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This study aimed to analyze the sociodemographic profile, risk factors and health conditions of elderly collectors of recyclable material who worked in an open-air garbage dump, the Structural City Dump in the Federal District, Brazil. The study is cross-sectional and data were collected from a semi-structured instrument, in which sociodemographic, epidemiological and laboratory variables of the research participants were analyzed. The survey demonstrates great vulnerability of this group, highlighting gender differences such as: 64.6% were women, 46.2% were single, 60% reported brown color, 26.2% had more than 4 children, 33.8% had no education level , 52.3 hypertensive and of these 61.9% were women; 83.1% reported exposure to risks with sharp piercing material and 61.5% to contact with decomposing garbage; 56.9% reported accidents with cuts and perforations; 70.8% contact with rodents; 83.1% reported exposure to smoke. This study suggests that the implementation of public and health policies are important to this group, as well as awareness strategies in society, in order to guarantee safe working and living conditions for the health of this population.

Este trabalho objetivou analisar o perfil sociodemográfico, os fatores de risco e as condições de saúde dos idosos catadores de material reciclável que atuavam em um depósito de lixo a céu aberto, o Lixão da cidade Estrutural no Distrito Federal, Brasil. O estudo é transversal e os dados foram coletados a partir de um instrumento semiestruturado, em que foram analisadas variáveis sociodemográficas, epidemiológicas e laboratoriais dos participantes da pesquisa. A pesquisa demonstra grande vulnerabilidade deste grupo, destacando diferenças de gênero como: 64,6% eram mulheres, 46,2% solteiros, 60% referiram cor parda, 26.2 % com mais de 4 filhos, 33,8% sem nenhum grau de escolaridade, 52,3 hipertensos e destes 61,9% são mulheres; 83,1% relataram exposição a riscos com material perfuro cortante e 61,5 % ao contato com lixo em decomposição; 56,9% relataram acidentes com corte e perfuração; 70,8% contato com roedores; 83,1% relataram exposição à fumaça. Este estudo sugere que a implantação de políticas públicas e de saúde são importantes a este grupo, assim como estratégias de sensibilização da sociedade, a fim de garantir condições de trabalho e de vida seguras para a saúde desta população.

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OBJECTIVE: The present study seeks to assess the impact of gestational hypertensive disorders on premature newborns below 34 weeks and to establish the main morbidities and mortality in the neonatal period and at 18 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective observational study was carried out with 695 premature newborns of gestational age (GA) between 24 and 33 weeks and 6 days, born alive in the Neonatal ICU of Brasília's Mother and Child Hospital (HMIB), in the period from January 1, 2014, to July 31, 2019. In total, 308 infants were born to hypertensive mothers (G1) and 387 to normotensive mothers (G2). Twin pregnancies and diabetic patients with severe malformations were excluded. Outcomes during hospitalization and outcomes of interest were evaluated: respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), brain ultrasonography, diagnosis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, breastfeeding rate at discharge, survival at discharge and at 18 months of chronological age and relationship between weight and gestational age. RESULTS: Newborns with hypertensive mothers had significantly lower measurements of birth weight and head circumference. The G1 group had a higher risk small for gestational age (OR 2.4; CI 95% 1.6-3.6; p <0.00), as well as a greater risk of being born with a weight less than 850 g (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.2-3.5; p <0.00). Newborns of mothers with hypertension presented more necrotizing enterocolitis (OR 2.0; CI 95% 1.1-3.7); however, resuscitation in the delivery room and the need to use surfactant did not differ between groups, nor did the length of stay on mechanical ventilation, or dependence on oxygen at 36 weeks of gestational age. Survival was better in newborns of normotensive mothers, and this was a protective factor against death (OR 0.7; 95% CI 0.5-0.9; p <0.01). In the follow-up clinic, survival at 18 months of chronological age was similar between groups, with rates of 95.3% and 92.1% among hypertensive and normotensive mothers, respectively. Exclusive breastfeeding at discharge was 73.4% in the group of hypertensive women and 77.3% in the group of normotensive mothers. There were no significant differences between groups. CONCLUSION: Among the analyzed outcomes, arterial hypertension during pregnancy can increase the risk of low weight, small babies for gestational age (SGA), deaths in the neonatal period and enterocolitis, with no differences in weight and survival at 18 months of chronological age. Arterial hypertension presents a high risk of prematurity in the neonatal period, with no difference at 18 months of age.

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Our objectives were to examine demographic and ethnic factors associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Brazil. The method used was a retrospective study of death certificates performed in June 2015, identifying the incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis over 10 years, from January 2004 to December 2013, related to gender, age and race. Results revealed 8942 death certificates with 8152 as the underlying cause and 790 as a secondary cause. The average age was 62.7 ± 13.2 years, with a predominance of males (1·3:1). The adjusted mortality rate over 20 years was 0.61 to 0.89/100,000 person-years, and over 45 years was 1.77 to 2.3/100,000 person-years. There was a predominance of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Caucasians compared to the general population above 20 years (2010 Census), with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.92 (95% CI 2.78-3.07). The OR in blacks was 0.04 (95% CI: 0.03-0.04), in mestizos was 0.05 (0.04-0.07), and in Indians was 0.02 (0.01-0.04). The mean age was lower than in European populations (48.5 ± 12.3 years) (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, the incidence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Brazil is close to other Latin American populations, with a lower age at death and clear predominance in Caucasians.

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Introducción: los ensayos clínicos constituyen un diseño de tipo experimental utilizado para evaluar cualquier actuación diagnóstica y terapéutica aplicada a humanos.Objetivo: evaluar los relatos de reacciones adversas a medicamentos, en cuanto a causalidad, gravedad, edad y grupos vulnerables en protocolos de ensayos clínicos con nuevos fármacos analizados en el Comité de Ética de la Investigación de la Secretaria de Salud de Brasilia. Distrito Federal, Brasil.Método: estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, en la modalidad de estudio de caso, se consideró como universo de trabajo los proyectos evaluados por el Comité de Ética en Investigación-CEI/SES/DF en el período comprendido entre los años 2000 y 2012. Resultados: el 59 por ciento de las investigaciones se correspondieron con estudios nacionales y el 41 por ciento con estudios internacionales. La industria farmacéutica fue la fuente financiadora en el 65 por ciento de los casos y en el 41 por ciento de ellos existió participación extranjera. De los medicamentos estudiados el 19 por ciento no poseían registro en la Agencia Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria-ANVISA y solo en el 9,5 por ciento de los ensayos se utilizó grupo control. Las reacciones adversas fueron consideradas como relacionadas a los medicamentos, posibles o improbables en el 15,7 por ciento, 19,8 por ciento y 63,6 por ciento, respectivamente.Conclusiones: la mayor parte de las investigaciones en las que se evaluaron nuevos medicamentos fueron conducidas por instituciones brasileñas y en la mayoría se recibió financiación internacional. La falta de registro de algunos de los nuevos productos en la agencia nacional reguladora y la no existencia de grupo control, en diferentes ensayos clínicos, fueron limitaciones identificadas en el proceso de evaluación. Se identificó la no existencia de modelos únicos legalmente validados para la evaluación de los eventos adversos a los medicamentos(AU)

Background: clinical trials are an experimental kind design used to assess any diagnostic and therapeutic performance applied to human beings.Aim: to assess the reports of adverse reactions to drugs, according to causality, seriousness, age and vulnerable groups in protocols of new drugs clinical trials analyzed in the Research Ethic Committee of Brasilia Health Secretariat, Federal District, Brazil. Method: cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study of case study kind. As universe of work, we took into account the projects assessed by the Research Ethic Committee of Brasilia Health Secretariat, Federal District (CEI/SES/DF in Portuguese) in the period from 2000 to 2012.Outcomes: 59 percent of the research corresponded to national studies and 41 percent to international ones. The pharmaceutical industry was the financeable source in 65 percent of the cases and there it was foreign participation in 41 percent of them. 19 percent of the studied drugs were not registered in the National Agency of Sanitary Surveillance (ANVISA in Portuguese) and control group was used in only 9,5 percent of the trials. The adverse reactions were considered as related to drugs, possible or improbable in 15,7 percent, 19,8 percent and 63,6 percent, respectively.Conclusions: most of the research where new drugs were assessed was carried out by Brazilian institutions and most of them received international financial support. The lack of registration of several new products in the national regulatory agency and not using control groups were limitations identified during the assessing process in several clinical trials. We identified the inexistence of unique models legally validated for the evaluation of adverse events to drugs(AU)

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Introducción: los ensayos clínicos constituyen un diseño de tipo experimental utilizado para evaluar cualquier actuación diagnóstica y terapéutica aplicada a humanos. Objetivo: evaluar los relatos de reacciones adversas a medicamentos, en cuanto a causalidad, gravedad, edad y grupos vulnerables en protocolos de ensayos clínicos con nuevos fármacos analizados en el Comité de Ética de la Investigación de la Secretaria de Salud de Brasilia. Distrito Federal, Brasil. Método: estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, en la modalidad de estudio de caso, se consideró como universo de trabajo los proyectos evaluados por el Comité de Ética en Investigación-CEI/SES/DF en el período comprendido entre los años 2000 y 2012. Resultados: el 59 % de las investigaciones se correspondieron con estudios nacionales y el 41 % con estudios internacionales. La industria farmacéutica fue la fuente financiadora en el 65 % de los casos y en el 41 % de ellos existió participación extranjera. De los medicamentos estudiados el 19 % no poseían registro en la Agencia Nacional de Vigilancia Sanitaria-ANVISA y solo en el 9,5 % de los ensayos se utilizó grupo control. Las reacciones adversas fueron consideradas como relacionadas a los medicamentos, posibles o improbables en el 15,7 %, 19,8 % y 63,6 %, respectivamente. Conclusiones: la mayor parte de las investigaciones en las que se evaluaron nuevos medicamentos fueron conducidas por instituciones brasileñas y en la mayoría se recibió financiación internacional. La falta de registro de algunos de los nuevos productos en la agencia nacional reguladora y la no existencia de grupo control, en diferentes ensayos clínicos, fueron limitaciones identificadas en el proceso de evaluación. Se identificó la no existencia de modelos únicos legalmente validados para la evaluación de los eventos adversos a los medicamentos.

Background: clinical trials are an experimental kind design used to assess any diagnostic and therapeutic performance applied to human beings. Aim: to assess the reports of adverse reactions to drugs, according to causality, seriousness, age and vulnerable groups in protocols of new drugs clinical trials analyzed in the Research Ethic Committee of Brasilia Health Secretariat, Federal District, Brazil. Method: cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study of case study kind. As universe of work, we took into account the projects assessed by the Research Ethic Committee of Brasilia Health Secretariat, Federal District (CEI/SES/DF in Portuguese) in the period from 2000 to 2012. Outcomes: 59 % of the research corresponded to national studies and 41 % to international ones. The pharmaceutical industry was the financeable source in 65 % of the cases and there it was foreign participation in 41 % of them. 19 % of the studied drugs were not registered in the National Agency of Sanitary Surveillance (ANVISA in Portuguese) and control group was used in only 9.5 % of the trials. The adverse reactions were considered as related to drugs, possible or improbable in 15.7 %, 19.8 % and 63.6 %, respectively. Conclusions: most of the research where new drugs were assessed was carried out by Brazilian institutions and most of them received international financial support. The lack of registration of several new products in the national regulatory agency and not using control groups were limitations identified during the assessing process in several clinical trials. We identified the inexistence of unique models legally validated for the evaluation of adverse events to drugs.

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OBJECTIVE. To assess the use of dietary supplements used in food consumption, the clinical nutritional status and biochemistry of patients colonized and not colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa participants of a program of home nutritional therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Observational analytic study, carried out with 47 patients, 2-19 years. The nutritional failure was referred to as with nutritional deficit and those in adequate nutritional status and at risk, were considered without nutritional deficit, according to the international consensus. Spirometry was performed with the cutoff point of 80%. The pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy and nutritional supplementation were recorded. RESULTS. In the association between the use of nutritional supplements and cystic fibrosis patients without nutritional deficit found that the proportion of patients taking supplements was statistically lower than among non users, when considering the American Consensus (p = 0.0098). The variable nutritional status was significantly associated with the types of dietary supplements and frequency of supplementation (p = 0.0445 and p = 0.0266, respectively). There was no correlation between the variables: nutritional status and colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa on consensus (p = 0.2355). DISCUSSION. Home care programs which provide nutritional and clinical support, and nutritional follow-up of chronic patients such as cystic fibrosis patients should be encouraged in Latin American countries so that the disease might be treated effectively, with reduction of morbidity and frames of disease exacerbation.

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La investigación constituye una prioridad para cualquier sistema de salud pública porque los resultados generados, positivos o no, tienden a optimizar procesos y reducir costes. En situaciones críticas, las evidencias aportadas por los investigadores pueden determinar en la permanencia, modificación o incluso eliminación de ciertos programas o métodos de la práctica cotidiana. Consecuentemente, quienes diseñan y/o conducen investigaciones deben ser responsables y recibir la mayor atención de los decisores en salud y de la sociedad en general. La ciencia, sus avances, sus desafíos y sobre todo sus resultados, no pueden quedar encerrados en los laboratorios o instituciones científicas, por el contrario, deben abrirse a la sociedad para lograr su implementación oportuna(AU)

The scientific process is a priority for any public health system because the results, positives or not, contribute to optimize processes and to reduce costs. In critical situations the evidences provided by investigators can determine the permanency, modification or even elimination of certain programs or methods of the daily practice. Consequently those who design and/or to drive investigations need to be responsible and to receive the major attention from the society and the politicians. Science, its advances, its challenges and mainly its results, cannot be locked in laboratories or scientific institutions; on the contrary, they should open up to the society for their timely implementation(AU)

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La investigación constituye una prioridad para cualquier sistema de salud pública porque los resultados generados, positivos o no, tienden a optimizar procesos y reducir costes. En situaciones críticas, las evidencias aportadas por los investigadores pueden determinar en la permanencia, modificación o incluso eliminación de ciertos programas o métodos de la práctica cotidiana. Consecuentemente, quienes diseñan y/o conducen investigaciones deben ser responsables y recibir la mayor atención de los decisores en salud y de la sociedad en general. La ciencia, sus avances, sus desafíos y sobre todo sus resultados, no pueden quedar encerrados en los laboratorios o instituciones científicas, por el contrario, deben abrirse a la sociedad para lograr su implementación oportuna.

The scientific process is a priority for any public health system because the results, positives or not, contribute to optimize processes and to reduce costs. In critical situations the evidences provided by investigators can determine the permanency, modification or even elimination of certain programs or methods of the daily practice. Consequently those who design and/or to drive investigations need to be responsible and to receive the major attention from the society and the politicians. Science, its advances, its challenges and mainly its results, cannot be locked in laboratories or scientific institutions; on the contrary, they should open up to the society for their timely implementation.

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BACKGROUND: Breast cancer (BC) represents the highest incidence of malignancy in women throughout the world. Medicinal fungi can stimulate the body, reduce side-effects associated with chemotherapy and improve the quality of life in patients with cancer. AIM: To evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of Agaricus sylvaticus on clinical and nutritional parameters in BC patients undergoing chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial was carried out at the Oncology Clinic, Hospital of the Federal District-Brazil from September 2007 to July 2009. Forty six patients with BC, Stage II and III, were randomly assigned to receive either nutritional supplement with A. sylvaticus (2.1 g/day) or placebo. Patients were evaluated during treatment period. RESULTS: Patient supplemented with A. sylvaticus improved in clinical parameters and gastrointestinal functions. Poor appetite decreased by 20% with no changes in bowel functions (92.8%), nausea and vomiting (80%). CONCLUSION: Dietary supplementation with A. sylvaticus improved nutritional status and reduced abnormal bowel functions, nausea, vomiting, and anorexia in patients with BC receiving chemotherapy.

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This study to assessed 47 cystic fibrosis (CF) patients assisted by a program of Home Enteral Nutrition. Anthropometric measurements included weight, height, triceps skinfold thickness, waist circunference and spirometry was also performed. Enzymes, nutritional and fat-soluble vitamin supplementations were recorded. There were no associations with enzymes and vitamin supplements between groups that did or did not have a nutritional deficit. Spirometry of patients without nutritional deficit, utilizing the European and American Consensus, showed that the ratio of FEV1 ≥ 80% was statistically greater than the ratio of FEV1<80% (p=0.0459 and 0.0230, respectively). The proportion of patients without nutritional deficit was statistically lower in those who use supplements compared to those who did not. than when considers both Consensus (p=0.0210 and 0.0098, respectively). CF patients with FEV1 <80% and arm circumference <5th percentile showed statistically significant. The associations between nutritional deficits and altered pattern of spirometry are common situations among CF patients.

El presente estudio evaluó 47 pacientes con fibrosis quística (FQ) con la asistencia de un Programa de Nutrición Enteral Domiciliaria. Se tomaron medidas antropométricas de peso, talla, pliegue del tricipital y circunferencia de cintura y espirometría. Se registraron las enzimas y suplementos de vitaminas solubles en grasa. No encontraron asociaciones con el uso de suplementos de vitaminas y enzimas entre los grupos que teníamos no tenían déficit nutricional. La espirometría de los pacientes "sin déficit nutricional", para el consenso americano y europeo, tiene uma tasa VEF1 ≥ 80% estadísdicamente superior a la tasa de VEF1 < 80% (0.0459 y 0.0230, respectivamente).La tasa de pacientes com FQ "sin déficit nutricional" y usando suplementos fue estadísticamente más bajos que los que no usaban , cuando se consideran los dos consenso (p=0.0210 y 0.0098, respectivamente). La prueba de función pulmonar de los pacientes con FQ com VEF 1 < 80% y circunferencia del brazo < percentil 5 mostraron una asociación estadísticamente significativa (p= 0.0021).Las asociaciones entre déficit nu-tricional y espirometría se encontraron muy frecuentemente entre los pacientes con FQ.

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INTRODUCTION: In order to warrant the quality of the products offered to their clients at home, hospitalar units need to adequate their physical structures to develop their specialized activities on enteral nutrition. OBJECTIVE: The present article aims to provide a functional planning and tools for the reorganization of the physical space of an enteral nutrition preparation unit describing its features and function. METHODS: A descriptive, prospective and documental study was undertaken, providing the tools for the functional planning and quality management at a unit of enteral nutrition preparation in a public hospital in the Federal District, Brazil. Data were collected in the period from 2000 to 2010. RESULTS: Through the establishment of a Home Enteral Nutrition Program in the Public Health Department of the Federal District and as determined by the publication of national legislation, a District Plan of High Complexity in Enteral Nutrition was conducted, according to the demographic and epidemiological profile of the population.This plan consisted of the proposal for implementation of the high complexity in nutritional therapy, according to the Health Ministry legislation. The number of patients assisted by this therapeutical modality has increased, which indicates the need to ensure the quality of dispensed formulas through the planning of functional spaces. CONCLUSION: The functional planning of an Enteral Nutrition Laboratory ensures assistance for the needs of the population enrolled at the hospital and at home, allowing the proper training of caregivers aiming at the adequacy of necessary precautions in manipulating enteral formulas.

Introducción: Con el objeto de garantizar la calidad del producto ofrecido a los clientes en sus domicilios, las unidades hospitalarias necesitan adecuar sus áreas físicas para poder desarrollar todas las actividades especializadas que conlleva la nutrición enteral. Objetivo: Proporcionar una planificación funcional y las herramientas para la reorganización del espacio físico de una unidad de nutrición enteral, describiendo el proceso de preparación, la descripción de sus características y funciones laborales. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y documental, proporcionando las herramientas para la planificación funcional y de gestión de calidad en una unidad de preparación de la nutrición enteral en un hospital público del Distrito Federal, Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados en el período comprendido entre los años 2000 y 2010. Resultados. A través de la creación de un programa de nutrición enteral en el Departamento de Salud Pública del Distrito Federal y según lo dispuesto por la legislación nacional, se efectuó un plan de alta complejidad respecto de la nutrición enteral en atención al perfil demográfico y epidemiológico de la población. Este trabajo consiste en una propuesta de implementación de terapia nutricional dentro de un plan de alta complejidad, y de acuerdo a lo prescrito por la legislación del Ministerio de Salud Brasileño. El número de pacientes atendidos por esta modalidad terapéutica se ha ido incrementando, por consiguiente se hace necesario garantizar la calidad del servicio, por medio de la organización de los espacios funcionales. Conclusión. Por medio de la planificación funcional de un Laboratorio de Nutrición Enteral, se puede garantizar la asistencia nutricional especializada y de calidad, a la población hospitalaria o domiciliaria, tomando las precauciones necesarias en la manipulación de las fórmulas enterales.

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There is little published evidence concerning home enteral nutrition therapy in children. The present work attempts to analyze the profile of pediatric patients undergoing this therapy in the Federal District, Brazil. This is a retrospective study of data of all patients younger than 18 y old enrolled in the Home Enteral Nutrition Therapy Program of the Brazilian Public Health Department, Federal District, from January to December 2005. The study covered 184 children and adolescents. The patients' median age at the beginning of treatment was 2.00 y (Q1-Q3: 1.00-7.00). Pathologies leading to home enteral nutrition therapy were digestive disorders (54.9%), neuromuscular disorders (21.2%), epidermolysis bullosa congenital (7.1%), congenital malformation (5.0%), cardiac disorders (4.3%), malignancies (0.5%) and miscellaneous causes (7.0%). The prevalence of the therapy was 81.23. The oral route was used in 70.7% of cases. Enteral feeding comprised mainly industrial pediatric formulas (44.9%) and hydrolyzed-protein formulas (20%). This study supports the fact that home enteral nutrition is necessary in special pediatric conditions, favoring a precocious hospital discharge and then lowering the risk of infectious processes, and stimulating the reinsertion of children in their homes, their safe environment. The need for further studies still remain, especially ones in national basis, so as to reinforce the importance of a national regulation which would benefit all Brazilian pediatric patients in need of such therapy.

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According to statistical projections of the World Health Organization, during the period between 1950 and 2025, the group of elderly in Brazil will have increased 15 times. Chronic-degenerative diseases are the illnesses that most affect the elderly population, directly related to the growing demand for Enteral Nutrition Therapy. The objective of this study was to analyze the demographic, epidemiological and nutritional profile of elderly patients assisted at the public hospitals in the Home Enteral Nutrition Therapy Program, of the State Health Department of Distrito Federal. This is a retroprospective, cross-sectional and analytical study, based on primary data, which enrolled 141 elderly patients who were prescribed home enteral nutrition. The collected variables corresponded to age, gender, clinical diagnosis, enteral route and nutritional status at the beginning of Home Enteral Nutrition Therapy. The association between variables was analyzed through the t-Student and chi-square tests, with a significance level of 0.05 and a Confidence Interval (CI) of 95%. There was a higher number of female patients (53.9%) when compared to male (46.1%), average age 75.82 years old for both groups. The most prevalent diseases were cerebro-vascular accident sequels and cancer (42.6% and 22.7% respectively). It was observed a prevalence of malnutrition equal to 69.7%, independent of age and gender. The most used enteral route was the nasal. Though Brazilian policies concerning assistance to the elderly have advanced during the last few years, the need for public policies for nutritional recovery of such patients persists, to promote a better quality of life for them.

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Objetivo: Realizar uma análise da inserção da ética e humanidades no currículo do Curso de Medicina da Escola Superior em Ciências da Saúde - ESCS, escola pública do Distrito Federal, Brasil, de forma a contribuir com o processo de gestão curricular. Metodologia: O Estudo é de coorte e documental. Foram pesquisados 37 termos relacionados à ética e 36 referentes à humanização nos objetivos educacionais e conteúdo dos módulos temáticos, habilidades e atitudes e interação ensino-serviço-comunidade, de 1a a 4a série e no programa do internato no currículo (ano 2006) e no projeto pedagógico do Curso de Medicina (2001). Resultados: Maior inserção da humanização, ética e bioética na 1a e 2a série, quando comparado à inserção na 3a e 4a série e no internato, (IC95 por cento-a=0,034, pvalue=0,007). Unidade de habilidades e atitudes: freqüência das 3 temáticas no currículo da 1a a 4a séries (IC95 por cento-a=0,026, pvalue=0,013). Quando comparada a inserção entre o internato e as quatro primeiras séries, observa-se que nestas a inserção da temática humanização é superior (IC95 por cento-a=0,042, pvalue=0,029). Conclusão: O currículo desenvolvido no ano de 2006 na ESCS apresentou correlação com o projeto pedagógico do curso e contemplou a temática de forma abrangente, em todas as séries e internato.

Objetivo: Realizar un análisis de la inserción de la ética y de las humanidades en el currículo del Curso de Medicina de la Escuela Superior en Ciencias de la Salud-ESCS, escuela pública del Distrito Federal, Brasil, para contribuir con el proceso de gestión curricular. Metodología: El estudio es de cohorte y documental. Se investigaron 37 términos relacionados con la ética y 36 referidos a la humanización en los objetivos educacionales y en el contenido de los módulos temáticos, habilidades, actitudes e interacción enseñanza-servicio-comunidad, de 1a a 4a serie, en el programa del internado del currículo (año 2006) y en el proyecto pedagógico del Curso de Medicina (2001). Resultados: Mayor inserción de la humanización, ética y bioética en la 1a y 2a serie, comparada con la inserción en la 3¬ y 4¬ serie y con el internado, (IC95 por ciento-#945; =0,034, pvalue=0,007). Unidad de habilidades y actitudes: frecuencia de las 3 temáticas en el currículo de 1a a 4a series (IC95 por ciento-#945; =0,026, pvalue=0,013). Cuando se compara la inserción entre el internado y las cuatro primeras series, se observa que en éstas la inserción de la temática humanización es superior (IC95 por ciento-#945; =0,042, pvalue=0,029). Conclusión: El currículo desarrollado en 2006 en ESCS presentó correlación con el proyecto pedagógico del curso y contempló la temática de forma abarcadora, en todas las series e internado.

Objective: To establish a diagnosis of the insertion of bioethics, ethics and humanistic values and attitudes to the program of the Medical School of ESCS - Escola Superior em Ciências da Saúde, public school of medicine, Distrito Federal, Brazil, in order to contribute to the process of curricular management. Methodology: The study is cohorte and documental. Thirty-two indicators to the thematic on ethics and twenty-four related to humanization were utilized. The educational purpose and contents of activities in modules such as thematic, abilities, interaction and attitude towards the community for teaching and services, from first to senior years as well as in boarding schools programs were all analyzed in the Medical School curriculum of ESCS (2006) and about the pedagogic project of the Course (2001). Results: It was observed a greater insertion of thematic related to ethics and bioethics in the initial levels of the course, Freshman and Sophomore including boarded students, when compared to the insertion in Junior and Senior clerkship years (IC95 percent-a=0,034, pvalue=0,007). The unit on abilities and attitudes was the axle which presented greater recurrence of the thematic on humanization in programs of 1a and 4a years (IC95 percent-a=0,026, pvalue=0,013). It was observed an increase in the recurrence of the thematic on humanization developed in thematic modules and interaction community-teaching/service in the 2a year and decline in the subsequent ones. The results were very low in the 3a and 4a years. When compared with the clerkship it was observed that the first four series had greater insertion of such thematic (IC95 percent-a=0,042, pvalue=0,029). Conclusion: The academic program developed in the year of 2006 at ESCS presented improvements when compared to the pedagogical project of the course.

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According to statistical projections of the World Health Organization, during the period between 1950 and 2025, the group of elderly in Brazil will have increased 15 times. Chronic-degenerative diseases are the illnesses that most affect the elderly population, directly related to the growing demand for Enteral Nutrition Therapy. The objective of this study was to analyze the demographic, epidemiological and nutritional profile of elderly patients assisted at the public hospitals in the Home Enteral Nutrition Therapy Program, of the State Health Department of Distrito Federal. This is a retroprospective, cross-sectional and analytical study, based on primary data, which enrolled 141 elderly patients who were prescribed home enteral nutrition. The collected variables corresponded to age, gender, clinical diagnosis, enteral route and nutritional status at the beginning of Home Enteral Nutrition Therapy. The association between variables was analyzed through the t-Student and chi-square tests, with a significance level of 0.05 and a Confidence Interval (CI) of 95%. There was a higher number of female patients (53.9%) when compared to male (46.1%), average age 75.82 years old for both groups. The most prevalent diseases were cerebro-vascular accident sequels and cancer (42.6% and 22.7% respectively). It was observed a prevalence of malnutrition equal to 69.7%, independent of age and gender. The most used enteral route was the nasal. Though Brazilian policies concerning assistance to the elderly have advanced during the last few years, the need for public policies for nutritional recovery of such patients persists, to promote a better quality of life for them.

De acuerdo con estimados de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, en el período de 1950 y 2025, el número de personas ancianas aumentó cerca de 15 veces en Brazil. Las enfermedades crónico-degenerativas que más afectan la población anciana, demandan la terapia nutricional enteral. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el perfil demográfico, epidemiológico y nutricional de enfermos ancianos asistidos en el Programa de Terapia Nutricional Enteral en los hospitales públicos de la Secretaria de la Salud del Distrito Federal (SES/DF). Este estudio fue retroprospectivo, transversal, analítico, con base en los datos primarios de 141 ancianos que recibieron nutrición enteral a domicilio. Los datos fueron edad, diagnóstico clínico, via enteral de la administración y perfil nutricional. La asociación entre las variables fue analizada con los tests Student y chi-Cuadrado, con un nivel de significancia de 0,05 y con un intervalo de confianza de 95%. Fue observado un mayor número de ancianas (53,9%) que ancianos (46,1%), con una edad media de 75,82 años para ambos grupos. Las enfermedades con mayor prevalencia fueron secuelas de accidentes cerebro-vasculares y cáncer (42,6% y 22,7%, respectivamente). La prevalencia de desnutrición fue de 69,7%, independientemente de la edad y el género. La ruta más usada en la administración fue la nasal. Las políticas de salud brasileñas en la asistencia a ancianos han mejorado en los últimos años; sin embargo, persiste la necesidad de políticas públicas para la asistencia nutricional a este grupo con el propósito de promover una mejor calidad de vida.

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Os ésteres de esterol e estanóis vegetais sao reconhecidos como componentes "funcionais" dos alimentos por apresentarem propriedades hipocolesterolêmicas. Os fitosteróis sao compostos esteróis osbtidos de óleos vegetais. Neste estudo foi realizado una análise críticarevisao de estudos experimentais e clínicos recentes, publicados em base de datos Medline e Lilacs, abordando a açao farmacológica dos fitoesteróis e fitoestanóis na colesterolemia. Os efeitos hipocolesterolemiantes sao observados pela ingestao de dosesmarciças, em dose única ou múltipla, de até 2,5 g/dia destes compostos. O consumo diário por durante quatro semanas tem evidenciado a reduçao dos níveis sanguíneos de colesterol total (CT) e LDL-colesterol (LDL-c) em cerca de 10 por cento. O mecanismo de açao na disminuçia da colesterolemia se deve, possivelmente, àsua semelhança estrutural com o colesterol, o que favorece uma competiçao na absorçao intestinal, entre ésteres de esterol e/.ou estanol e o colesterol. Efeitos adversos da suplementaçao de fitosteróis e fitostanóis ocasionaram a disminuçao da absorçao de algunas vitaminas e antioxidantes lipossolúveis

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