RESUMEN
PURPOSE: The microbiota composition of faeces and colonic contents were analysed to investigate the mechaninsm by which fermented soybean meal improves intestinal microbial communities, growth and immunity in weaning piglets. METHODOLOGY: Microbiota were investigated using16S rRNA gene sequencing and systematical bio-information Operational Taxonomic Units; α-diversity analyses indicated that fermented soybean meal increased bacterial species diversity. RESULTS: The levels of Actinobacteria and Proteobacteia in faeces, and Firmicutes and Tenericutes in the colon, increased significantly in piglets fed fermented soybean meal (P<0.05). The relative abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto1, Lachnospira and Bacteoides had positive correlations with diarrhoea in the piglets. Lactobacillus, Blautia and Clostridium sensu stricto1 levels were correlated with increases in the average daily feed intake of piglets. Lactobacillus and Lachnospira also had positive relationships with IgM levels, and lymphocytes levels were increased relative to Clostridium sensu stricto1. Lymphocyte numbers also increased with higher levels of Blautia and decreased with Clostridium sensu stricto1. Increased levels of Blautia were also correlated with significant increases in white blood cells. CONCLUSION: The significant differences in faecal and colonic bacteria were correlated with enhanced immunity and overall improved health in the weaning piglets.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/genética , Biodiversidad , Biota , Dieta/métodos , Heces/microbiología , Glycine max , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Análisis por Conglomerados , ADN Bacteriano/química , ADN Bacteriano/genética , ADN Ribosómico/química , ADN Ribosómico/genética , Filogenia , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , PorcinosRESUMEN
Arsenic (As) contamination in a paddy environment can cause phytotoxicity and elevated As accumulation in rice (Oryza sativa). The mechanism of As detoxification in rice is still poorly understood. We isolated an arsenate (As(V))-sensitive mutant of rice. Genomic resequencing and complementation identified OsCLT1, encoding a CRT-like transporter, as the causal gene for the mutant phenotype. OsCLT1 is localized to the envelope membrane of plastids. The glutathione and γ-glutamylcysteine contents in roots of Osclt1 and RNA interference lines were decreased markedly compared with the wild-type (WT). The concentrations of phytochelatin PC2 in Osclt1 roots were only 32% and 12% of that in WT after As(V) and As(III) treatments, respectively. OsCLT1 mutation resulted in lower As accumulation in roots but higher As accumulation in shoots when exposed to As(V). Under As(III) treatment, Osclt1 accumulated a lower As concentration in roots but similar As concentration in shoots to WT. Further analysis showed that the reduction of As(V) to As(III) was decreased in Osclt1. Osclt1 was also hypersensitive to cadmium (Cd). These results indicate that OsCLT1 plays an important role in glutathione homeostasis, probably by mediating the export of γ-glutamylcysteine and glutathione from plastids to the cytoplasm, which in turn affects As and Cd detoxification in rice.
Asunto(s)
Adaptación Fisiológica , Arsénico/toxicidad , Glutatión/metabolismo , Homeostasis , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana/metabolismo , Oryza/metabolismo , Oryza/fisiología , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Adaptación Fisiológica/efectos de los fármacos , Secuencia de Bases , Cadmio/toxicidad , Clonación Molecular , Dipéptidos/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Genes de Plantas , Prueba de Complementación Genética , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana/genética , Mutación/genética , Especificidad de Órganos/genética , Oryza/efectos de los fármacos , Oryza/genética , Fenotipo , Filogenia , Fitoquelatinas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Transporte de Proteínas , Interferencia de ARN , Fracciones Subcelulares/metabolismoRESUMEN
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a key element in the failure of chemotherapies, and development of agents to overcome MDR is crucial to improving cancer treatments. The overexpression of glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) is one of the major mechanisms of MDR. Because some agents used in traditional Chinese medicine have strong antitumor effects coupled with low toxicity; we investigated the ability of N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)docos-13-enamide (compound J), the synthesized analog of a highly unsaturated fatty acid from Isatis tinctoria L., to reverse the MDR induced by adriamycin (ADM) in TCA8113/ADM cells. We found that compound J significantly increased the cytotoxicity of ADM in TCA8113/ADM cells, with a reversal fold of 2.461. Analysis of the mechanisms through which compound J reversed MDR indicated that compound J significantly decreased the activity of GSTs and enhanced the depletion of GSH in TCA8113/ADM cells, but did not affect the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux. Taken together, our data suggested that compound J was an excellent candidate for reversing MDR in cancer therapy.