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An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) started in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and quickly spread around the world. Current evidence is contradictory on the association of asthma with COVID-19 and associated severe outcomes. Type 2 inflammation may reduce the risk for severe COVID-19. Whether asthma diagnosis may be a risk factor for severe COVID-19, especially for those with severe disease or non-allergic phenotypes, deserves further attention and clarification. In addition, COVID-19 does not appear to provoke asthma exacerbations, and asthma therapeutics should be continued for patients with exposure to COVID-19. Changes in the intensity of pollinization, an earlier start and extension of the pollinating season, and the increase in production and allergenicity of pollen are known direct effects that air pollution has on physical, chemical, and biological properties of the pollen grains. They are influenced and triggered by meteorological variables that could partially explain the effect on COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 is capable of persisting in the environment and can be transported by bioaerosols which can further influence its transmission rate and seasonality. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the behavior of adults and children globally. A general trend during the pandemic has been human isolation indoors due to school lockdowns and loss of job or implementation of virtual work at home. A consequence of this behavior change would presumably be changes in indoor allergen exposures and reduction of inhaled outdoor allergens. Therefore, lockdowns during the pandemic might have improved some specific allergies, while worsening others, depending on the housing conditions.

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The Pululahua Geobotanical Reserve is a protected natural area in the cloud mountain forest of Ecuador, so rich in orchid species despite being a volcanic area still under threat of volcanic activity. A comparative biodiversity study of orchids was carried out in two different sectors, Chaupisacha (CH) and La Reventazón (LR). Data were collected in 1 ha plots in each sector, in which all the orchids found were counted and two individuals of each species were retained. Immature individuals were conserved in a plant nursery until flowering. In CH, there were 922 individuals grouped into 24 genera and 55 species, while LR had 9196 individuals grouped into 26 genera and 46 species; only 14 species were found in both sectors. Different density and diversity indexes were calculated. The density (ind./100 m2) of CH was 0.96, while that of LR was 185.92. Simpson's diversity (1 - λ) attained CH 0.903 ± 0.01 and LR 0.85 ± 0.01. The orchid diversity measured by the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') was 1.29 for CH, differing significantly from that of LR (H' 1.02). The medium equity (Jaccard's J') found was 0.61 in CH and 90.78 in LR. Limitations as regards the natural dispersion of orchids seemed to favor endemism. Some species, such as Dracula felix and Restrepia guttulate, are threatened with disappearance from the wild or are vulnerable, as is the case for Epidendrum polyanthogastrium. A lack of information on the phenology and anthropic impacts in the area limit the conservation of species, signifying that new protected figures and seed banks are necessary, especially in CH, owing to its high diversity of orchids.

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Indoor environments contribute significantly to total human exposure to air pollutants, as people spend most of their time indoors. Household air pollution (HAP) resulting from cooking with polluting ("dirty") fuels, which include coal, kerosene, and biomass (wood, charcoal, crop residues, and animal manure) is a global environmental health problem. Indoor pollutants are gases, particulates, toxins, and microorganisms among others, that can have an impact especially on the health of children and adults through a combination of different mechanisms on oxidative stress and gene activation, epigenetic, cellular, and immunological systems. Air pollution is a major risk factor and contributor to morbidity and mortality from major chronic diseases. Children are significantly affected by the impact of the environment due to biological immaturity, prenatal and postnatal lung development. Poor air quality has been related to an increased prevalence of clinical manifestations of allergic asthma and rhinitis. Health professionals should increase their role in managing the exposure of children and adults to air pollution with better methods of care, prevention, and collective action. Interventions to reduce household pollutants may promote health and can be achieved with education, community, and health professional involvement.

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Introduction: Statistical study about the health care provided to seafarers on board their ships by the Spanish Radio Medical Center of the Marine Social Institute (Ministry of Employment and Social Security). Material and results: In 2015, 1658 calls were received requesting medical assistance and 1014 patients were attended (average: 1.64 calls / case). The use of satellite communication was the most common means of communication used (92.2%). The mean age of the patients was 44.51 (standard deviation = 9.892). The average age of Spanish and European Union crew members is higher than those of other origin (p < 0.01). Trawlers account for the 76.4% of the calls asking for medical assistance, merchant ships the 13.2%, travelling ships 1%, yachts 0.5% and others 8.8%. No significant differences were found between the pathology seen and the type of vessel (p> 0.1). 25% of medical consultations were due to trauma conditions and 75% to other diseases. In trauma patients, the affected body regions were: the upper limbs (40.2%), the head (10.8%), the lower limbs (16.7%) and the trunk (12.7%). Isolated eye traumas represented the 11.2% of cases. 81.6% of all the cases were treated on board until port destination. In the 18.4% of the cases, rescue was required (3.2% per helicopter). In the trauma cases, only 61.26% were able to remain on board. Rescue was more frequent in the event of trauma (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Assistances due to diseases are more frequent than those due to trauma. Most patients could be assisted on board. It was observed that seafarer population is becoming older.

Introducción: Estudio estadístico de la atención sanitaria prestada por el Centro Radio Médico Español del Instituto Social de la Marina a los marinos a bordo de sus buques. Material y resultados: Durante un año, se asistieron 1014 pacientes y se recibieron 1658 llamadas demandando consulta médica (media: 1.64 llamadas/caso). El satélite es el medio de comunicación más empleado para la consulta (92.2%). La media de edad de los pacientes fue de 44.51 (desviación estándar = 9.892). La media de edad de los tripulantes españoles y de la Unión Europea es mayor que el resto (p = 0,00). Los pesqueros representan un 76.4% de las asistencias; los mercantes, 13.2%; pasaje, 1%; buques de recreo, 0.5%, y otros, 8.8%. No se han encontrado diferencias significativas entre la afección consultada y el tipo de buque (p > 0.1). El 25% de las atenciones se debieron a accidentes y el 75% a enfermedades. En los accidentes, las regiones corporales afectadas fuern: miembros superiores (10%), cabeza (5.5%), miembros inferiores (4.1%) y tronco (3.2%). Los ojos representan el 2.8% de los casos. El 81.6% de todos los casos fue atendido a bordo hasta la siguiente llegada a puerto. En el 18.4% fue necesaria la evacuación (3.2% por helicóptero). En el caso de los accidentados, sólo el 6.26% pudo permanecer a bordo. La evacuación es más frecuente en caso de accidente (p = 0.00). Conclusiones: Son más frecuentes las asistencias por enfermedad que por accidente. La mayoría de los pacientes pueden permanecer a bordo. Se observa un envejecimiento de la población embarcada.

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La polinosis es una de las alergias más comunes en el mundo, condicionando de manera directa la calidad de vida de la población, siendo la polinosis al olivo una de las más frecuentes en zonas de clima Mediterráneo. La previsión de los niveles de polen en la atmósfera se ha convertido en un objetivo fundamental para alergólogos y aerobiólogos, tratando de prevenir los síntomas de la polinosis. Google trends es una herramienta desarrollada por Google, que nos facilita información acerca de la dinámica de búsquedas de los usuarios a través de internet. Como objetivo principal de este trabajo se pretende realizar un valoración preliminar de la utilidad de esta herramienta para detectar la presencia de polen en la atmósfera y para explorar el impacto de polinosis entre la población.Para alcanzar dichos objetivos se han empleado datos aerobiológicos sobre concentración de polen de olivo en la atmósfera de Córdoba (España) y datos sobre tendencias de búsqueda en el buscador Google de las palabras ôAlergiaõ, ôPolenõ y ôOlivoõ. Se ha observado una elevada correlación y relación geográfica entre la tendencia de búsquedas de palabras relacionadas con polinosis y las concentraciones reales de polen atmosférico. Esta herramienta posee una gran potencial en la lucha contra la polinosis, ya que permite conocer información instantánea acerca de los síntomas en la problación, a diferencia de los métodos tradicionales que presentan un desfase de la información. De este modo, el presente trabajo ofrece evidencias acerca del potencial de Google trends para detectar la presencia de aeroalérgenos y para estudiar el impacto de la polinosis...

Pollinosis is one of the most extended allergies in the world, determining directly the quality of life of the population. Airborne pollen forecasting has become a key objective for allergists and aerobiologists trying to prevent the symptoms of hay fever. Google trends is a tool developed by Google, which provides information about the dynamics of user searches through internet. The main aim of this work is to conduct a preliminary assessment of the usefulness of this tool to detect the presence of large concentrations of pollen in the atmosphere and to explore the impact of pollinosis among the population.To achieve these objectives, the analysis is based on data for olive pollen concentrations in the atmosphere of Cordoba (Spain) and search counts in Google of the words "Allergy", "Pollen" and "Olive". We observed a high correlation and a high geographic relationship between the number of searches for words related to pollen allergy, and the actual concentrations of atmospheric pollen. This tool possesses a great potential in the fight against allergy because it can provide instant and on-line information about symptoms in population, unlike traditional methods that have a mismatch of information. Thus, the present study provides evidence about the potential of Google trends to detect the presence of aeroallergens and to study the impact of pollinosis...

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OBJECTIVE: understand the everyday and the imaginary of Nursing students in their knowledge socialization process through the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) strategy. METHOD: Action Research, involving 86 students from the second year of an undergraduate Nursing program in Spain. A Critical Incident Questionnaire and Group interview were used. Thematic/categorical analysis, triangulation of researchers, subjects and techniques. RESULTS: the students signal the need to have a view from within, reinforcing the criticism against the schematic dualism; PBL allows one to learn how to be with the other, with his mechanical and organic solidarity; the feeling together, with its emphasis on learning to work in group and wanting to be close to the person taking care. CONCLUSIONS: The great contradictions the protagonists of the process, that is, the students experience seem to express that group learning is not a form of gaining knowledge, as it makes them lose time to study. The daily, the execution time and the imaginary of how learning should be do not seem to have an intersection point in the use of Problem-Based Learning. The importance of focusing on the daily and the imaginary should be reinforced when we consider nursing education.

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OBJECTIVE: understand the everyday and the imaginary of Nursing students in their knowledge socialization process through the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) strategy. METHOD: Action Research, involving 86 students from the second year of an undergraduate Nursing program in Spain. A Critical Incident Questionnaire and Group interview were used. Thematic/categorical analysis, triangulation of researchers, subjects and techniques. RESULTS: the students signal the need to have a view from within, reinforcing the criticism against the schematic dualism; PBL allows one to learn how to be with the other, with his mechanical and organic solidarity; the feeling together, with its emphasis on learning to work in group and wanting to be close to the person taking care. CONCLUSIONS: The great contradictions the protagonists of the process, that is, the students experience seem to express that group learning is not a form of gaining knowledge, as it makes them lose time to study. The daily, the execution time and the imaginary of how learning should be do not seem to have an intersection point in the use of Problem-Based Learning. The importance of focusing on the daily and the imaginary should be reinforced when we consider nursing education. .

OBJETIVO: compreender o cotidiano e o imaginário dos alunos de Enfermagem em seu processo socializador do conhecimento, através da estratégia de Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas. MÉTODO: Pesquisa-Ação, desenvolvida com 86 alunos da segunda turma de um curso de graduação em Enfermagem, na Espanha. Utilizou-se um Questionário de Incidências Críticas e Entrevista Grupal, análise temática/categorial, triangulação de investigadores, sujeitos e técnicas. RESULTADOS: os estudantes indicaram a necessidade de se ter uma visão de dentro, reforçando a crítica contra o dualismo esquemático; a Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas possibilita: aprender a estar com o outro, com sua solidariedade mecânica e orgânica; o sentir juntos, com ênfase no aprender a trabalhar em grupo e querer estar próximo daquele que cuida. CONCLUSÕES: as grandes contradições vividas pelos protagonistas do processo, os estudantes, parecem expressar que a aprendizagem grupal não é uma forma de ganhar conhecimentos, ao tirar seu tempo para estudar. O cotidiano, o tempo de execução e o imaginário de como precisa ser a aprendizagem parece não possuir um ponto de encontro na utilização da Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas. Reforça-se a importância de enfocar o cotidiano e o imaginário quando se pensa na educação em enfermagem. .

OBJETIVO: comprender lo cotidiano y lo imaginario de los alumnos de Enfermería en su proceso socializador del conocimiento a través de la estrategia del Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP). MÉTODO: Investigación Acción, desarrollada con 86 alumnos de 2º curso de Grado en Enfermería en España. Se utilizó Cuestionario de Incidencias Críticas y Entrevista grupal. Análisis temático/categorial, triangulación de investigadores, sujetos y técnicas. RESULTADOS: los estudiantes señalan la necesidad de tener una visión desde dentro, reforzando la crítica al dualismo esquemático; el ABP posibilita aprender a estar con otro, con su solidaridad mecánica y orgánica; el sentir juntos, con su énfasis en aprender a trabajar en grupo y querer estar próximo de aquel que cuida. CONCLUSIONES: Las grandes contradicciones que viven los protagonistas del proceso, los estudiantes, parecen expresar que el aprendizaje grupal no sea una forma de adquirir conocimientos, al incidir en que les quita tiempo para estudiar. Lo cotidiano, el tiempo de ejecución, y lo imaginario de cómo precisa ser el aprendizaje, parecen no tener un punto de encuentro en la utilización del Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas. Reforzar la importancia de enfocar lo cotidiano y lo imaginario, cuando pensamos en la educación en enfermería. .

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Pyknodysostosis is a rare autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia characterized by short stature, deformity of the skull, osteosclerosis, hypoplasia of the clavicle, and bone fragility. Radiographs show increased bone density, osteosclerosis, and acroosteolysis of the terminal phalanges. The pycnodysostosis gene is located on chromosome 1q21 and encodes an enzyme called Cathepsin K. Cathepsin K is a cysteine protease lysosomal protein associated with the degradation of bone and cartilage. In the current study, the authors described the clinical, radiological and molecular features of a group of six Mexican patients, including two familial and two sporadic cases, with Pyknodysostosis. One of the patients presented hypoacusia, an unusual finding in this disease.