RESUMEN
In the forensic practice of examining bone remains there are cases of anomalies' detection of the skeleton development which have a high identification value for the search for a missing person. The most valuable ones are the features of the facial skull anatomical structure since they are usually well visible and recorded in photographic and medical documents. In the presented case an anomaly in the hard palate development was revealed on the skull of an unknown person found in the Leningrad region - a cleft caused by its underdevelopment.
Asunto(s)
Fisura del Paladar , Paladar Duro , Fisura del Paladar/diagnóstico , Humanos , CráneoRESUMEN
Using 200 skull specimens of adult persons, morphometric characteristics of the articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint were studied in different types of physiological and pathological occlusion. For systematization of the skulls studied by occlusion type, the classification of V. N. Trezubov was applied. It was found that the sizes of the head of the mandible, the mandibular fossa and articular tubercle in orthognathic occlusion and transient forms were practically the same. Maximum differences in these parameters (sagittal head diameter, anteroposterior size and depth of the mandibular fossa) was found between the groups of skulls with orthognatic and abnormal types of occlusion. It is shown that in the anomalous types of occlusion not only the morphological characteristics of the articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint were changed, but mostly the intra-articular topography of the articulating joint surfaces. These changes can serve as the major. causes of development of dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint.
Asunto(s)
Oclusión Dental , Articulación Temporomandibular/anatomía & histología , Adulto , HumanosRESUMEN
Morphometric characteristics of a palato-alveolar complex were studied in the skulls of 150 adult individuals with various shapes of a facial and cerebral skull. No statistically significant differences in the parameters of a palato-alveolar complex were established between the groups systematized by the value of their transverse-longitudinal index of the brain skull. However, the significant differences were found between the groups of skulls, selected by the value of upper facial index. Thus, the width of the palate at the level of canines, premolars and molars, the width of the alveolar arc at the same levels and the distances between greater palatine foramena were significantly higher in the group of euriprosops. Using Pearson linear correlation, a positive correlation of various degrees was shown between the parameters of a cerebral and facial skull and the sizes of a palato-alveolar complex. The dependence between the shape of the facial skull and the form of a palato-alveolar complex was also noted. Parameters characterizing the position of greater palatine foramen relative to other anatomical structures were found to have low variability.