RESUMEN
Taking advantage of published data on life-history traits and short-term information on fishery parameters from 3132 records for 644 fish stocks along the coast of India, we calculated resilience (R) and vulnerability (V). Further, we developed an Index of Resilience and Vulnerability (IRV) for 133 species of tropical finfishes, crustaceans, and molluscs. Using 7 resilience and 6 vulnerability attributes, two-dimensional scatter plots of the resilience and vulnerability scores were generated and the Euclidean distance and angle from the origin to each point were calculated to determine IRV and the effect of fishing on fish species. By ranking the species, the top 10 highly resilient, highly vulnerable, and high-risk species (low IRV) were identified. While small-sized species with fast growth rate and low trophic level were among the highly resilient species, large predatory species such as sharks and barracudas were among the highly vulnerable and high-risk species. More than 100 of the 133 species were resilient-yet-vulnerable, and most crustaceans showed high resilience. Differences in IRV scores among species within the same family were discernible, indicating the differences in the biological characteristics and response to fishing. Sensitivity analysis indicated that an abridged IRV with 6 attributes works similar to 13 attributes and can be used in data-deficient situations. Comparison of R and V of IRV with other assessments showed different results because of divergences in the objectives, number and types of attributes, and thresholds used. These assessments do not convey the same information and therefore great care must be taken for reproducing these frameworks to other fisheries. The results of IRV analysis can be useful for stock assessments and in developing effective management measures in combination with other complementary information.
Asunto(s)
Explotaciones Pesqueras , Peces/fisiología , Animales , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales , Ecosistema , Peces/crecimiento & desarrollo , India , Longevidad , Moluscos/fisiología , Reproducción/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Biological data are presented for the poorly known bristly catshark Bythaelurus hispidus based on specimens collected from the by-catch of the commercial deep-sea shrimp trawl fishery operating in the Arabian Sea at depths of 200-500 m off the south-west coast of India. One hundred and sixty-two individuals, which ranged from 120 to 366 mm total length (L(T)), were collected for this study. Size-at-maturity (L50) for females and males was estimated at 252 and 235 mm L(T), respectively. The reproductive mode of B. hispidus was aplacental viviparity, which is the rarest reproductive mode within the Scyliorhinidae and is considered to be the most advanced of the three reproductive modes occurring within this family. Dietary analysis of stomach contents revealed B. hispidus feeds on a variety of prey, primarily fishes.
Asunto(s)
Tiburones/anatomía & histología , Tiburones/embriología , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Tiburones/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Fishery and biological data are presented for the poorly known bramble shark Echinorhinus brucus (Squaliformes: Echinorhinidae), from the deep waters of the south-eastern Arabian Sea. A total of 5318 individuals from by-catch landings of deep-water bottom set longlines, gillnets and shrimp trawl fisheries operating at depths of 200-1200 m were recorded between January 2008 and December 2011 at the Kochi Fisheries Harbour (Kerala). A total of 431 individuals, from 46 to 318 cm total length (L(T)) and 0·8 to 132 kg total mass (M(T)), were examined to determine biological data for this species. The LT at which 50% were mature (L(T)50) for females and males was estimated at 189 and 187 cm LT. Litter size ranged from 10 to 36 and size at birth was between 42 and 46 cm L(T). Dietary analysis of stomach contents revealed E. brucus feeds on a variety of prey including crustaceans (69% index of relative importance, I(RI)), teleosts (25·8% I(RI)), cephalopods (1·7% I(RI)) and elasmobranchs (0·7% I(RI)). This study provides the first detailed biological data for this species and also highlights the extent of the by-catch fishery for this species in Indian waters.
Asunto(s)
Dieta , Cadena Alimentaria , Tiburones/fisiología , Animales , Femenino , Explotaciones Pesqueras , Contenido Digestivo , India , Masculino , Océanos y Mares , Maduración SexualRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Endoscopic hemorrhoidal ligation may provide an alternative to surgical treatment of internal hemorrhoids. This study assessed the safety and efficacy of endoscopic elastic band ligation for bleeding internal hemorrhoids. METHODS: Endoscopic hemorrhoid ligation was performed in 20 adult patients who had chronic rectal bleeding attributed to internal hemorrhoids. Elastic band ligation was accomplished using a ligating device attached to the end of a video endoscope. Repeat endoscopy was done 3 weeks after the initial procedure. RESULTS: Seventy band ligations were performed during 23 separate sessions. Post-therapy endoscopy showed reduction of hemorrhoidal size by at least one grade in 19 of 20 patients (95%). Bleeding resolved in 19 of 20 patients (95%) in 5.4 months (mean) of follow-up; 18 of 20 (90%) required only one banding session. No major complications (perforation, secondary bleeding, deep ulceration) occurred in this small group. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary data indicates that endoscopic hemorrhoidal ligation is a safe and effective technique for treating internal hemorrhoids. It holds promise as an important technique for successfully treating and possibly eradicating symptomatic internal hemorrhoids.
Asunto(s)
Endoscopía , Hemorroides/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Endoscopía/efectos adversos , Endoscopía/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Ligadura/efectos adversos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
A 30-year-old man presented with iron deficiency anemia and occult blood in his stools. Both upper and lower gastrointestinal tract endoscopy were initially unrevealing. This case illustrates the importance of small bowel follow through/enteroclysis supplemented by endoscopic examination and biopsy for adenocarcinoma of the proximal jejunum.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/complicaciones , Anemia Ferropénica/etiología , Neoplasias del Yeyuno/complicaciones , Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Adulto , Humanos , Neoplasias del Yeyuno/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias del Yeyuno/cirugía , Metástasis Linfática , Masculino , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to determine the indications, success rate, procedure related complications, duration of tube feeding and long-term outcome in 35 consecutive patients in whom we attempted a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG). All procedures were performed in a small University affiliated VA Medical Center Between July 1988 and June 1991 by the same team. Follow-up continued until death or October 1992. The most common indications for PEG were neurologic disorders (n = 30, 90%). PEG was successfully placed in 32 (91%) of the 35 patients. There was no procedure related mortality. Complications occurred in 43% of patients, most of which were minor (97%). In seven patients (22%), tubes were removed as eating was resumed. Two patients died within 30 days of tube placement. Most of the deaths occurred between one and six months (40%) after tube placement. Pneumonia was the most common cause of death and was attributed to aspiration of oropharyngeal secretions. Our experience suggests that PEG is safe and has a low complication rate, even in patients with multiple medical problems.
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Endoscopía Gastrointestinal/efectos adversos , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiología , Gastrostomía/efectos adversos , Neumonía por Aspiración/etiología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Causas de Muerte , Falla de Equipo , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neumonía por Aspiración/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
We present a case of tuberculous peritonitis in the setting of alcoholic cirrhosis with ascites. A young American Indian male with alcoholic cirrhosis and ascites presented with low grade fever and weight loss. A diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis was made by laparoscopic guided peritoneal biopsy. He was treated successfully with isoniazid and ethambutol for 24 months. The diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis should be entertained in high risk populations such as American Indians, Asians, alcoholics, chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients and AIDS patients in the appropriate clinical setting. Definitive diagnosis can usually be made by laparoscopic guided peritoneal biopsy.