RESUMEN
Using mathematical modeling of human body, we demonstrated logical drawbacks of body mass index (BMI1 = M/H(2); A. Quetelet, 1832) and proposed more precise body mass index (BMI2 = M/H(3)) as well as body constitution index (BCI = (M/H(3))(1/2)) and fatness index (FI = M/HC(2)), where M, H, and C are body weight, height, and wrist circumference of the individual.
Asunto(s)
Adiposidad , Adolescente , Algoritmos , Índice de Masa Corporal , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , Muñeca/anatomía & histología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Pathological changes in the fetoplacental complex and lung-placenta system were observed in rats with experimental gestosis produced by long-term feeding of a high-sodium diet. We revealed a decrease in the weights of the placenta and fetus, pulmonary fibrinolytic dysfunction, and increased production of cortisol. The course of fraxiparine treatment in animals with experimental gestosis decreased coagulation activity of the arterial blood, increased the weights of the placenta and fetus, and reduced the concentration of stress hormone cortisol.
Asunto(s)
Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/embriología , Placenta/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Fibrinógeno/metabolismo , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Pulmón/metabolismo , Nadroparina/farmacología , Preeclampsia/patología , Embarazo , Preñez , Ratas , Sales (Química)/metabolismo , Sodio/metabolismo , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Study of the arteriovenous difference in hormone levels and hemostasis parameters in rats with experimental gestosis induced by hyper-sodium diet showed decreased production of progesterone, increased level of hydrocortisone (resultant from its increased production and additional release of the hormone by the lungs), hypercoagulation, and retarded fetal development. Involvement of the lungs into the maintenance of optimum rheological parameters of arterial blood and a relationship between the level of fetoplacental hormones and the function of pulmonary fibrinolytic filter were detected.
Asunto(s)
Pulmón/patología , Placenta/metabolismo , Placenta/patología , Preeclampsia/inducido químicamente , Preeclampsia/patología , Animales , Antitrombina III/metabolismo , Coagulación Sanguínea/fisiología , Peso Corporal , Femenino , Desarrollo Fetal/fisiología , Fibrinógeno/metabolismo , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Placenta/efectos de los fármacos , Embarazo , Progesterona/sangre , Ratas , Ratas Mutantes , Reología , Cloruro de Sodio Dietético/toxicidad , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Experiments on rats showed that injection of propranolol into the medulla oblongata increased the contents of epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and L-DOPA by 3.76, 1.4, 2.0, and 1.7 times, respectively. These propranolol-induced changes in the levels and ratio of neurotransmitters were not accompanied by variations in serotonin content. Propranolol had no significant effects on the content of excitatory amino acids, except marked increase in aspartate content. The level of inhibitory amino acids increased mainly due to an increase in GABA content. The balance between excitatory and inhibitory amino acids was shifted towards inhibitory compounds.
Asunto(s)
Glándulas Suprarrenales/efectos de los fármacos , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/farmacología , Catecolaminas/metabolismo , Bulbo Raquídeo/fisiología , Propranolol/farmacología , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/efectos de los fármacos , Glándulas Suprarrenales/metabolismo , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Animales , Masculino , Bulbo Raquídeo/efectos de los fármacos , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Serotonina/metabolismo , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/fisiología , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/metabolismoRESUMEN
Fetal growth retardation, hypercoagulation, and changes in pulmonary fibrinolytic activity were observed during experimental gestosis induced by long-term feeding of a high-sodium diet. The course of fraxiparine treatment to correct gestosis improved hemostasis-regulating lung function, decreased coagulation activity of the arterial blood, and increased the weights of the placenta and fetus.
Asunto(s)
Anticoagulantes/farmacología , Hemostasis/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/fisiopatología , Nadroparina/farmacología , Preeclampsia/sangre , Animales , Peso al Nacer/efectos de los fármacos , Coagulación Sanguínea , Trastornos de la Coagulación Sanguínea/terapia , Femenino , Retardo del Crecimiento Fetal/etiología , Feto/efectos de los fármacos , Fibrinógeno/análisis , Fibrinógeno/efectos de los fármacos , Placenta/efectos de los fármacos , Preeclampsia/etiología , Preeclampsia/terapia , Embarazo , Distribución Aleatoria , RatasRESUMEN
Local injection of verapamil into ventrolateral region of the medulla oblongata triggered the release of epinephrine. Verapamil increased the total content of norepinephrine and epinephrine by 560% and decreased the content of serotonin by 46%. Verapamil had no effect on norepinephrine/epinephrine and norepinephrine/(norepinephrine+epinephrine) ratios in normal rats. Blockade of K+-channels in the medulla oblongata by local injection of 0.001 mg amiodarone did not change the levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine and norepinephrine/epinephrine and norepinephrine/(norepinephrine+epinephrine) ratios. In the medulla oblongata, verapamil proportionally increased the levels of norepinephrine, dopamine, and L-DOPA. Similarly, amiodarone increased the levels of L-DOPA and dopamine by 2.6 and 3.2 times, respectively. Amiodarone shifted the ratio of neuroactive amino acids towards inhibitory transmitters.
Asunto(s)
Glándulas Suprarrenales/metabolismo , Amiodarona/farmacología , Antagonistas de Aminoácidos Excitadores/metabolismo , Aminoácidos Excitadores/metabolismo , Bulbo Raquídeo/metabolismo , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/metabolismo , Verapamilo/farmacología , Glándulas Suprarrenales/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Calcio/farmacología , Dopamina/metabolismo , Epinefrina/metabolismo , Levodopa/metabolismo , Masculino , Microinyecciones , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Potasio/farmacología , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas , Serotonina/metabolismo , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Bradysole (1 mg/kg intravenously) induced a moderate increase in cerebral bloodflow and a minor decrease in systemic blood pressure in narcotized rats. These effects were less pronounced compared to the effects of dibasole (bradysole structural analog) in the same dose.
Asunto(s)
Circulación Cerebrovascular/efectos de los fármacos , Neurotransmisores/química , Neurotransmisores/farmacología , Animales , Bencimidazoles/farmacología , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Circulación Cerebrovascular/fisiología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Compuestos de Sulfhidrilo/farmacología , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Composite preparation refracterin administered in a dose of 300 mg/day for 3 days in addition to routine therapy significantly improved the results of treatment of severe cardiac insufficiency of ischemic genesis compared to placebo. Improvement of clinical status of patients is determined by positive dynamics of systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricle.
Asunto(s)
Acetildigoxinas/uso terapéutico , Gasto Cardíaco Bajo/tratamiento farmacológico , Cardiotónicos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad Coronaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Citocromos c/uso terapéutico , Inosina/uso terapéutico , NAD/uso terapéutico , Oxifedrina/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Gasto Cardíaco Bajo/etiología , Enfermedad Crónica , Enfermedad Coronaria/complicaciones , Combinación de Medicamentos , Ecocardiografía/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sístole/efectos de los fármacos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Función Ventricular Izquierda/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
NAD, cytochrome c, and energostim modulated the fluorescence emission spectrum of trifluoperazine in the solution and in microsomal suspension. The data suggest that NAD and energostim modify structural and conformational characteristics of the dopamine receptor-trifluoperazine complex. These changes probably underlie the anticataleptic effect of energostim.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Catalepsia/prevención & control , Animales , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Antipsicóticos/toxicidad , Catalepsia/inducido químicamente , Catalepsia/metabolismo , Citocromos c/farmacología , Masculino , Microsomas/efectos de los fármacos , Microsomas/metabolismo , NAD/farmacología , Ratas , Receptores Dopaminérgicos/metabolismo , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia , Sustancia Negra/efectos de los fármacos , Sustancia Negra/metabolismo , Trifluoperazina/toxicidadRESUMEN
Administration of trifluoperazine in a single dose of 3 mg/kg induced catalepsy and locomotor disorders in 86% intact animals, which persisted for 4 h. Catalepsy developed in only 15% animals pretreated with antihypoxic and antioxidant agent energostim in a dose of 230 mg/kg. The protective effect of energostim was associated with its ability to maintain the balance between dopaminergic, cholinergic, and adrenal activity in the substantia nigra and medulla oblongata during administration of neuroleptics.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Catalepsia/prevención & control , Animales , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Antipsicóticos/toxicidad , Catalepsia/inducido químicamente , Dihidroxifenilalanina/metabolismo , Dopamina/metabolismo , Epinefrina/metabolismo , Masculino , Bulbo Raquídeo/efectos de los fármacos , Bulbo Raquídeo/metabolismo , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , Ratas , Sustancia Negra/efectos de los fármacos , Sustancia Negra/metabolismo , Trifluoperazina/toxicidadRESUMEN
Positive changes were more pronounced in patients with chronic ischemia of the lower limbs treated with energostim alone and in combination with trental in comparison with patients receiving trental monotherapy. The best effect was attained in patients treated with energostim in combination with trental.
Asunto(s)
Arteriosclerosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Citocromos c/uso terapéutico , Inosina/uso terapéutico , Isquemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Pierna/irrigación sanguínea , NAD/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedad Coronaria/complicaciones , Combinación de Medicamentos , Ecocardiografía , Femenino , Humanos , Isquemia/diagnóstico , Isquemia/etiología , Flujometría por Láser-Doppler , Masculino , Microcirculación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pentoxifilina/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Long-term oral treatment of patients with acute coronary syndromes and type 2 diabetes mellitus with beta-adrenoblockers and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors is associated with positive, though ambiguous changes in the left-ventricular structure and function. These changes should be the reason for choosing optimal therapy ensuring better prognosis in this patient population.
Asunto(s)
Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/uso terapéutico , Angina Inestable/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/uso terapéutico , Bisoprolol/uso terapéutico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Enalapril/uso terapéutico , Infarto del Miocardio/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anciano , Angina Inestable/complicaciones , Angina Inestable/fisiopatología , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Corazón/fisiopatología , Hemodinámica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio/complicaciones , Infarto del Miocardio/fisiopatología , PronósticoRESUMEN
We studied morphological characteristics of the regenerative process in gingival tissues during therapy of chronic periodontitis. Energostim stimulated macrophageal reaction and promoted neoangiogenesis in the inflammatory infiltrate. It was not observed after traditional drug therapy. Energostim promoted vascularization in regenerating tissues, normalized the structure at a greater area of the lamina propria of the gingiva, and prevented fibrous and sclerotic changes. The volume of histiolymphocytic infiltrates in regenerating gingival tissues decreased after application of intradental splints.
Asunto(s)
Citocromos c/farmacología , Encía/patología , Gingivitis/patología , Inosina/farmacología , NAD/farmacología , Periodontitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Capilares/metabolismo , Enfermedad Crónica , Combinación de Medicamentos , Epitelio/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Encía/irrigación sanguínea , Humanos , Inflamación , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/patología , Membrana Mucosa/patología , Periodontitis/metabolismo , Férulas (Fijadores) , Factores de Tiempo , Cicatrización de HeridasRESUMEN
Morphological study confirmed the positive effect of succinic acid on tissue ultrastructure, energy metabolism in cells of fibroblastic differon, reorganization and neogenesis of intercellular substance of the periodontal connective tissue during the retention period after correction of simulated dental torsion abnormality in dogs.
Asunto(s)
Periodoncio/efectos de los fármacos , Periodoncio/ultraestructura , Ácido Succínico/farmacología , Anomalías Dentarias/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Colágeno/análisis , Colágeno/ultraestructura , Tejido Conectivo/fisiología , Tejido Conectivo/ultraestructura , Perros , Fibroblastos/citología , Fibroblastos/fisiología , Fibroblastos/ultraestructura , Microscopía , Periodoncio/citología , Periodoncio/patología , Anomalías Dentarias/patología , Anomalía Torsional , Cicatrización de HeridasRESUMEN
The results of combined therapy of chronic moderate generalized periodontitis can be improved by adding richlocaine to protocols of drug therapy: the drug reduces the time of treatment, prolongs remission, decreases the number of relapses, and stabilizes pathological processes in periodontal tissues.
Asunto(s)
Analgésicos/uso terapéutico , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Periodontitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Periodontitis/prevención & control , Piperidinas/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Anciano , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Periodontitis/diagnóstico por imagen , Periodontitis/patología , Radiografía , Prevención SecundariaRESUMEN
We studied the effect of local anesthetic richlocaine on proliferation and intracellular calcium content in cultured osteoblasts from rat parietal bone. In a concentration of 1 mg/ml this drug produced a cytotoxic effect on osteoblasts. In concentrations of 0.01 and 0.001 mg/ml richlocaine in the absence and presence of subtoxic dose of sodium cyanide (0.2 mM) increased the number of osteoblasts by 15.4 and 36.6 or 13.8 and 38.6%, respectively. In a concentration of 1 mg/ml, richlocaine increased the content of cytosolic calcium in osteoblasts by 105%. These effects of richlocaine in low concentrations (0.01 and 0.001 mg/ml) can be related to stimulation of metabolic processes in osteoblasts.
Asunto(s)
Anestésicos Locales/toxicidad , Calcio/análisis , División Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Piperidinas/toxicidad , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Calcio/metabolismo , Supervivencia Celular , Células Cultivadas , Citosol/química , Citosol/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Hueso Parietal/citología , Venenos/farmacología , Ratas , Cianuro de Sodio/farmacologíaRESUMEN
We propose a new mechanism of atrial fibrillation basing on the results of 30 series of acute experiments on anesthetized cats. In brief, combination of two or more arrhythmogenic factors shortens the interval between the inward and outward ionic currents in cardiomyocytes to a critical value. Under these conditions repolarization of cardiomyocyte membrane reaches the excitation threshold before complete inactivation of the depolarizing currents. This inevitably results in autoexcitation of myocytes (or extrasystole), that in turn promotes repolarization. Once occurred, autoexcitation turns into self-triggering activity resembling tachyarrhythmia paroxysm.
Asunto(s)
Fibrilación Atrial/patología , Miocardio/citología , Animales , Arritmias Cardíacas/metabolismo , Fibrilación Atrial/metabolismo , Gatos , Membrana Celular , Iones , Procainamida/metabolismo , Nervio Vago/patologíaRESUMEN
In acute experiments on cats, stimulation of the caudal cardiac nerve inhibited tonic and synchronizing components of the vagal chronotropic effects and suppressed arrhythmogenic effect of vagal stimulation. By contrast, stimulation of ansa subclavia potentiated the effects of vagal stimulation. A novel model of vagosympathetic interactions in the heart of mammals is proposed.
Asunto(s)
Fibrilación Atrial/etiología , Corazón/inervación , Sistema Nervioso Simpático/fisiología , Nervio Vago/fisiología , Animales , Gatos , Estimulación Eléctrica , Modelos Neurológicos , Ganglio Estrellado/fisiologíaRESUMEN
In experiments on anesthetized cats, aconitine produced direct arrhythmogenic and cardiotoxic effects on the myocardium combined with indirect cardiotropic effects mediated via activation of extracardial nerves. Aconitine demonstrated pronounced cholinolytic properties and blocked vagal arrhythmogenic effect.
Asunto(s)
Aconitina/farmacología , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/farmacología , Corazón/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Gatos , Corazón/inervación , Corazón/fisiología , Nervio Vago/efectos de los fármacos , Nervio Vago/fisiologíaRESUMEN
The effect of cyclic GABA derivative TZ-146 on the content of catecholamines, serotonin, their metabolites, and neurotransmitter amino acids in rat hypothalamus and brain stem was studied by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Opposite changes in the content of homovanillic acid, aspartate, glutamate, and glycine in the examined structures were accompanied by inhibition of dopamine metabolism. Possible participation of cerebral glutamatergic system in the effect of TZ-146 is discussed.