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Resumen El bruxismo es una condición que se observa frecuentemente en los pacientes y estos a menudo consultan por sus consecuencias físicas, como pueden ser el desgaste o destrucción dentaria, el dolor orofacial, así como también por el deterioro de la calidad de vida tanto de ellos mismos como de las personas cercanas. En la última década han aumentado en forma importante las investigaciones en torno a esta condición, así como los consensos en cuanto a su definición, clasificación y manejo clínico. Los dentistas son quienes actualmente reconocen esta actividad parafuncional y manejan estos problemas, pero es importante que los profesionales de otras áreas de la salud, como médicos y en especial otorrinolaringólogos, puedan identificar los signos, síntomas y consecuencias del bruxismo, ayudando en la detección de esta condición. Así, el objetivo de esta revisión es establecer un estado del arte sobre bruxismo e incentivar la formación de equipos multidisciplinares que ayuden en el diagnóstico y la terapéutica de esta condición.

Abstract Bruxism is a condition that is frequently observed in patients, and they often consult for physical consequences, such as teeth wear or destruction, orofacial pain, as well as for the decrease of the quality of life, of both patients and their loved ones. In the last decade, research on this phenomenon has increased significantly, as well as the consensus in terms of definition, classification and clinical management. Dentists are those who at present recognize this parafunctional activity and manage these problems, but it is important that professionals from other health areas, such as medical doctors, and specially otolaryngologists, can identify signs, symptoms and consequences of bruxism, helping in the detection of this condition. Thus, the objective of this review is to establish a state of the art about bruxism and encourage the formation of multidisciplinary teams that help to in the diagnosis and better management of this condition.

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The Urban Health Assessment Response Tool (Urban HEART) was developed by the World Health Organization. In 2016, the Urban HEART was adapted and used by the Healthy Environments Partnership, a long-standing community-based participatory research partnership focused on addressing social determinants of health in Detroit, Michigan, to identify health equity gaps in the city. This paper uses the tool to: (1) examine the geographic distributions of key determinants of health in Detroit, across the five Urban HEART specified domains: physical environment and infrastructure, social and human development, economics, governance, and population health, and (2) determine whether these indicators are associated with the population health indicators at the neighborhood level. In addition to the Urban HEART matrix, we developed various tools including graphs and maps to further examine Detroit's health equity gaps. Although not required by Urban HEART, we statistically analyzed the associations between each indicator with the health outcomes. Our results showed that all the domains contained one or more indicators associated with one or more health outcomes, making this an effective tool to study health equity in Detroit. The Urban HEART Detroit project comes at a critical time where the nation is focusing on health equity and understanding underlying determinants of health inequities in urban areas. A tool like Urban HEART can help identify these areas for rapid intervention to prevent unnecessary burden from disease. We recommend the application of the Urban HEART, in active dialog with community groups, organizations, and leaders, to promote health equity.

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The Urban Health Equity Assessment Response Tool (Urban HEART) combines statistical evidence and community knowledge to address urban health inequities. This paper describes the process of adopting and implementing this tool for Detroit, Michigan, the first city in the USA to use it. The six steps of Urban HEART were implemented by the Healthy Environments Partnership, a community-based participatory research partnership made up of community-based organizations, health service providers, and researchers based in academic institutions. Local indicators and benchmarks were identified and criteria established to prioritize a response plan. We examine how principles of CBPR influenced this process, including the development of a collaborative and equitable process that offered learning opportunities and capacity building among all partners. For the health equity matrix, 15 indicators were chosen within the Urban HEART five policy domains: physical environment and infrastructure, social and human development, economics, governance, and population health. Partners defined the criteria and ranked them for use in assessing and prioritizing health equity gaps. Subsequently, partners generated a series of potential actions for indicators prioritized in this process. Engagement of community partners contributed to benchmark selection and modification, and provided opportunities for dialog and co-learning throughout the process. Application of a CBPR approach provided a foundation for engagement of partners in the Urban HEART process of identifying health equity gaps. This approach offered multiple opportunities for discussion that shaped interpretation and development of strategies to address identified issues to achieve health equity.

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Background: The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main primary liver tumour and is a major health problem worldwide, it is the fifth most common cancer in the world, as only 10 percent to 20 percent are resectable and the natural progression of the disease presents an ominous prognosis with lower overall survival of less than nine months. The aim of this paper is to analyze the results of the surgical alternatives of HCC in our center. Patients and Methods: Analysis of the prospective database of all patients with HCC under-going surgical treatment between 2003 and 2008 in terms of surgical technique (liver transplantation, liver resection and radiofrequency ablation surgery), surgical margins, complications, tumour recurrence and survival. Results: The series was 38 patients, 23 women, median age 65 years (41-82 years), were early and late complications in six patients (15.8 percent) respectively. The cumulative survival of all patients undergoing to surgical treatment was 86 percent, 76 percent and 65 percent foryear 1, 2, 3 postoperative respectively. According technique: 14 patients underwent liver transplantation, liver resection in eight patients, 15 patients with radiofrequency ablation and a patient with resection and surgical radiofrequency. Discussion: The surgical treatment of HCC in our series presented promising results in terms of survival globally and for each surgical option used. Thus the surgical treatment of HCC is beneficial in selected patients in terms of surgical complications and survival.

Introducción: El carcinoma hepatocelular (HCC) es el principal tumor hepático primario y es una importante causa de muerte a nivel mundial y nacional, ya que sólo el 10 por ciento a 20 por ciento es resecable y la evolución natural de la enfermedad presenta un pronóstico ominoso con bajas sobrevidas, en general menores a los nueve meses. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los resultados de las distintas alternativas quirúrgicas del HCC en nuestro centro. Pacientes y método: Análisis de la base de datos prospectiva de todos los pacientes con HCC sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico durante los años 2003 a 2008 en términos de técnica quirúrgica (trasplante hepático, resección hepática y ablación por radiofrecuencia quirúrgica), bordes quirúrgicos, complicaciones, recidiva tumoral y sobrevida. Resultados: La serie fue de 38 pacientes, 23 mujeres, mediana de edad de 65 años (41-82 años), se presentaron complicaciones tempranas y tardías en seis pacientes (15,8 por ciento) respectivamente. La sobrevida acumulada de todos los casos sometidos a los distintos tratamientos quirúrgicos fue 86 por ciento, 76 por ciento y 65 por ciento al año 1, 2, 3 postoperatorio respectivamente. Según técnica: 14 pacientes fueron sometidos a trasplante hepático, ocho pacientes a resección hepática, 15 pacientes a ablación por radiofrecuencia quirúrgica y un paciente a resección más radiofrecuencia quirúrgica. Discusión: El tratamiento quirúrgico del HCC en nuestra serie presentó promisorios resultados en términos de sobrevida al analizarlo tanto globalmente como por cada una de las alternativas quirúrgicas utilizadas. Así el tratamiento quirúrgico del HCC es beneficioso en pacientes seleccionados en término de complicaciones quirúrgicas y sobrevida.

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Background: The benefits of hepatic resections for colorectal liver metastases are well known. This is not the case for excisions in the treatment of non-colorectal, non neuroendocrine liver metastases. Aim: To assess the results of liver resection in the treatment of patients with non-colorectal, non neuroendocrine liver metastases. Material and Methods: Electronic database analysis of patients with noncolorectal non-endocrine liver metastases undergoing to hepatectomy between 2000-2009. Results: Seventeen patients aged 22 to 78 years, nine women, were operated. The most common primary tumors were stomach, liver, adrenal glands and uterus. In two cases, a synchronic primary tumor and metßstasis excision was performed. Anatomic seg-mentectomy was performed in 10 cases (58.8 percent) and a mayor surgical resection in 7 patients (41.2 percent). In 15 cases (88.2 percent) the tumor margins were negative. Three patients presented postoperative complications and three patients had hepatic tumor recurrence. No patient died in the peri-operative period. One, two and three years survival were 85, 51 and 51 percent respectively, after a follow-up ranging from 9 to 56 months. Conclusions: The surgical treatment of patients with non-colorectal non-endocrine liver metastases is safe and beneficial in selected patients, with a low rate of complications and good survival rates.

Introducción: Existe un claro beneficio en el tratamiento quirúrgico de las metástasis hepáticas de origen colorrectal y neuroendocrinas; sin embargo, todavía no está bien definida la efectividad de la resección quirúrgica en tumores de origen diferente a los anteriores. El objetivo del presente estudio es dar a conocer los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico en este grupo de pacientes. Pacientes y Método: Análisis de la base de datos electrónica de los pacientes con metástasis hepáticas de origen no colorrectal ni neuroendocri-na que fueron sometidos a resección hepática en nuestro centro entre los años 2000-2009. Resultados: La serie estuvo constituida por 17 pacientes, nueve mujeres, mediana de edad de 51 años (rango, 22-78). Los principales sitios de origen del tumor primario fueron estómago, hígado, glándulas suprarrenales y útero. En dos casos se realizó cirugía sincrónica del primario y las metástasis; la técnica utilizada fue segmentectomía anatómica en 10 pacientes (58,8 por ciento) y resección anatómica mayor los siete restantes (41,2 por ciento). En 15 pacientes (88,2 por ciento) se logró borde quirúrgico libre de tumor, tres pacientes presentaron complicaciones postoperatorias y en tres hubo recidiva de la lesión hepática. No hubo mortalidad operatoria. Tras un seguimiento de 21 meses (rango, 9-56) la supervivencia al año, a los dos y a los tres años fue de 85 por ciento, 51 por ciento y 51 por ciento respectivamente. Discusión: El tratamiento quirúrgico de los pacientes con metástasis hepáticas de origen no colorrectal ni neuroendocrino es seguro y parece beneficioso en pacientes seleccionados, con baja tasa de complicaciones y con supervivencia favorable.

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Background: Ventral hernias are one of the most common complications of open abdominal surgery and can be repaired laparoscopically. Aim: To assess the feasibility, safety and efficacy of the laparoscopic repair of incisional hernias. Patients and Methods: Retrospective study of the patients undergoing laparoscopic ventral hernia repair from march 2006 to october 2008 at a surgical department of a clinical hospital. We analyzed patient's characteristics, surgical variables, perioperative results, complications and short term follow up. Results: Twenty-one patients aged 54 +/- 14 years (16 females) underwent laparoscopic ventral hernia repair during this period. Their mean body mass index was 32.2 +/-6.5 kg/m². One patient was converted to open surgery. The mean hernia ring diameter was 8.4 +/- 3.9 cm (range 3-17). Median operative time was 92 minutes (range 45-300). Mean hospital stay was 3.0 +/-1.6 days. During the procedure, two patients were simultaneously subjected to a sleeve gastrectomy and cholecystectomy, respectively. Apulmonary atelectasis and a seroma occurred in two patients (10 percent) as early minor complications. As late complications, two patients (10 percent) experienced continuing pain in the area in both operations. No patient died. Follow up was 100 percent with a mean of 14 months (range 4-36), without hernia recurrence during this period. Conclusions: Laparoscopic incisional hernia repair is a feasible technique to perform, without serious complications.

Introducción: La hernia incisional (HI) es una de las complicaciones más frecuentes en cirugía abdominal abierta, siendo una alternativa para su corrección la hernioplastía por vía laparoscópica. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la factibilidad y eficacia de la reparación laparoscópica de la HI con seguimiento a corto plazo, dando a conocer nuestra experiencia inicial. Material y Método: Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes sometidos a hernioplastía incisional laparoscópica entre marzo de 2006 y octubre de 2008 en el Hospital Clínico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Se evaluó variables demográficas, perioperatorias, morbilidad y recidiva. Resultados: Fueron operados 21 pacientes en este período, 16 de género femenino, con un promedio de edad e índice de masa corporal de 54 +/- 13 años y 32,2 +/- 6,5 kg/m², respectivamente. Uno de ellos se convirtió a cirugía abierta. El diámetro mayor del anillo hemiario fue en promedio 8,4 +/-3,9 cm (rango 3-17) y la mediana de tiempo operatorio fue de 92 minutos (rango 45-300). La estadía hospitalaria fue 3,0 +/-1,6 días, en promedio. Durante la misma cirugía se realizó en dos pacientes gastrectomía en manga y colecistectomía. Se presentaron complicaciones precoces menores en dos pacientes (10 por ciento), una atelectasia pulmonar y un seroma, y complicaciones tardías menores en otros dos pacientes (10 por ciento), que correspondió a dolor prolongado en la zona operatoria en ambos. No hubo mortalidad en la serie. El seguimiento fue 100 por ciento, con un promedio de 14 meses (rango 4-36), sin recidiva en este período. Conclusiones: La hernioplastía incisional laparoscópica es una técnica factible de realizar en nuestro medio, sin complicaciones mayores en esta serie y buenos resultados a un a±o de seguimiento.

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Ameloblastoma is a benign rare tumor, originated in the odontogenic epithelium, is locally invasive and with high tendency to local recurrence, a variety less common is the malignant or metastasizing ameloblastoma, where more frequent sites of deployment are the lung and cervical lymph nodes, being much less frequent sites the liver and skull among others. The surgical treatment is mainly the aggressive surgery of the primary tumor and metastases. We present a case of a patient with malignant mandibular ameloblastoma with metastases in liver and lung, which was subjected to a subtotal mandibulectomy, local radiotherapy and lung and liver metastasectomy in a second time, with late recurrence of the lesion.

El ameloblastoma es un tumor poco frecuente, benigno, originado en el epitelio odontogénico, es localmente invasivo y con alta tendencia a la recurrencia local, una variedad mucho menos frecuente es el ameloblastoma maligno o que causa metástasis, donde los sitios más frecuentes de implantación son el pulmón y los linfonodos cervicales, siendo sitios mucho menos frecuentes hígado y cráneo, entre otros. El tratamiento es principalmente quirúrgico con cirugía agresiva del tumor primario y posteriormente de las metástasis. Se presenta el caso de un paciente portador de ameloblastoma mandibular maligno, con metástasis hepáticas y pulmonares, que fue sometido a una mandibulectomía subtotal y radioterapia local. Posteriormente, resección de metástasis pulmonares y hepáticas en un segundo tiempo, con recidiva de las lesiones.

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Dubin-Johnson syndrome (SDJ) is a rare benign autosomal recessive congenital disease that causes jaundice. We report a 71 years old male with a Dubin Jonson syndrome diagnosed at the age of 40. On a ultrasound examination and magnetic resonance imaging, a liver tumor was found, that was excised. The pathology report showed a cholangiocarcinoma. During the postoperative period, the patient had a hyperbilirubinemia that subsided slowly. There are reports of hyperbilirubinemia of difficult management after hepatectomy in patients with Dubin-Johnson syndrome.

El síndrome de Dubin-Johnson (SDJ) es una patología benigna, familiar, con carácter autosómico recesivo y de aparición poco frecuente. Consiste en un defecto en la excreción hepática de la bilirrubina conjugada que permite su entrada al canalículo biliar, manifestando un cuadro clínico de ictericia silente. La asociación de esta enfermedad con colangiocarcinoma intrahepático es excepcional, siendo difícil la sospecha precoz de este diagnóstico y también el manejo de la ictericia postoperatoria. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir un caso clínico con estas características y revisión de la literatura existente. Se presenta a un paciente de sexo masculino de 71 años de edad, con antecedente de síndrome de Dubin-Johnson diagnosticado a los 40 años. Asintomático, en exámenes de rutina se encuentra un tumor hepático en la ecotomografía abdominal, que luego se corrobora en la TAC y RNM, mide aproximadamente 10 cm de diámetro, de ubicación central y derecho. Resto de estudio no muestra diseminación. Se realiza laparoscopia diagnóstica y ecografía intraoperatoria confirmando lo visto por imágenes, y se decide convertir a laparotomía para efectuar hepatectomía derecha extendida. Biopsia rápida y diferida informan colangiocarcinoma. Evoluciona favorablemente en el postoperatorio, con hiperbilirrubinemia sostenida de lenta resolución. La asociación de hepatectomía con síndrome de Dubin-Johnson es de muy baja frecuencia, existiendo poca literatura al respecto. Se ha descrito que la hiperbilirrubinemia en el postoperatorio es de difícil manejo, sin embargo, en este caso el paciente evolucionó favorablemente sin necesidad de alguna terapia específica.

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Lymphangiomas are rare benign lesions, most commonly seen in children and adolescents. Their intra-abdominal presentation is uncommon. We report a 19 years old male, presenting to the emergency room with abdominal pain associated with fever, vomiting and abdominal distension. There was a history of multiple previous consultations for abdominal pain. A plain abdominal X-ray examination suggested a bowel obstruction. At surgery a volvulus and dilation of the small bowel in relation to a vascular malformation was found, excising 40 cm of jejunum with an end-to-end intestinal anastomosis. The pathology report showed a Mesenteric Multicystic Lymphangioma. Presently, the patient is in good conditions.

Los linfangiomas son lesiones benignas, de baja incidencia, más comunes en niños y adolescentes. Con muy baja frecuencia son intraabdominales y poseen presentación clínica variable, yendo desde el hallazgo clínico hasta pacientes con riesgo vital por abdomen agudo. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 19 años, sin antecedentes mórbidos que acude a urgencias por dolor abdominal asociado a fiebre, vómitos y distensión abdominal; la radiografía simple es sugerente de obstrucción intestinal. En laparotomía exploradora se encuentra un vólvulo y dilatación del intestino delgado en relación a una malformación vascular y lesiones multilobuladas en mesenterio. Se resecan 40 cm de yeyuno y realiza anastomosis término-terminal. La histología reveló un Linfangioma Multiquístico Mesentérico. El paciente evoluciona en buenas condiciones generales y se mantiene control clínico e imagenológico seriado. Aunque infrecuente, es uno de los diagnósticos diferenciales de abdomen agudo. A pesar de su naturaleza benigna puede llegar a comprometer el pronóstico vital del paciente.

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The improvement of quantitative traits in plant breeding will in general benefit from a better understanding of the genetic basis underlying their development. In this paper, a QTL mapping strategy is presented for modelling the development of phenotypic traits over time. Traditionally, crop growth models are used to study development. We propose an integration of crop growth models and QTL models within the framework of non-linear mixed models. We illustrate our approach with a QTL model for leaf senescence in a diploid potato cross. Assuming a logistic progression of senescence in time, two curve parameters are modelled, slope and inflection point, as a function of QTLs. The final QTL model for our example data contained four QTLs, of which two affected the position of the inflection point, one the senescence progression-rate, and a final one both inflection point and rate.

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Desde 1999 hemos cambiado el plano subglandular del bolsillo de los implantes mamarios por el plano subfascial (subaponeurótico). Este plano se halla por debajo de la fascia aponeurótica del músculo pectoral mayor, serrato, oblicuo lateral y recto anterior. Este artículo considera 150 casos implantados en este plano (subfascial). Se utilizaron prótesis de superficie texturada. El abordaje fue por una incisión periareolar inferior. En todos los pacientes se consiguió una excelente cobertura del implante, al igual que una forma y movilidad natural. En ningún caso se observó el desagradable ondulado de cuadrantes superiores, conocido como rippling. Cuatro de ellos presentaron procesos capsulares contráctiles grado II de Baker (2,6%). En el postoperatorio inmediato se registró menor edema y una recuperación más rápida de lo habitual, de acuerdo a nuestra experiencia con los otros procedimientos (submuscular y subglandular). Cuando la elección del bolsillo es subglandular, el plano subfascial parecería ser el lugar lógico de la colocación de los implantes mamarios (AU)

Since 1999, the subglandular plane of the pocket has been substituted in our practise for the subfascial (subaponeurotic) plane in breast implants. This plane lies underneath the aponeurotic fascia of the pectoralis major , the serratus, the lateral oblique and the rectus anterior muscles. This article describes 150 patients with implants in the subaponeurotic plane and textured surface. Patients were approached through an inferior periareolar incision. Excellent coverage of the implant, as well as natural shape and mobility were achieved in all patients. No ondulation (rippling) in the upper half of the breast has been observed. Four patients (2,6%) had Baker grade II capsular contracture. In the immediate post-op, less edema and faster-than-usual recovery could be seen versus our experience with other (submuscular and subglandular) procedures. When a subglandular pocket is the choice, the subfascial plane would seem to be the logical place for breast implants (AU)

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The properties of the microheterogeneous systems formed by mixtures of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and an alternating copolymer of maleic acid and styrene, MAS, and their anionic monoesters, MAS-n with n=2, 4, 6, 8, were investigated. The fluorescence of pyrene was used to sense the polarity of the polymer/CTAB aggregates. Measurements of the ratio III/I in pyrene fluorescence spectra indicate that the polymer/CTAB aggregates are more hydrophobic than normal micelles. A series of p-alkyl substituted phenols were employed to probe the solubilization ability of these aggregates. The distribution constant K(S) of phenol, p-methylphenol, p-ethylphenol, and p-propylphenol between water and MAS-n/CTAB aggregates and the corresponding free energy of transfer Deltamicro(0)(t) have been determined using the pseudo-phase model. The results show that the distribution is mainly determined by the phenol structure, and a linear free energy relationship has been found between Deltamicro(0)(t) and the structure of phenols. On the other hand, an increase in the number of methylene groups in the side alkyl chain has no effect on Deltamicro(0)(t). The results are discussed and compared with those obtained for ionic micelles.

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Surface tension measurements have been made in aqueous solutions of anionic hemiesters of an alternating copolymer of maleic acid and styrene, MAS-n with n=0-12, in the presence of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, DTAB. A synergistic aspect of surface tension reduction efficiency was observed for all systems studied. The pseudo-phase separation approach and regular solution approximation have been applied, and the interaction parameter, beta, and the mole fraction of DTAB in the adsorbed layer (on a surfactant/repetitive unit basis), X, were obtained. Negative values of beta, ranging from -3 to -11, were calculated. On the other hand, the molar fraction of DTAB varies from 0.52 to 0.26. These results are discussed in terms of hydrophobic effects on the distribution of the aggregates between the interface and the bulk of the solution. The conditions predicted by the model to obtain synergism in the tension reduction efficiency are completely satisfied in all cases.

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El fibrocito, célula de origen mesenquimal del ligamento espiral de la coclea, ha sido investigado usando tecnicas inmunohistoquimicas que al intentar reproducirlas fallan debido a la impredecible alteracion de sitios antigenicos introducidos durante el procesamiento de la muestra. El presente estudio describe la estandarizacion de una tecnica histoquimica e inmunohistoquimica para la localizacion del fibrocito en la coclea de la rata. Dos ejemplares, bajo anestesia general con nembutal recibieron una inyeccion intracardiaca de fijadores tipo aldehidos, buffer salino fosfato y sales precipitantes. Luego de la muerte del animal su cabeza se sometio a postfijacion y decalcificacion, para realizarle cortes con microtomo cada 5 micrometros y tincion cada decima placa con hematoxilina-eosina. Finalmente, se utilizó inmunohistoquimica indirecta con el metodo Avidina-biotina conjugada y marcador monoclonal anti-vimentina y la proteina S100, lográndose la identificacion de los fibrocitos y demás componentes del organo de corti murino. La estandarizacion de esta tecnica es un hecho trascendental para el proceso de investigacion histopatologica del oido interno, aplicable al estudio de patologias que afecten a los fibrocitos del ligamento espiral

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BACKGROUND: There is not much evidence about the usefulness of digoxin or enalapril in the treatment of heart failure due to mitral insufficiency. AIM: To compare digoxin and enalapril in the treatment of heart failure due to mitral insufficiency. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with mitral insufficiency, in sinus rhythm, with a heart failure grade II or III and with echocardiographic left ventricular dilatation were eligible for the study. They received sequentially, during 12 weeks each, digoxin 0.25 mg/day or enalapril in doses up to 20 mg/day, with a washout in-between period of 2 weeks. The order of the sequence was determined randomly. At the start and end of treatment, functional class according to NYHA and maximal exercise tolerance in the treadmill were assessed and a color Doppler echocardiogram was done to measure ventricular dimensions, function and degree of mitral insufficiency. RESULTS: Nine patients on enalapril and 12 on digoxin improved their functional capacity. Digoxin improved exercise time in 76 +/- 168 sec (p = 0.022), whereas this change was not significant with enalapril (38 +/- 158 sec; p = 0.2). With enalapril treatment, ventricular diastolic dimension decreased from 59.3 +/- 8.1 to 58 +/- 9.3 mm and the area of mitral insufficiency decreased from 8.1 +/- 3.5 to 6.6 +/- 3.1 cm2. Digoxin did not induce any significant echocardiographic change. CONCLUSIONS: In these patients, digoxin and enalapril improved functional class. Digoxin improved exercise time and enalapril reduced ventricular dimensions and mitral insufficiency.

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The results of an experimental series dedicated to the acquisition of human vestibular evoked responses are presented. In these series, manual stimulation is applied to a normal group of subjects with rotational acceleration impulses. Every stimulus is large in magnitude and very short in duration, producing small head movements of only a few degrees through a specially designed head immobilization helmet. Results correspond to middle latency vestibular evoked responses.

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