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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyze the efficacy of the dual trigger (human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) + GnRH agonists) compared to the conventional trigger (hCG) in terms of oocyte retrieval (number and oocyte maturity), fertilization rate or number of embryos with two pronuclei, number of high-quality embryos, number of transferred embryos, number of cryopreserved embryos, implantation rate, positive ß-hCG rate, ongoing pregnancy rate, abortion rate, and live birth rate. METHODS: This search performed in this systematic review included all literature published in the PubMed database of studies on controlled ovarian stimulation with dual trigger compared with conventional trigger. The meta-analysis included clinical trials and prospective cohort studies. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences between groups (dual trigger vs. hCG trigger) in terms of number of oocytes retrieved and live birth rate favored the dual trigger protocol. No statistically significant differences were found in the other studied variables. A tend favoring the dual trigger protocol was observed in all studied parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Dual trigger seems to be more effective in GnRH antagonist cycles in terms of embryo and pregnancy outcome.

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ABSTRACT Background: The consequences of SARSCoV- 2 infection on the mental health of kidney transplant recipients have not yet been investigated. Objectives: This study compares anxiety and quality of life in individuals with a kidney transplant who did or did not test positive for coronavirus. Design: Retrospective study of two prospective cohorts. Participants: Kidney transplant recipients under follow-up in a Spanish tertiary teaching hospital who tested positive for coronavirus (cases); and consecutive kidney recipients who had not suffered the infection (not-cases). Methods: Mortality and case fatality data were compared between the two cohorts for the two pandemic waves. For the second wave (July 1 to December 5, 2020), the data compared between cases (n=22) and not-cases (n=36) were state and trait anxiety (STAI), kidney transplant-related quality of life (KTQ), and mortality as the main outcome variables. Results: 601 transplanted persons of mean age 61.7 years (SD 12.8), 61.9% men. 12.1% (n=73) tested SARS-CoV-2-positive over the first two pandemic waves with a mortality of 2.9% and case fatality of 24.7%. Over the second wave, the mean quality of life score was 4.1 (SD 0.9) and the overall anxiety score was 49 (SD 24.3) for the two cohorts, which did not vary in terms of the impacts of these measures on the descriptive variables examined. Conclusions: Quality of life is invariably affected, and levels of anxiety are high regardless of whether or not they have had a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Over the period examined, mortality was low while coronavirus case fatality was high.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las personas con un trasplante renal forman una población vulnerable para la infección por SARS-CoV-2, lo que las puede llevar a sufrir consecuencias psicológicas que aún no han sido estudiadas. Objetivos: Comparar la incidencia de ansiedad y el nivel de calidad de vida, en personas con un trasplante renal, que se han contagiado de SARS-CoV-2 frente a los que no se han contagiado; así como describir la incidencia de contagios y la mortalidad en la población a estudio. Material y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo de cohortes prospectivas. Durante la segunda ola de la pandemia (del 1 de julio al 5 de diciembre de 2020) se compararon los datos de la cohorte de casos (n=22) y la cohorte de no casos (n=36) en cuanto a ansiedad estado y ansiedad rasgo (medidas con el STAI), la calidad de vida (medida mediante el KTQ) y la mortalidad, como variables de interés principales. Resultados: La población a estudio fue de 601 personas trasplantadas, con una edad media de 61.7 años (DE: 12.8), 61.9% (372) fueron hombres. Se infectaron de SARS-CoV-2 el 12.1% (73) y fallecieron 6.2% (37), siendo el 52.9% (18) por SARSCoV- 2. Esto supone una tasa de mortalidad del 2.9% y una tasa de letalidad del 24.7%. Durante la segunda ola se infectaron un 6.2% (37). La calidad de vida media fue de 4.1 (DE: 0.9). En los infectados la media fue 4.2 (DE: 0.8), y en los no infectados 4 (DE: 1). Mientras que la media de ansiedad fue de 49 (DE:24.3); siendo 54.6 (DE: 25.7) en los infectados y 45.4 (DE: 23.1) en no infectados. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Conclusiones: Las personas con un trasplante renal tienen afectada su calidad de vida y presentan altos niveles de ansiedad, independientemente de si han pasado o no la infección por SARS-CoV-2.La tasa de mortalidad durante el periodo analizado fue baja, mientras que la letalidad fue alta y ambas disminuyeron de la primera a la segunda ola de la infección.

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Resumen La actual pandemia SARS-CoV-2 ha cambiado nuestra manera de trabajar y relacionarnos. Fue notificada en Wuhan, provincia de Hubei, en China, en diciembre de 2019. Habían existido dos brotes previos importantes de Coronavirus: el SARS, en 2002-2003 y el MERS, en 2012. Este artículo pretende ser una breve revisión acerca de algunos aspectos de la infección COVID-19 desde los aspectos fisiopatológicos, hallazgos por imagen y de las principales indicaciones de las pruebas de imagen, si bien estas siempre serán individualizadas. Tampoco podemos dejar de lado la posibilidad de que algunos de estos pacientes presente una evolución a fibrosis pulmonar. Finalmente, mencionaremos algunas recomendaciones para protegernos en nuestro puesto de trabajo.

Abstract The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has changed the way we work and interact. It was notified in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, in December 2019. There had been two previous major outbreaks of Coronavirus: SARS in 2002-2003 and MERS in 2012. This article aims to be a brief review of some aspects of the COVID-19 infection from the pathophysiological aspects, imaging findings, as well as the main indications for the imaging, although these will always be individualized. We cannot ignore the possibility that some of these patients may present evolution to pulmonary fibrosis. Finally, we will mention some recommendations to protect ourselves in our workplace.

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Sugar-sweetened beverages and fast-food consumption have been associated with non-communicable diseases. Objective. Was to analyze consumption of non-alcoholic beverage and fast-food consumption among first- and fourth-year nursing students. Materials and methods. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among first-and fourth-year nursing students in Madrid, Spain. Anthropometric data (weight and height) and demographic data were collected, as were data on consumption of specific foods and beverages. Results. The survey was completed by 436 students. Mean (SD) age was 22.0 (6.8) years, 84.1 % of were women.26.2 % of the students were underweight; 6.3 % were overweight. Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and diet drinks was moderate. Slightly more than three-quarters of the students (75.5 %) purchased fast food in the previous month. Burger bars were the most frequently visited fast-food outlet (77.2 %). A direct relationship was observed between BMI and fast-food consumption (rho = 0.099; p = 0.042) and between BMI and consumption of diet cola or carbonated drinks (rho = 0.120; p = 0.013). Conclusion. We provide new epidemiological data from a specific university population that could be useful to promote more studies that help design appropriate strategies to increase a healthy lifestyle(AU)

Las bebidas azucaradas y el consumo de comida rápida se han asociado con enfermedades no transmisibles. Objetivo. Analizar el consumo de bebidas no alcohólicas y el consumo de comida rápida entre estudiantes universitarios de primer y cuarto curso de enfermería. Materiales y métodos. Cuestionario validado entre estudiantes de enfermería de primer y cuarto año en Madrid, España. Se recopilaron datos antropométricos (peso y altura) y demográficos, así como datos sobre consumo de alimentos y bebidas específicos. Resultados. La encuesta fue completada por 436 estudiantes. La edad media (DE) fue de 22,0 (6,8) años, el 84,1 % eran mujeres; el 26,2 % de los estudiantes tenían bajo peso y el 6,3% mostraban sobrepeso. El consumo de bebidas azucaradas y bebidas dietéticas fue moderado. Más de tres cuartas partes de estudiantes (75,5%) compraron comida rápida en el mes anterior. Las hamburgueserías fueron el restaurante de comida rápida más visitado (77,2%). Se observó una relación directa entre el IMC y el consumo de comida rápida (rho = 0,099; p = 0,042) y entre el IMC y el consumo de refrescos dietéticos o bebidas gaseosas (rho = 0,120; p = 0,013). Conclusión. Aportamos nuevos datos epidemiológicos de una población universitaria concreta, que podrían ser de utilidad para promover más estudios que ayuden a diseñar estrategias adecuadas para incrementar un estilo de vida saludable(AU)

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Mexico is one of the main regions of the world where the domestication of numerous edible plant species originated. Its cuisine is considered an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity and ferments are important components but have been poorly studied. Traditional fermented foods are still diverse, but some are endangered, requiring actions to promote their preservation. Our study aimed to (1) systematize information on the diversity and cultural history of traditional Mexican fermented beverages (TMFB), (2) document their spatial distribution, and (3) identify the main research trends and topics needed for their conservation and recovery. We reviewed information and constructed a database with biocultural information about TMFB prepared and consumed in Mexico, and we analyzed the information through network approaches and mapped it. We identified 16 TMFB and 143 plant species involved in their production, species of Cactaceae, Asparagaceae, and Poaceae being the most common substrates. Microbiological research has been directed to the potential biotechnological applications of Lactobacillus, Bacillus, and Saccharomyces. We identified a major gap of research on uncommon beverages and poor attention on the cultural and technological aspects. TMFB are dynamic and heterogenous foodscapes that are valuable biocultural reservoirs. Policies should include their promotion for conservation. The main needs of research and policies are discussed.

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Our objective was to analyze the information in Spanish on YouTube about the influenza vaccine. In August 2020, a search was conducted on YouTube using the terms "Vacuna gripe", "Vacuna influenza", and "Vacuna gripa". Associations between the type of authorship, country of publication, and other variables (such as tone, hoaxes, and vaccination recommendations) were studied via univariate analysis. A total of 100 videos were evaluated; 57.0% were created in Mexico (24.0%), Argentina (17.0%), and Spain (16.0%), and 74.0% were produced by mass media or health professionals. Positive messages were detected in 65.0%. The main topics were the benefits of the vaccine (59.0%) and adverse effects (39.0%). Hoaxes were detected in 19 videos. User-generated content, compared to that of health professionals, showed a higher probability of hoaxes (odds ratio (OR) = 15.56), a lower positive tone (OR = 0.04), and less evidence of recommendations to vaccinate pregnant individuals (OR = 0.09) and people aged 60/65 or older. Videos published in Spain, in comparison with those from Hispanic America, presented significant differences in the positive tone of their messages (OR = 0.19) and in the evidence of the benefits of vaccination (OR = 0.32). A higher probability of hoaxes was detected in videos from Spain and the USA. Information in Spanish about the influenza vaccine on YouTube is usually not very complete. Spanish health professionals are urged to produce pro-vaccination videos that counteract hoaxes, and users in Hispanic America should be advised to consult videos produced in Hispanic American countries by health professionals to obtain reliable information.

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Introducción: La decisión respecto al procedimiento quirúrgico y la estrategia operatoria se basa en las expectativas de vida de los pacientes. Los sistemas difieren mucho en los parámetros evaluados y en el resultado del puntaje total. Por lo tanto, para un mismo paciente, se pueden calcular diferentes períodos de supervivencia y sugerir estrategias de tratamiento contradictorias. Objetivo: Analizar pacientes con metástasis vertebrales que fueron operados y evaluar la supervivencia mediante el normograma del SORG (Skeletal Oncology Research Group). materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo que incluyó a 20 pacientes, de marzo de 2017 a marzo de 2019. Los criterios de inclusión fueron metástasis vertebrales con compresión medular o sin ella. Parámetros de evaluación: el normograma del SORG con probabilidad de supervivencia a los 30, 90 y 365 días, en la fase prequirúrgica, y la evaluación alejada: supervivencia a marzo de 2020. Resultados: 14 mujeres y 6 hombres, edad promedio: 67.9 años. Seguimiento de 6-36 meses. El puntaje promedio final fue de 222,4, lo que equivaldría a una supervivencia del 99% al mes, 78% a los 3 meses y 50% al año. Conclusión: En pacientes oncológicos con metástasis vertebrales, el normograma del SORG sería útil para predecir la supervivencia, sobre todo, al año. Nivel de Evidencia: IV

Introduction: The decision of a surgical procedure and the surgical strategy are based on the life expectancies of the patients. The systems differ greatly in the parameters evaluated and in the result of the total score. Therefore, for the same patient, different survival periods can be calculated and contradictory treatment strategies suggested. Objective: To evaluate patients with spinal metastases who underwent surgery, evaluating survival according to the SORG (Skeletal Oncology Research Group) Nomogram. materials and methods: Retrospective study, March 2017 to March 2019. 20 patients. Inclusion criteria: spinal metastases, with or without spinal compression. Evaluation parameters: the SORG Nomogram with probability of survival, at 30, 90 and 365 days, in the preoperative phase and the remote evaluation: survival to March 2020. Results: 14 women and 6 men, average age: 67.9 years. Follow-up 6 to 36 months. Average final score: 222.4 points, which would be equivalent to a survival of 99% after a month, 78% after 3 months and 50% after a year. Conclusion: In cancer patients with spinal metastases, the SORG nomogram would be useful to predict survival, especially at one year.Key words: Spinal metastases; survival; spine surgery. Level of Evidence: IV

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In México, at least 37 Agave species are extracted from wild populations for producing distilled spirits. This activity involves harvesting mature agaves just before producing their inflorescences, which cancels sexual reproduction of plants used. The increasing demand of agaves spirits in national and international markets is determining a strong pressure on wild populations, most of them lacking adequate management. In addition, the dynamics of agave populations may be affected by natural phenomena like oscillation of rainfall regimes, which affects the recruitment of agave seedlings, or the scarcity of pollinators that may affect seed production and general population dynamics. We studied the demography of wild populations of Agave inaequidens to analyze critical conditions for populations recovery, modelling the effects of rainfall trends on the demographic performance of this species, and exploring response of populations to hypothetical extraction regimes and reforestation efforts. Our study was performed in four well-conserved wild populations in Central Western Mexico, each population was sampled in a plot of about one hectare composed by 10 subplots 50 x 5 m (2500 m2). Populations were monitored yearly between 2011 and 2013, measuring plant size, reproductive individuals, and fecundity. Data were analyzed through integral projection models by using the IPMpack for R, to perform prospective analyses. We in addition constructed stochastic models to explore the possible influence of rainfall variation on species demography, using data for the drier and wetter years of the study period. Population growth varied from λ=1.003 to λ=0.899 among populations and years, and exceptionally λ=0.559 after a fire event. Low rainfall decreases λ values, indicating especial limitations to harvesting agaves during dry years whose frequency most probably will increase. In general, extraction rates from 10% to 30% of mature individuals are viable to maintain λ above 1, and these rates may be higher if new plants are introduced in populations. Depending on levels of extraction, our models suggest that it is necessary to carry out actions of reforestation, and in situ management according to the trends found in each site. This is one indispensable condition to maintain λ close to or greater than 1. Sustainable extraction of wild agaves is possible, some communities are already carrying out a repertoire of goods practices in this direction, but together with ecological criteria and good management techniques, strict regulations and social organization are needed to achieve it.

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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of YouTube videos in Spanish on the basic measures to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: On 18 March 2020, a search was conducted on YouTube using the terms "Prevencion Coronavirus" and "Prevencion COVID-19". We studied the associations between the type of authorship and the country of publication with other variables (such as the number of likes and basic measures to prevent COVID-19 according to the World Health Organization, among others) with univariate analysis and a multiple logistic regression model. RESULTS: A total of 129 videos were evaluated; 37.2% were produced in Mexico (25.6%) and Spain (11.6%), and 56.6% were produced by mass media, including television and newspapers. The most frequently reported basic preventive measure was hand washing (71.3%), and the least frequent was not touching the eyes, nose, and mouth (24.0%). Hoaxes (such as eating garlic or citrus to prevent COVID-19) were detected in 15 videos (10.9%). In terms of authorship, papers produced by health professionals had a higher probability of reporting hand hygiene (OR (95% CI) = 4.20 (1.17-15.09)) and respiratory hygiene (OR (95% CI) = 3.05 (1.22-7.62)) as preventive measures. CONCLUSION: Information from YouTube in Spanish on basic measures to prevent COVID-19 is usually not very complete and differs according to the type of authorship. Our findings make it possible to guide Spanish-speaking users on the characteristics of the videos to be viewed in order to obtain reliable information.

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The present study reported the effect of natural and anthropic environmental variables on the fish assemblages in the pampean streams, in the coastal strip along the Río de la Plata, Buenos Aires province, Argentina. Five streams were sampled at 12 sites surrounded by land devoted to different uses. A correspondence analysis sorted the streams into two groups: a less impacted group formed by sites surrounded by livestock- raising pastures and a more impacted one passing through urban sites and including a stream adjacent to a modest rural urbanization with a dairy in the stream's basin. The nutrient concentrations were significantly higher in the more impacted group; with species richness, diversity, abundance, and biomass being significantly lower. A canonical-correspondence analysis linked the more impacted sites to high concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus and impoverished fish assemblages, composed of species tolerant to environmental pollution. On the other hand, sites with higher oxygen concentrations and pH were related to richer assemblages pointing to good environmental conditions at the sites surrounded by livestock-raising pastures. The downstream sites on the less impacted streams contained fish assemblages in which the juvenile stages of species corresponding to the Río de la Plata were dominant.

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of an online training platform for procedures among nurses in an internal medicine unit to reduce the number of contaminated blood cultures. METHOD: This was a quasi-experimental pre-post intervention parallel group study. The sample consisted of internal medicine nurses in a tertiary hospital who participated in an online training program about blood culture extraction technique. Knowledge about the technique was measured pre- and post-intervention. Additionally, the study compared the number of blood cultures taken 6 months before and 3 months after the intervention. RESULTS: Forty-eight nurses participated. Pre-intervention knowledge was homogeneous among both groups, improving significantly after the online training program (p=0.0001). The blood cultures taken prior to the training showed contamination levels above international standards; post-intervention, contamination levels fell by up to 3% in the intervention group. CONCLUSION: The educational intervention using the digital platform increased knowledge about the procedure and its application in clinical practice.

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Gymnogeophagus jaryi, new species, is described from Southern tributaries of the Middle Paraná basin in Misiones. It can be distinguished from all other members of the genus, except from G. australis and G. caaguazuensis, by the presence of a hyaline to grey anterior portion of the dorsal fin. Gymnogeophagus jaryi differs from G. caaguazuensis by a longer caudal peduncle, caudal fin not lyrate, central portion of scales on dorsal portion of trunk light iridescent blue and by white spots in soft portion of dorsal fin in adult males, and from G. australis by the light iridescent blue coloration of central portion of scales on the dorsal portion of trunk and tail, and by the lack of scales on the soft portion of the dorsal fin. Additionally, it can be diagnosed by the following unique combination of characters: 10-11 dorsal-fin branched rays, 27-30 E1 scales, absence of lips thickening, and, in males, by the possession of a hump in adults, caudal fin not lyrate, presence of large white spots forming transversal stripes distally and in anterior area of the dorsal fin's soft portion, central area of scales on the dorsal portion of the trunk light iridescent blue, lack of scales on the base of the dorsal fin's soft portion, absence of a conspicuous and oblique dark band from the eye to the anterior border of the head, anterior portion of dorsal fin hyaline to grey, scales of the midlateral spot each bearing a semicircular light blue blotch, head hump starting at the horizontal through the eyes, concave anterior profile in lateral view, base of unpaired fins yellow, and whitish hyaline spots on caudal fin. The new species, based on mtDNA phylogeny, is the sister species of G. caaguazuensis from the Paraguay basin and is closely related to G. australis.

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Los síndromes de neoplasia endocrina múltiple (MEN), incluyen una serie de enfermedades con alteraciones genéticas que se caracterizan por la presencia de tumores que afectan a dos o más glándulas endocrinas. Son síndromes con una herencia autosómica dominante e incluyen tres patrones: MEN 1 (síndrome de Wermer), MEN 2 (que incluye MEN 2A o síndrome de Sipple y MEN 2B o síndrome de Wagenmann-Froboese) y MEN 4. Los adenomas paratiroideos y el carcinoma medular tiroideo, son los tumores más frecuentes del MEN tipo 1 y 2 respectivamente. Esos síndromes son más comunes en pacientes jóvenes, con patología de afectación bilateral, múltiple o multifocal y, sobre todo, en pacientes con antecedentes familiares. Es necesario el trabajo en equipo de endocrinólogos, cirujanos, oncólogos y radiólogos para optimizar el tratamiento de esos pacientes.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) encompasses a serial of familial genetically disorders in wich tumors simultaneusly occur in two or more endocrine organs. MEN síndromes are autosomal-dominant disorders categorized into three main patterns: MEN 1 (Wermer syndrome), MEN 2 (includes MEN 2A o Sipple syndrome and MEN 2B o Wagenmann-Froboese syndrome) and MEN 4. Parathyroid adenomas and medullary thyroid carcinoma are the most frecuent tumors in MEN 1 and MEN 2 respectively. These entities will be suspected in younger patients, bilateral, multiple or multifocal disease and, specially, in patients with family background. Cooperation between endocrinologist, surgeons, oncologists and radiologists is pivotal for optimizing patient treatment.

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Austrolebias wichi, new species, is herein described from seasonal ponds of the Bermejo river basin in the Western Chacoan district in northwestern Argentina. This species was found in a single pond, a paleochannel of the Bermejo River, which is seriously disturbed by soybean plantations surrounding it. Despite intensive sampling in the area, this species was only registered in this pond where it was relatively scarce. Therefore, we consider this species as critically endangered. This species is the sister species of A. patriciae in our phylogenetic analyses and is similar, in a general external aspect, to A. varzeae and A. carvalhoi. It can be distinguished among the species of Austrolebias by its unique color pattern in males. Additionally, from A. varzeae by presenting a supraorbital band equal or longer than the infraorbital band (vs. shorter) and from A. patriciae by the convex dorsal profile of head (vs. concave). Further diagnostic characters and additional comments on its ecology and reproduction are provided.

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The security and privacy provided by Visible Light Communication (VLC) technologies is an area that has been slightly addressed due to the misconception that, since light does not go through solid objects like walls, VLC-based communications cannot be eavesdropped on by outside observers. As an upcoming technology, VLC is expected to be used in multiple environments were, due to radio frequency RF overuse or limitations, RF solutions cannot or should not be employed. In this work, we study the eavesdropping characteristics of a VLC-based communication. To evaluate these concerns, a two-step process was followed. First, several simulations of a standardly used scenario were run. Later on, experimental tests were performed. Following those tests, the results of the simulations and the experimental tests were analyzed. The results of these simulations and tests seemed to indicate that VLC channels can be eavesdropped on without considerable difficulties. Furthermore, the results showed that sniffing attacks could be performed from areas outside the expected coverage of the VLC infrastructure. Finally, the use of the simulation such as the one implemented in this work to recognize places from which sniffing is possible helps determine the risk for eavesdropping that our VLC-based network has.

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Agave inaequidens and A. cupreata are wild species with some populations under incipient management, while A. hookeri is exclusively cultivated, used for producing the fermented beverage pulque. These species are closely related and sympatric members of the Crenatae group, but taxonomists have previously hypothesized that A. inaequidens is the most probable ancestor of A. hookeri. Our study aims at evaluating patterns of morphological and genetic divergence among populations of the three species, in order to analyze their ecological and possible evolutionary relationships. We studied 24 agave populations, 16 of them of Agave inaequidens, four of A. cupreata and four of A. hookeri. Population morphometric and genetics studies were performed using 39 morphological characters and 10 nuclear microsatellites, respectively. We estimated levels of morphological and genetic diversity and dissimilarity, as well as genetic structure and gene flow among populations and species. The three species were clearly differentiated by general plant size, lateral teeth, terminal spines, flowers and fruit size. The largest plants were those of A. hookeri followed by A. inaequidens and the smallest were A. cupreata. Multivariate analyses indicated greater morphological similarity between A. hookeri and cultivated A. inaequidens, while A. cupreata consistently appeared as a separate group. We identified similar levels of morphological diversity index (MDI) in the three species, but higher genetic diversity in A. inaequidens (MDI = 0.401-0.435; HE = 0.704-0.733), than in A. cupreata (MDI = 0.455-0.523; HE = 0.480-0.510) and the predominantly vegetative propagated crop A. hookeri (MDI = 0.335-0.688; HE = 0.450-0.567), a pattern consistent with our expectations. The morphological and genetic similarities between cultivated A. inaequidens and A. hookeri support the hypothetical evolutionary relationships among these species, but studies with cpDNA and SNPs, and including other member of the Crenatae group are necessary to further resolve these relationships.

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Visible Light Communications (VLC) is a cutting edge technology for data communication that is being considered to be implemented in a wide range of applications such as Inter-vehicle communication or Local Area Network (LAN) communication. As a novel technology, some aspects of the implementation of VLC have not been deeply considered or tested. Among these aspects, security and its implementation may become an obstacle for VLCs broad usage. In this article, we have used the well-known Risk Matrix methodology to determine the relative risk that several common attacks have in a VLC network. Four examples: a War Driving, a Queensland alike Denial of Service, a Preshared Key Cracking, and an Evil Twin attack, illustrate the utilization of the methodology over a VLC implementation. The used attacks also covered the different areas delimited by the attack taxonomy used in this work. By defining and determining which attacks present a greater risk, the results of this work provide a lead into which areas should be invested to increase the safety of VLC networks.

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ABSTRACT Introduction There is a growing interest in achieving higher survival rates with the lowest morbidity in localized prostate cancer (PC) treatment. Consequently, minimally invasive techniques such as low-dose rate brachytherapy (BT) and robotic-assisted prostatectomy (RALP) have been developed and improved. Comparative analysis of functional outcomes and quality of life in a prospective series of 51BT and 42Da Vinci prostatectomies DV Materials and Methods Comparative analysis of functional outcomes and quality of life in a prospective series of 93 patients with low-risk localized PC diagnosed in 2011. 51patients underwent low-dose rate BT and the other 42 patients RALP. IIEF to assess erectile function, ICIQ to evaluate continence and SF36 test to quality of life wee employed. Results ICIQ at the first revision shows significant differences which favour the BT group, 79% present with continence or mild incontinence, whereas in the DV group 45% show these positive results. Differences disappear after 6 months, with 45 patients (89%) presenting with continence or mild incontinence in the BT group vs. 30 (71%) in the DV group. 65% of patients are potent in the first revision following BT and 39% following DV. Such differences are not significant and cannot be observed after 6 months. No significant differences were found in the comparative analysis of quality of life. Conclusions ICIQ after surgery shows significant differences in favour of BT, which disappear after 6 months. Both procedures have a serious impact on erectile function, being even greater in the DV group. Differences between groups disappear after 6 months.

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INTRODUCTION: There is a growing interest in achieving higher survival rates with the lowest morbidity in localized prostate cancer (PC) treatment. Consequently, minimally invasive techniques such as low-dose rate brachytherapy (BT) and robotic-assisted prostatectomy (RALP) have been developed and improved. Comparative analysis of functional outcomes and quality of life in a prospective series of 51BT and 42Da Vinci prostatectomies DV Materials and Methods: Comparative analysis of functional outcomes and quality of life in a prospective series of 93 patients with low-risk localized PC diagnosed in 2011. 51patients underwent low-dose rate BT and the other 42 patients RALP. IIEF to assess erectile function, ICIQ to evaluate continence and SF36 test to quality of life wee employed. RESULTS: ICIQ at the first revision shows significant differences which favour the BT group, 79% present with continence or mild incontinence, whereas in the DV group 45% show these positive results. Differences disappear after 6 months, with 45 patients (89%) presenting with continence or mild incontinence in the BT group vs. 30 (71%) in the DV group. 65% of patients are potent in the first revision following BT and 39% following DV. Such differences are not significant and cannot be observed after 6 months. No significant differences were found in the comparative analysis of quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: ICIQ after surgery shows significant differences in favour of BT, which disappear after 6 months. Both procedures have a serious impact on erectile function, being even greater in the DV group. Differences between groups disappear after 6 months.

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