RESUMEN
Highlighted in the paper are basic treatment modalities for carcinoma of the stomach at the present stage of development of abdominal oncology, including original developments of the Ukrainean Research Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine as the head institution of the country. The main index of references reflect potentialities of and prospects for treatment of gastric carcinoma over the last ten years.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Gástricas/terapia , Biomarcadores de Tumor/análisis , Terapia Combinada , Humanos , Inmunoterapia , Neoplasias Gástricas/diagnósticoRESUMEN
After combined treatment of 74 patients for colorectal cancer using preoperative neoadjuvant intraarterial selective polychemotherapy (IAPCT) three-year survival index have constituted (77.0 +/- 5.2)%, the cancer recurrence have occurred in (10.8 +/- 2.8)%, distant metastases were revealed in (17.5 +/- 4.2)%. Using verapamil as a IAPCT modifier in 54 patient three-year survival have increased by 11.8%, the frequency of distant metastases occurrence have reduced by 10.1%.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Vasodilatadores/administración & dosificación , Verapamilo/administración & dosificación , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Neoplasias Colorrectales/mortalidad , Neoplasias Colorrectales/cirugía , Humanos , Infusiones Intraarteriales/efectos adversos , Infusiones Intraarteriales/métodos , Cuidados Preoperatorios/métodosRESUMEN
The combined treatment of 53 patients with colonic cancer, using neoadjuvant intraarterial polychemotherapy (IAPCT), was conducted. The trustworthy lowering of the catheterized artery thrombosis occurrence rate, the tumor recurrence-by 7%, distant metastases-by 13.9%, two-year survival increase-by 15.5% was promoted by verapamil application as a IAPCT modifier.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias del Colon/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Antimetabolitos Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Colectomía , Neoplasias del Colon/mortalidad , Neoplasias del Colon/cirugía , Terapia Combinada , Doxorrubicina/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Fluorouracilo/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Infusiones Intraarteriales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cuidados Preoperatorios , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
On the basis of surveys of literature and the author's own experience of work, ulcerous lesions of the stomach should be regarded at present as a facultative (precancerous) condition rather than obligate precancer. A great many of biopsy specimens need to be taken from the patient's stomach across the lifespan and subjected to morphologic study on a repeated basis before an adequate answer can be given to a question of a possibility of developing cancer from chronic ulcer of the stomach.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma/etiología , Neoplasias Gástricas/etiología , Úlcera Gástrica/complicaciones , Carcinoma/patología , Transformación Celular Neoplásica/patología , Enfermedad Crónica , Epitelio/patología , Mucosa Gástrica/patología , Humanos , Neoplasias Gástricas/patología , Úlcera Gástrica/patologíaRESUMEN
The proposed method for tumor screening ("Oncotest") is based on detecting substances (calcium-histone complexes) in the human blood which are markers of malignant neoplasia. Using "Oncotest" in a series of 5411 cases, we identified malignant tumors of various histogenesis (cancer, sarcoma) arising in different sites in 69 cases. "Oncotest" is especially important for early (pre-clinical) detection of malignant neoplasms during preventive population screenings.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Calcio/sangre , Histonas/sangre , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Neoplasias/prevención & control , Errores Diagnósticos , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Humanos , Tamizaje Masivo/estadística & datos numéricos , Neoplasias/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/prevención & control , Enfermedades Profesionales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Profesionales/prevención & control , Centrales Eléctricas , Liberación de Radiactividad Peligrosa , UcraniaRESUMEN
Experience in the treatment of 25 patients with aggressive fibromatosis of the true pelvis is discussed. To establish a precise diagnosis obligatory and special methods of examination were applied. Secondary changes in the adjacent organs and structures were found in 24 patients. Radical operations were conducted on 19 (76%) patients, in 13 of them the interventions were combined. The mean duration of the operations was 5.3 hours. Complications developed in 17 out of 19 patients. Hemorrhage was the most frequent (in 12 out of 19 patients) and menacing complication. The blood loss was 3036.8 ml on the average. Recurrences were registered in 8 out of 19 (42.1%) patients.
Asunto(s)
Fibroma/cirugía , Neoplasias Pélvicas/cirugía , Adolescente , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Fibroma/diagnóstico por imagen , Fibroma/patología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Pélvicas/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Pélvicas/patología , Pelvis/patología , RadiografíaRESUMEN
Lennert's lymphoma is a malignant lymphoproliferative disease first described by K. Lennert in 1966. Morphological manifestation of the disease is the presence of Hodgkin-, Berezovsky-Sternberg cells which are arranged at the background of lymphoid series cells, neutrophils, epithelioid cellular elements in the histological preparation. The clinical presentations of the disease include rapid progression, the presence of general toxic symptoms. Optimal treatment option of these conditions includes, in the authors' judgement, 1-3 courses of polychemotherapy at the start of the treatment, remote gamma-therapy to the area of the lesion foci, with subsequent use of several courses (not fewer than three) of polychemotherapy.
Asunto(s)
Linfoma no Hodgkin/patología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Histocitoquímica , Humanos , Linfoma no Hodgkin/tratamiento farmacológico , Linfoma no Hodgkin/enzimología , Linfoma no Hodgkin/radioterapia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Radioterapia Adyuvante , Recurrencia , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
A complex examination of 1400 patients with pathologies of the lungs and mediastinum was carried out using roentgenologic, endoscopic, bioptic and cytologic methods. Diagnosis was confirmed morphologically in 93.7% of cases. More specific information was obtained by express cytologic examination in 97.9% of cases of malignant growth and in 64.4% with benign tumors. On the basis of the test results, preoperative intratumor chemotherapy technique suggested by the authors may be recommended for clinical use.
Asunto(s)
Biopsia con Aguja , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias del Mediastino/patología , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Adolescente , Anciano , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Doxorrubicina/uso terapéutico , Epirrubicina/uso terapéutico , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Femenino , Humanos , Pulmón/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Masculino , Neoplasias del Mediastino/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias del Mediastino/terapia , Mediastino/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neumonectomía , RadiografíaRESUMEN
Preoperative intraarterial chemotherapy was administered to 69 patients with gastric cancer. In 34 patients the tumor was localized in the antral portion, in 27 in the body of the stomach involving the proximal portion, and in 8 total involvement of the stomach was revealed. Left gastric artery was catheterized in 42 patients, right gastric-omental artery in 27. An original method of "loop" catheterization of celiac artery branches was used permitting a selective probing of gastric arteries proper. For prolonged intraarterial chemotherapy of gastric cancer adriablastin or farmorubicin were used in single dose 30 mg/M2, 5-fluorouracil in dose 500 mg/M2; the cytostatics were infused in 2-3 sessions. Immediate results of intraarterial chemotherapy were assessed by angiography and other instrumental methods of investigation, as well as intraoperatively and by morphometric analysis. In 62.4% of patients significant or total destruction of the tumor was attained, the volumic share of a viable tumor component being 0 to 2.1%. Altogether 95% of patients survived the follow-up of 2 to 30 months.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infusiones Intraarteriales , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidad , Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Adulto , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/mortalidad , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirugía , Terapia Combinada , Doxorrubicina/administración & dosificación , Epirrubicina/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Fluorouracilo/administración & dosificación , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cuidados Preoperatorios , Neoplasias Gástricas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirugía , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Effect of endolymphatic lymphotropic polychemotherapy on tumor and regional lymphatic nodi was studied in postoperative material of 30 patients with vulval carcinoma. Significant antiblastomatous effect was obtained, tumor impairment index ranging from 68.9 to 79.2%.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Cuidados Preoperatorios , Neoplasias de la Vulva/patología , Neoplasias de la Vulva/terapia , Anciano , Terapia Combinada , Ciclofosfamida/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Fluorouracilo/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Inyecciones Intralinfáticas , Ganglios Linfáticos/efectos de los fármacos , Metástasis Linfática , Metotrexato/administración & dosificación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prospidio/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
The complex examination of 1400 patients with pathologic masses of the lungs and mediastinal organs with the use of roentgenologic, endoscopic, puncture bioptic and cytologic methods was carried out. Morphologic verification of diagnosis was performed in 93.7% of the patients. In express cytologic study, histogenesis of neoplasms of the thoracic cavity organs was specified in 97.9% of cases of a malignant tumour, and in 64.4% of those of a benign one.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Biopsia con Aguja/métodos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Neumonectomía , Terapia Combinada , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Cuidados Preoperatorios , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Tórax , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The results of roentgeno-endovascular intervention in nephroblastoma in 31 child are presented. For chemoembolization, suspension of lipiodol and adriamycin was used, for control of the effectiveness of the intervention--the radiopharmaceutical preparation pyrophosphate. After embolization, the decrease in tumor size was noted. This made easier the performance of nephrectomy, the volume of blood loss reduced. Pathomorphism of neuroblastoma induced by chemoembolization was studied. No complications were noted.
Asunto(s)
Quimioembolización Terapéutica/métodos , Doxorrubicina/administración & dosificación , Aceite Yodado/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Renales/terapia , Nefrectomía/métodos , Arteria Renal/efectos de los fármacos , Tumor de Wilms/terapia , Niño , Preescolar , Terapia Combinada , Humanos , Lactante , Neoplasias Renales/irrigación sanguínea , Cuidados Preoperatorios , Tumor de Wilms/irrigación sanguíneaAsunto(s)
Quimioembolización Terapéutica/métodos , Doxorrubicina/administración & dosificación , Aceite Yodado/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Renales/terapia , Riñón/anomalías , Arteria Renal/efectos de los fármacos , Tumor de Wilms/terapia , Preescolar , Humanos , Riñón/irrigación sanguínea , Neoplasias Renales/irrigación sanguínea , Masculino , Tumor de Wilms/irrigación sanguíneaRESUMEN
The histogenesis, classification, terminology of histiocytic lymphomas is analyzed. The possibilities are shown of their diagnosis evaluating lectin histochemistry data which is of major importance for the prognosis of the clinical course of the disease.
Asunto(s)
Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Biopsia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Histiocitos/patología , Humanos , Lectinas , Persona de Mediana Edad , Coloración y Etiquetado/métodosRESUMEN
Results of treatment of gastric cancer with using preoperative superselective intraarterial polychemotherapy are described. The method was used in 57 patients with gastric cancer of the III-IV degrees and was followed by radical surgical treatment. The use of chemotherapy and operation resulted in complete destruction of the tumor in 63.8% of cases, partial regression in 19.2%. An inconsiderable effect was obtained in 17.0%. One-year survival was noted in 100% of the patients.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administración & dosificación , Cuidados Preoperatorios/métodos , Neoplasias Gástricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirugía , Adulto , Terapia Combinada , Gastrectomía , Humanos , Infusiones Intraarteriales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Síndromes Posgastrectomía/epidemiología , Inducción de Remisión , Neoplasias Gástricas/mortalidadRESUMEN
To reduce the risk of intraoperative metastases and increasing ablastic principles in radical surgical treatment of patients with cancer of the rectum the authors developed a scheme of preoperative treatment including endolymphatic polychemotherapy and UHF-hyperthermia. 5-fluorouracil and platidiam were used in the treatment of 30 patients with different histological types of adenocarcinomas of the rectum (grade III-IV). After treatment the viable epithelial component in the tumour was 26.5% as compared with 44.8% in the control. The effect of treatment was favourable both objectively and subjectively. The treatment was well tolerated.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Hipertermia Inducida , Microondas , Neoplasias del Recto/terapia , Adulto , Anciano , Terapia Combinada , Anastomosis Endolinfática , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias del Recto/cirugíaRESUMEN
Local intracavitary hyperthermia and simultaneous intensive-concentrated irradiation were used in 23 patients with esophageal cancer and 64 cases of cardioesophageal malignancy prior to surgery. The procedure for thermometry is described. Hyperthermia was carried out after the second and fifth (out of six) radiation fractions, thermotolerability being taken into account. Complete and partial response rate was 72.7% in the study group compared to 56.5% in controls. The volume fraction of viable parenchyma dropped to 2.1 +/- 0.2% (16.6 +/- 1.5% in controls) whereas the injury index according to Lavnikova rose to 95.0% (58.7% in controls).
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Esofágicas/terapia , Hipertermia Inducida , Cuidados Preoperatorios , Teleterapia por Radioisótopo , Neoplasias Gástricas/terapia , Cardias , Terapia Combinada/métodos , Esofagectomía , Gastrectomía , Humanos , Hipertermia Inducida/instrumentación , Hipertermia Inducida/métodos , Cuidados Preoperatorios/métodos , Dosificación Radioterapéutica , Termómetros , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The authors present a histomorphological, cytological and cytochemical study of lymph node biopsy material from 4 patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This rarely occurring lymphomas revealed a large number of giant cells with mitoses. The histiocytic nature of the cells was confirmed cytoenzymologically. The clinical picture is characterized by aggressive course, resistance to cytostatic therapy.