RESUMEN
The authors described the variants of initial surgical d-bridement on the basis of experience of treatment of 183 patients of multistaged treatment program.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos Craneocerebrales/cirugía , Desbridamiento/métodos , Traumatismos Faciales/cirugía , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Traumatismo Múltiple/cirugía , Fracturas Craneales/cirugía , Adulto , Traumatismos Craneocerebrales/diagnóstico , Tratamiento de Urgencia/métodos , Traumatismos Faciales/diagnóstico , Femenino , Hemostasis Quirúrgica/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Mínimamente Invasivos/métodos , Traumatismo Múltiple/diagnóstico , Evaluación de Procesos y Resultados en Atención de Salud , Planificación de Atención al Paciente , Fracturas Craneales/diagnóstico , Índices de Gravedad del TraumaRESUMEN
Using 200 skull specimens of adult persons, morphometric characteristics of the articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint were studied in different types of physiological and pathological occlusion. For systematization of the skulls studied by occlusion type, the classification of V. N. Trezubov was applied. It was found that the sizes of the head of the mandible, the mandibular fossa and articular tubercle in orthognathic occlusion and transient forms were practically the same. Maximum differences in these parameters (sagittal head diameter, anteroposterior size and depth of the mandibular fossa) was found between the groups of skulls with orthognatic and abnormal types of occlusion. It is shown that in the anomalous types of occlusion not only the morphological characteristics of the articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint were changed, but mostly the intra-articular topography of the articulating joint surfaces. These changes can serve as the major. causes of development of dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint.
Asunto(s)
Oclusión Dental , Articulación Temporomandibular/anatomía & histología , Adulto , HumanosRESUMEN
The research was performed on 15 non embalmed bodies and 32 abdominal complexes of adult individuals. The comparative study of variant anatomy of splenic ligaments and architectonics of arteries passing through them was carried out to substantiate the mobilization of splenopancreatic complex. Anatomical and angiographic restudied were carried out using preparation, morphometry, injection of gastric, pancreatic and splenic vascular bed with red lead suspension. It was established that the form and sizes of splenic ligaments and their interrelation with the branches of the splenic artery were variable. The minimal and maximal sizes of gastrolienal, phrenicosplenic and splenocolic ligaments differed 2-3 times. In most cases, spleen was fixed in abdominal cavity by many short ligaments. It was shown that architectonics and topography of main branches of spleen artery were determined by morphometric characteristics of the spleen proper and its ligaments. The knowledge of splenic ligament variant anatomy allows a new perspective to approach to substantiate different methods of the mobilization of spleno-pancreatic complex during surgical operations on organs of the upper part of the peritoneal cavity and organ-preserving surgery of the spleen.
Asunto(s)
Ligamentos/anatomía & histología , Bazo/anatomía & histología , Bazo/irrigación sanguínea , Arteria Esplénica/anatomía & histología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Morphometric characteristics of a palato-alveolar complex were studied in the skulls of 150 adult individuals with various shapes of a facial and cerebral skull. No statistically significant differences in the parameters of a palato-alveolar complex were established between the groups systematized by the value of their transverse-longitudinal index of the brain skull. However, the significant differences were found between the groups of skulls, selected by the value of upper facial index. Thus, the width of the palate at the level of canines, premolars and molars, the width of the alveolar arc at the same levels and the distances between greater palatine foramena were significantly higher in the group of euriprosops. Using Pearson linear correlation, a positive correlation of various degrees was shown between the parameters of a cerebral and facial skull and the sizes of a palato-alveolar complex. The dependence between the shape of the facial skull and the form of a palato-alveolar complex was also noted. Parameters characterizing the position of greater palatine foramen relative to other anatomical structures were found to have low variability.
Asunto(s)
Proceso Alveolar/anatomía & histología , Dentición Permanente , Paladar Duro/anatomía & histología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Morphometric characteristics of the condyles of the femur and tibia were studied in 100 skeletons of the lower limb of adult individuals of I and II periods of mature age. Longitudinal, transverse and vertical sizes were measured, and on the basis of these data the indexes of conformity of the condyles of these bones between themselves were calculated. The wide range of variant anatomy of the condyles of both bones was found, as well as the presence of pronounced individual features. In men all the dimensions studied of the condyles were larger than in women. The results of the measurements of the condyles for both bones revealed 3 variant forms: with a predominance of medial condyle dimensions, with equal sizes of the medial and lateral condyle, and with a predominance of size of the lateral condyle. Indexes of conformity of the femoral and tibial condyles, proposed by us, demonstrated that the longitudinal dimensions of the femoral condyles prevailed over the corresponding sizes of the tibial condyles, while their transverse dimensions were virtually identical.
Asunto(s)
Fémur/anatomía & histología , Articulación de la Rodilla/anatomía & histología , Tibia/anatomía & histología , Adulto , Antropometría , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Esqueleto/anatomía & histologíaRESUMEN
A comparative study of the effect of the combination of Nissen fundoplication, different variants of splenectomy ligation of left gastric artery on stomach wall arterial bed blood fillability was carried out on 40 human corpses in 6 research series. The red lead paint suspension was used for the injection of arterial bed. It was shown that combination of Nissen operation andligation of stomach short arteries during splenectomy and left gastric artery trunk in its intraligamental part resulted in the impairment of the stomach wall blood supply. In the gastric fundus area avascular zones measuring from 2.5 x 3.0 to 5.0 x 10.0 cm and larger, were detected. The stomach wall of the given areas is potentially prone to necrosis. Avascular zones in the stomach wall were not observed when short gastric arteries were preserved.
Asunto(s)
Arterias/patología , Fundoplicación/efectos adversos , Esplenectomía/efectos adversos , Estómago/irrigación sanguínea , Adulto , Anciano , Arterias/fisiología , Arterias/cirugía , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estómago/patología , Estómago/cirugíaRESUMEN
Comprehensive anthropometric and densitometric study using the dual x-ray absorptiometry was conducted to determine the relationship between the mineral density of bone tissue and somatotype in 360 women aged 20 to 87 years, permanently residing in the Republic of Karelia. Significant direct correlation was detected between the somatotype and the amount of mineral substances in the vertebrae, bone mineral density and the area of the lumbar vertebrae. Bone mineral density level of the lumbar vertebrae was higher in women with europlastic and athletic somatotypes, which were characterized by high values of body mass and length, body muscle and fat mass. Low values of bone mineral density of vertebrae were identified in women belonging to subathletic, mesoplastic and stenoplastic somatotypes. The risk of developing osteopenia and osteoporosis is increased in women with low body muscle mass.