RESUMEN
Menkes disease (MD) is a rare X-linked recessive neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in the ATP7A gene, with a high mortality rate within the first 3 years of life. It typically affects males and is characterized by impaired copper distribution and malfunction of several copper-dependent enzymes. Patients develop progressive muscle hypotonia associated with neurological damage and hair shaft dysplasia - particularly pili torti. Pili torti is usually very subtle in the first 3 months of life and gradually increases during the first year. Light microscopy examination in search for pili torti requires the observation of more than 50 hair shafts. In contrast, trichoscopy with a hand-held dermatoscope allows to easily identify the hair shaft defect. We report a case of a Hispanic male infant with MD in whom we show that trichoscopy is superior to hair light microscopy in revealing pili torti.
RESUMEN
Resumen Se denominan pseudomicosis a las infecciones generadas por microorganismos que parecen hongos pero que no lo son. En esta revisión se abordan desde una perspectiva etiológica, epidemiológica y clínica algunas de las pseudomicosis por oportunistas más frecuentes: actinomicosis, botriomicosis, nocardiosis y prototecosis. Adicionalmente, se revisan las herramientas clínicas y paraclínicas para facilitar su diagnóstico y se actualizan las pautas de tratamiento.
Abstract Infections generated by microorganisms that look like fungi but are not fungal are called pseudomycosis. This review addresses pseudomycosis by more frequent opportunists: actinomicosis, botryomycosis, nocardiosis and prototechosis, from an etiological, epidemiological and clinical perspective. In addition, clinical and paraclinical tools are reviewed to facilitate diagnosis, and and treatment guides are updated.
RESUMEN
Resumen Desde la declaración de pandemia del coronavirus el mundo entero ha encaminado sus esfuerzos a ayudar a mitigar sus efectos, especialmente el personal de la salud. En ese intento por ayudar, buscan evitar su propio contagio por medio del uso de materiales de protección como mascarillas, gafas y guantes. Aunque protectores, éstos materiales y sus componentes pueden ser altamente perjudiciales para la piel, causando dermatitis de contacto, ulceraciones y erosiones. En esta revisión se abordan dichas manifestaciones y se proponen medidas para prevenirlas o tratarlas.
Abstract Since the declaration of coronavirus as a pandemic the entire world has directed its efforts to help mitigate the effects of it to the best of its ability, especially health personnel. In that attempt to help, we seek to avoid their own contact through the use of protective materials such as masks, goggles, and gloves. Although protective, this equipmment and its components can be highly damaging to the skin, causing contact dermatitis. This review addresses manifestations and reviews measures to prevent and cure them.