 por ciento con una incidencia del 2 por ciento respecto al total de RN. Conclusión: En nuestra experiencia la EPF mediante ecografía en fetos con peso bajo el p10 tiene un error de 6 por ciento respecto al peso neonatal, esto permite una adecuada identificación de fetos con PEG y CIR.
Objective: To analyze the detection rate of small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) fetuses by ultrasound exploration. Methods: Cases and controls retrospective study. Material: Newborn (NB) of singleton pregnancies at term (between 37 and 42 weeks) at the Hospital Universitario San Cecilio between 2009 and 2010 both inclusive. Cases group: 98 at term NB with a birth weight < 2500 g; and an estimated fetal weight (EFW) by ultrasound in the 3rd trimester. Controls Group: 100 NB during the same period of time with birth weight between 3000-4000g, with EFW by ultrasound in the 3rd trimester randomly extracted. Results: The detection rate of small for gestational age infants born was 56.5 percent with 2 percent of incidence and the detection rate of intrauterine growth restriction type I was 11.1 percent with 0.1 percent of incidence within the total number of newborns in the period from 2009 to 2010. Conclusion: In our experience, EPF ultrasound in fetuses with weight below the 10th percentile has an error of 6 percent compared to birth weight, this allows proper identification of fetuses with SGA and IUGR.
Asunto(s)
Recién Nacido , Recién Nacido Pequeño para la Edad Gestacional , Retardo del Crecimiento Fetal , Ultrasonografía Prenatal , Peso al Nacer , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Peso Fetal , IncidenciaRESUMEN
Fibromyalgia is a pain disorder listed in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) of the World Health Organization under the code 729.1. It is a controversial disease that affects young people in many cases during their working years, posing a social and labour problem, in addition to the complexity of its diagnosis, which is based almost exclusively on clinical criteria as few objective data can be obtained from physical examination or additional tests. Nowadays, the criteria for clinical diagnosis of fibromyalgia are established and periodically revised by an Expert Consensus Panel; the most recent document is dated May, 2010. The occupational status of these patients attains an important significance due to the labour costs resulting from this disease and the difficulty in establishing clear and concise parameters for assessing the personal disability of the patients by the legally authorized organizations.
Asunto(s)
Fibromialgia/diagnóstico , Salud Laboral/legislación & jurisprudencia , Fibromialgia/terapia , Humanos , EspañaRESUMEN
Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), followed by multivariate treatment of the spectral data, was used to classify seed oils of the genus Cucurbita (pumpkins) according to their species as C. maxima, C. pepo, and C. moschata. Also, C. moschata seed oils were classified according to their genetic variety as RG, Inivit C-88, and Inivit C-2000. Up to 23 wavelength regions were selected on the spectra, each region corresponding to a peak or shoulder. The normalized absorbance peak areas within these regions were used as predictors. Using linear discriminant analysis (LDA), an excellent resolution among all categories concerning both Cucurbita species and C. moschata varieties was achieved. The proposed method was straightforward and quick and can be easily implemented. Quality control of pumpkin seed oils is important because Cucurbita species and genetic variety are both related to the pharmaceutical properties of the oils.
Asunto(s)
Cucurbita/embriología , Aceites de Plantas/clasificación , Semillas/química , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier/métodos , Cucurbita/genética , Análisis DiscriminanteRESUMEN
The names 'Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus' and 'Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense', proposed by Leao et al. (2009, J Clin Microbiol 47, 2691-2698), cannot be validly published. The purpose of this report is to provide a description in accordance with the Rules of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision). Moreover, the proposal of the name 'Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. massiliense' is contrary to Rule 38 and the correct name of this taxon, at the rank of subspecies, is Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. bolletii comb. nov. A description of Mycobacterium abscessus subsp. abscessus subsp. nov. and an emended description of Mycobacterium abscessus are also given.
Asunto(s)
Mycobacterium/clasificación , Mycobacterium/genética , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Mycobacterium/fisiología , Terminología como AsuntoRESUMEN
El concepto de Trabajador especialmente Sensible, recogido en lanormativa Española de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales, es uno de los campos más atractivos para el Médico del Trabajo y, de forma especial, en aquellas patologías que, como la diabetes, cursan de forma crónica y generan complicaciones evolutivas limitantes en las personas que la sufren. Conviene por ello revisar la legislaciónactual y contrapesarla con los puestos de trabajo y tareas en las que el trabajador diabético puede tener una especial peligrosidad para sí mismo o para su entorno o bien generar un mayor número de complicaciones evolutivas en su proceso, con repercusión laboral, personal y social y jurídica.
The "Restricted Worker" concept, enclosed in the Spanish norm of Occupational Risk Prevention, is one of the most attractive fields for the Occupational Medicine Doctor and specially, in pathologies, like diabetes, that has chronic progress and evolutive causes, limiting complications in those patients. For that reason, it could be good, to review the current legislation and link it with the jobs and tasks that the diabetic worker has a special danger for itself or its surroundings or generate a greater number of evolutive limiting complications in his disease with work, personal and social repercussion.