RESUMEN
More than 6 million people are under some form of criminal justice supervision in the United States on any given day. The vast majority are arrested in and return to urban, low-income communities. These are men, women, and adolescents with high rates of infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and tuberculosis (TB), as well as substance abuse and other health problems. A review of recent literature indicates that an increasing problem for these populations is that they have had little prior access to primary health care or health interventions, and many are returning to their communities without critical preventive health information and skills, appropriate medical services, and other necessary support. Periods of incarceration and other criminal justice supervision offer important opportunities to provide a range of health interventions to this underserved population, and general evaluations show the potential for this strategy. Public health and criminal justice agencies have the expertise and should collaborate to provide interventions needed by incarcerated populations. Moreover, many recently released inmates require primary care for HIV/AIDS, other STDs, and TB. Consequently, timely discharge planning is essential, as are linkages with community-based organizations and agencies that can provide medical care, health education, and necessary supportive services.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud , Prisioneros , Adolescente , Adulto , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles/organización & administración , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Problemas Sociales/prevención & control , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
To determine the developmental outcome of premature infants weighing 1,750 gm or less at birth and who had grade III intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), we followed up ten infants with IVH confirmed by computed tomography (CT) and ten CT-negative control infants until they were 12 months corrected age. The infants were evaluated at three-month intervals with neurologic examinations; hearing, speech, and language assessments; Bayley testing; and evoked response studies. Normal criteria were defined in each area. Eight of the ten grade III IVH survivors had identifiable defects, with a predominance of motor deficits, as assessed by two or more parameters. Only three of the ten patients without IVH had two or more suspicious or abnormal assessments. Infants with grade III IVH may have widespread damage. A multidisciplinary approach to evaluating these patients is mandatory to determine the full extent of various deficits. Similar studies of infants with all degrees of IVH may help to define its full impact on their long-term development.
Asunto(s)
Hemorragia Cerebral/complicaciones , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/etiología , Enfermedades del Prematuro/complicaciones , Trastornos de la Articulación/etiología , Hemorragia Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Potenciales Evocados , Trastornos de la Audición/etiología , Hemiplejía/etiología , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Enfermedades del Prematuro/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastornos del Desarrollo del Lenguaje/etiología , Examen Neurológico , Factores de Tiempo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
This study investigated relationships between the variety of infants' social experience and their cognitive competence and motivation to master the environment. A measure of the variety of cognitively-oriented social activities with regular caregivers was significantly related to the Bayley Mental Development Index at 13 months and to three of the four McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities at 31/2 years. The relationships were especially strong with language development at both 1 and 31/2 years. Some relationships between the variety of cognitively-oriented caregiver activities and mastery motivation were found at 1, but not at 31/2 years of age. Infant experience was not related to 13-month motor development.