RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Clonorchis sinensis is a zoonotic liver fluke that inhabits the bile ducts of the human liver for prolonged periods, leading to cholangiocarcinoma. Recent research indicates associations between altered biliary microbiota and bile duct disorders. However, the impacts of C. sinensis infection on bile duct epithelium and subsequent effects on biliary microbiota remain unknown. METHODS: Feline bile duct samples were collected from both uninfected and C. sinensis-infected cats. Histopathological examination was performed to assess epithelial changes, fibrosis, mucin and cell proliferation using hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, biliary microbiota composition was analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare the microbial diversity and relative abundance between infected and uninfected samples. RESULTS: Histopathological analysis of infected feline bile ducts revealed prominent epithelial hyperplasia characterized by increased cell proliferation. Moreover, periductal fibrosis and collagen fibrosis were observed in infected samples compared to uninfected controls. Biliary microbial richness decreased with disease progression compared to uninfected controls. Streptococcus abundance positively correlated with disease severity, dominating communities in cancer samples. Predictive functional analysis suggested that C. sinensis may promote bile duct lesions by increasing microbial genes for carbohydrate metabolism, replication, and repair. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides comprehensive insights into the pathological effects of C. sinensis infection on feline bile duct epithelium and its influence on biliary microbiota composition. These novel findings provide insight into C. sinensis pathogenesis and could inform therapeutic development against human clonorchiasis. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms driving these changes and their implications for host-parasite interactions.
Title: L'infection par Clonorchis sinensis induit des changements pathologiques dans l'épithélium des voies biliaires félines et modifie la composition du microbiote biliaire. Abstract: Contexte : Clonorchis sinensis est une douve zoonotique du foie qui habite les voies biliaires du foie humain pendant des périodes prolongées, conduisant au cholangiocarcinome. Des recherches récentes indiquent des associations entre une altération du microbiote biliaire et des pathologies des voies biliaires. Cependant, les impacts de l'infection par C. sinensis sur l'épithélium des voies biliaires et les effets ultérieurs sur le microbiote biliaire restent inconnus. Méthodes : Des échantillons de voies biliaires félines ont été prélevés sur des chats non infectés et infectés par C. sinensis. Un examen histopathologique a été réalisé pour évaluer les modifications épithéliales, la fibrose, la mucine et la prolifération cellulaire à l'aide de la coloration à l'hématoxyline-éosine et de l'immunohistochimie. De plus, la composition du microbiote biliaire a été analysée par séquençage du gène de l'ARNr 16S. Des analyses statistiques ont été menées pour comparer la diversité microbienne et l'abondance relative entre les échantillons infectés et non infectés. Résultats : L'analyse histopathologique des voies biliaires félines infectées a révélé une hyperplasie épithéliale importante caractérisée par une prolifération cellulaire accrue. De plus, une fibrose péricanalaire et une fibrose du collagène ont été observées dans les échantillons infectés par rapport aux témoins non infectés. La richesse microbienne biliaire diminue avec la progression de la maladie par rapport aux témoins non infectés. L'abondance des streptocoques est positivement corrélée à la gravité de la maladie, dominant les communautés dans les échantillons avec cancer. L'analyse fonctionnelle prédictive suggère que C. sinensis pourrait favoriser les lésions des voies biliaires en augmentant les gènes microbiens pour le métabolisme des glucides, la réplication et la réparation. Conclusions : Cette étude fournit des informations complètes sur les effets pathologiques de l'infection à C. sinensis sur l'épithélium des voies biliaires félines et son influence sur la composition du microbiote biliaire. Ces nouvelles découvertes donnent un aperçu sur la pathogenèse de C. sinensis et pourraient éclairer le développement thérapeutique contre la clonorchiase humaine. Des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour élucider les mécanismes sous-jacents à l'origine de ces changements et leurs implications sur les interactions hôte-parasite.
Asunto(s)
Conductos Biliares , Enfermedades de los Gatos , Clonorquiasis , Clonorchis sinensis , Microbiota , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Animales , Gatos , Clonorquiasis/parasitología , Clonorquiasis/veterinaria , Clonorchis sinensis/fisiología , Conductos Biliares/parasitología , Conductos Biliares/patología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/microbiología , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Epitelio/microbiología , Epitelio/patología , Fibrosis , Proliferación Celular , MasculinoRESUMEN
In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Pangasius sanitwongsei was firstly reported and analyzed. It had a double-stand DNA molecule with 16536 bp in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and one control region. The structural organization and gene order was similar to other bony fishes. The complete mitochondrial genome of P. sanitwongsei provided in this work would be helpful for further research on phylogenetics and conservation genetics of the Siluriformes and other orders.
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Colors are important phenotypic traits for fitness under natural conditions in vertebrates. Previous studies have reported several functional genes and genetic variations of pigmentation, but the formation mechanisms of various skin coloration remained ambiguous in fish. Jinbian carp, a common carp variant, displays two colors (yellow and black) in the skin, thus, it is a good model for investigating the genetic basis of pigmentation. In the present study, using the Jinbian carp as model, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (ITRAQ) proteomics analysis was performed for yellow and black skin, respectively. The results showed that 467 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified between the yellow skin and the black skin. Similar to mammals, the up-regulated DEPs in black skin included UV excision repair protein RAD23 homolog A (Rad23a), melanoregulin (mreg), 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid oxidase5 (tyrp1) and melanocyte protein PMEL (PMEL), which were mainly grouped into melanogenesis pathway. However, several up-regulated DEPs in yellow skin were mainly enriched in nucleotide metabolism, such as GTPase IMAP family member 5 (GIMAP5), AMP deaminase 1 (AMPD1), adenosylhomocysteinase b (ahcy-b), and pyruvate kinase (PKM). In summary, several candidate proteins and their enrichment pathways for color variation in Jinbian carp were identified, which may be responsible for the formation of different colorations.
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In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Silurus cochinchinensis was reported to be 16,501 bp in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and one control region. The structural organization and gene order were equivalent to other bony fishes. The complete genome of S. cochinchinensis would provide the basic dataset for further research on phylogenetics and conservation genetics of catfishes.