RESUMEN
Although currently exotic to New Zealand, the potential geographic distribution of Amblyomma americanum (L.), the lone star tick, was modelled using maximum entropy (MaxEnt). The MaxEnt model was calibrated across the native range of A. americanum in North America using present-day climatic conditions and occurrence data from museum collections. The resulting model was then projected onto New Zealand using both present-day and future climates modelled under two greenhouse gas emission scenarios, representative concentration pathways (RCP) 4.5 (low) and RCP 8.5 (high). Three sets of WorldClim bioclimatic variables were chosen using the jackknife method and tested in MaxEnt using different combinations of model feature class functions and regularization multiplier values. The preferred model was selected based on partial receiver operating characteristic tests, the omission rate and the lowest Akaike information criterion. The final model had four bioclimatic variables, Annual Mean Temperature (BIO1), Annual Precipitation (BIO12), Precipitation Seasonality (BIO15) and Precipitation of Driest Quarter (BIO17), and the projected New Zealand distribution was broadly similar to that of Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, New Zealand's only livestock tick, but with a more extensive predicted suitability. The climate change predictions for the year 2050 under both low and high RCP scenarios projected only moderate increases in habitat suitability along the mountain valleys in the South Island. In conclusion, this analysis shows that given the opportunity and license A. americanum could and would successfully establish in New Zealand and could provide another vector for theileriosis organisms.
Asunto(s)
Distribución Animal , Clima , Ecosistema , Ixodidae , Animales , Cambio Climático , Entropía , Modelos Teóricos , Nueva ZelandaRESUMEN
A number of FSH receptor (FSH-R) isoforms with distinct structural motifs and signaling paradigms have been described, including a single transmembrane domain variant that functions as a growth factor type receptor (FSH-R3). This study tested the hypothesis that FSH can stimulate ovarian cancer cell proliferation by acting on FSH-R3, using the tumorigenic mouse ovarian surface epithelial cell (MOSEC) line ID8. FSH enhanced ID8 proliferation in a concentration-dependent fashion. Moreover, FSH-treatment of ID8 elicited intracellular events consistent with activation of FSH-R3 and distinct from those associated with activation of the canonical G-protein coupled FSH-R isoform (FSH-R1). Specifically, the FSH-R3 signaling pathway included cAMP-independent activation of ERK downstream of an SNX-482 sensitive component likely to be the Cav2.3 calcium channel. Northern analysis using probes specific for exons 7 and 11 of FSH-R identified consistently only one 1.9kb transcript. Immunoblot analysis confirmed expression of FSH-R3 but not FSHR-1 in ID8. Together, these data suggest that FSH-R3 signaling promotes proliferation of ovarian cancer cells.
Asunto(s)
Hormona Folículo Estimulante/farmacología , Proteínas Mutantes/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ováricas/patología , Receptores de HFE/metabolismo , Empalme Alternativo/efectos de los fármacos , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Línea Celular Transformada , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Exones/genética , Quinasas MAP Reguladas por Señal Extracelular/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Ratones , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Receptores de HFE/química , Receptores de HFE/genética , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Porcinos , Transcripción Genética/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Cowdria ruminantium causes the tick-borne rickettsial disease of heartwater, which is devastating to livestock production in sub-Saharan Africa. Current diagnosis and control methods are inadequate. We have identified and sequenced a subset of genes encoding recombinant antigens recognized by antibody and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from immune ruminants. The identified genes include many with significant similarity to those of Rickettsia prowazekii, genes predicted to encode different outer membrane proteins and lipoproteins and a gene containing an unusual tandem repeat structure. Evidence is presented for immune protection by recombinant antigens in a mouse model of C. ruminantium infection. These data identify new recombinant antigens for evaluation in vaccines and diagnostic tests to control heartwater.
Asunto(s)
Ehrlichia ruminantium/genética , Genes Bacterianos/genética , Sistema Inmunológico/inmunología , Animales , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/inmunología , Vacunas Bacterianas/inmunología , Bovinos , División Celular/inmunología , Sistema Libre de Células/metabolismo , ADN Bacteriano/química , ADN Bacteriano/genética , ADN Bacteriano/aislamiento & purificación , Ehrlichia ruminantium/inmunología , Hidropericardio/inmunología , Hidropericardio/microbiología , Hidropericardio/mortalidad , Sueros Inmunes/inmunología , Sistema Inmunológico/microbiología , Linfocitos/citología , Linfocitos/inmunología , Linfocitos/microbiología , Ratones , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Biosíntesis de Proteínas , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Ovinos , Tasa de Supervivencia , Transcripción GenéticaAsunto(s)
Ojo/inervación , Agujas , Bloqueo Nervioso/métodos , Humanos , Bloqueo Nervioso/instrumentaciónAsunto(s)
Periodo de Recuperación de la Anestesia , Anestesia Endotraqueal/efectos adversos , Convulsiones/etiología , Enfisema Subcutáneo/etiología , Adolescente , Anestesia Endotraqueal/instrumentación , Tos/etiología , Epilepsias Parciales/etiología , Epilepsia Tónico-Clónica/etiología , Fracturas del Fémur/cirugía , Fijación Interna de Fracturas , Humanos , MasculinoAsunto(s)
Anestesia Epidural , Anestesia Obstétrica , Cesárea , Síndrome de QT Prolongado , Complicaciones Cardiovasculares del Embarazo , Adulto , Arritmia Sinusal/fisiopatología , Bradicardia/fisiopatología , Complejos Cardíacos Prematuros/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Síndrome de QT Prolongado/fisiopatología , Embarazo , Complicaciones Cardiovasculares del Embarazo/fisiopatología , Disfunción Ventricular/fisiopatologíaAsunto(s)
Broncoscopios , Laringoscopía/métodos , Enseñanza , Diseño de Equipo , Humanos , LaringoscopiosRESUMEN
We have studied the effects of bilateral ilioinguinal nerve block and wound infiltration with 0.5% bupivacaine on postoperative pain and analgesic requirements in 62 patients undergoing Caesarean section under general anaesthesia. A control group received no local anaesthetic supplementation. Both ilioinguinal block and wound infiltration reduced significantly the pain scores and analgesic requirements in the immediate postoperative period (P < 0.05). The differences in pain scores and analgesic requirements between the study groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).
Asunto(s)
Analgesia Obstétrica/métodos , Cesárea , Bloqueo Nervioso/métodos , Dolor Postoperatorio/prevención & control , Anestesia General , Anestesia Obstétrica , Bupivacaína/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Humanos , Opio/administración & dosificación , Dimensión del Dolor , Dolor Postoperatorio/tratamiento farmacológico , EmbarazoRESUMEN
We have conducted a randomized, double-blind study in 255 ASA I and II patients to compare the efficacy of lignocaine and metoclopramide in minimizing the pain of injection of i.v. propofol. When administered immediately before propofol into a dorsal hand vein, compared with placebo both drugs significantly reduced the incidence of pain on subsequent injection of propofol (P < 0.001). Twenty patients who had received metoclopramide (n = 85) experienced pain, compared with 18 who had received lignocaine (n = 85) and 42 who had been pretreated with saline (n = 85).
Asunto(s)
Inyecciones Intravenosas/efectos adversos , Lidocaína/uso terapéutico , Metoclopramida/uso terapéutico , Dolor/prevención & control , Medicación Preanestésica , Propofol/administración & dosificación , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dolor/etiología , Tromboflebitis/etiologíaRESUMEN
In forty patients (aged 21-76 years) scheduled for elective surgery, anaesthesia was induced with either etomidate in propylene glycol (n = 20) or etomidate in ethanol (n = 20) injected via a 23-G needle over 30 s. The overall incidence of pain on injection was 60%. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. The incidence of venous sequelae was 5%, in both groups.
Asunto(s)
Anestesia Intravenosa/efectos adversos , Etomidato/administración & dosificación , Dolor/etiología , Tromboflebitis/inducido químicamente , Adulto , Anciano , Etanol/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Humanos , Inyecciones Intravenosas , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Propilenglicol , Glicoles de Propileno/administración & dosificación , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como AsuntoRESUMEN
The anaesthetic management of two patients with severe muscle weakness--one suffering from acute dermatomyositis, the other from acute polymyositis--is described. Both patients presented for surgery for malignancy. Anaesthesia was induced with etomidate in one, thiopentone in the other. Alfentanil was used for analgesia and atracurium for muscle paralysis in both. Neuromuscular blockade was monitored using a peripheral nerve stimulator and no problems were experienced. Recovery of neuromuscular transmission and ventilatory function after operation were normal.
Asunto(s)
Anestesia General , Dermatomiositis/complicaciones , Miositis/complicaciones , Neoplasias/cirugía , Enfermedad Aguda , Anciano , Alfentanilo , Atracurio/administración & dosificación , Etomidato/administración & dosificación , Fentanilo/administración & dosificación , Fentanilo/análogos & derivados , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Medicación Preanestésica , Tiopental/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
A case of tetanus sufficiently severe to require treatment with neuromuscular blocking drugs and controlled ventilation is described. The use of an infusion of vecuronium helped to minimise the cardiovascular disturbances which accompanied the disease and permitted rapid spontaneous reversal of neuromuscular blockade when the infusion was stopped.