RESUMEN
AIM: To evaluate the effect of systemic administration of propranolol on the severity of apical periodontitis (AP) in chronically stressed rats. METHODOLOGY: Twenty-four 70-day-old male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus, albinus) were distributed into three groups (n = 8): rats with AP without stressful conditions (AP-Control), rats with AP and submitted to a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) protocol (AP + S) and rats with AP and submitted to a CUS protocol treated with propranolol (AP + S + PRO). Stress procedures were applied daily until the end of the experiment. After 3 weeks of CUS, AP was induced in all groups by exposing the pulpal tissue of mandibular and maxillary first molars to the oral environment. Propranolol treatment was administered orally once a day for the entire period of the experiment. Rats were sacrificed at 42 days, and the blood was collected for stress biomarkers serum dosage by multiplex assay. Mandibles were removed and submitted to microtomography and histopathological analyses. Periapical tissue surrounding the upper first molar was homogenized and subjected to RT-PCR analysis to evaluate the mRNA expression of RANKL, TRAP and OPG. Parametric data were assessed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test while the nonparametric data were analysed by the Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn's test. Significance level was set at 5% (p < .05) for all assessed parameters. RESULTS: Micro-CT revealed statistically significant differences in bone resorption which was greater in the AP + S group (p < .05), but no differences were observed between the Control and AP + S + PRO groups (p > .05). The AP + S + PRO group had a lower intensity and extent of inflammatory infiltrate compared to the AP + S group with smaller areas of bone loss (p < 0.05). The gene expression of RANKL and TRAP was significantly higher in the stressed group AP + S compared to the control group (p < .05), and a significantly higher OPG expression was observed in AP + S + PRO compared to the AP + S group (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Oral administration of propranolol had a significant effect on the AP severity in stressed rats, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect and a protective role on bone resorption of AP in stressed animals. Further research is necessary to fully comprehend the underlying mechanisms.
RESUMEN
Objective: Modifications of titanium have been described as an important tool improving bone repair and boneimplant contact. The aim of this research was to quantified the expression of the morphogenetic bone protein II (BMP II) produced by human cells with osteoblast differentiation, after cultured over dense or porous samples of pure titanium grade II. Material and Methods: The experimental groups were: control group, dense titanium, porosity of 33.79% and porosity of 41,79% (n=36). The samples were produced by powder metallurgy technique. Mesenquimal steam cells isolated from alveolar bone of healthy donors were stimulated to differentiate, assuming an osteoblastic phenotype, by supplemented medium and plated over the samples. After 7 and 14 days, the RNA was collected to perform reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in real time. Data was analysed by t-Student and ANOVA tests. The porosity, the pore morphology and interconnection were evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Results: Total porosity (obtained after apply dimensions and density formulas) and surface porosity (SEM) presented significant differencesamong the groups. For the group of total porosity of 33.79%, the superficial porosity was 32.5% (± 7.74%) and for the group of 41.79%, the superficial porosity was 37.4% (± 7.95%), significantly lower. The expression of BMP II was similar in all groups. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that powder metallurgy has a reduced ability to standardize the porosity in the samples and that the porosity does not interfere in the cellular response of BMP II production, an important inducer of osteoblastic differentiation. (AU)
Objetivo: As modificações do titânio são descritas como importantes ferramentas na melhora do reparo ósseo no contato osso implante. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar a expressão da proteína óssea morfogênica II (BMP II) por células humanas com diferenciação osteoblastica, quando cultivadas sobre amostras de titânio puro grau II, denso ou poroso. Material e Métodos: Os grupos experimentais foram: controle, titânio denso, titânio de maior porosidade e titânio de menor porosidade, sendo que, as amostras foram confeccionadas pela técnica da metalurgia do pó. As células isoladas de doadores saudáveis foram plaqueadas sobre as amostras. Após 7 e 14 dias, o RNA foi extraído das células. A qualidade e integridade do RNA foram analisadas qualitativamente por eletroforese e quantitativamente por espectrofotômetro. O cDNA foi confeccionado e a foi utilizada técnica de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) em tempo real. Os dados foram utilizados para quantificação relativa, e o gene constitutivo foi a BetaActina. A morfologia e a interligação dos poros foram comprovadas por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). Resultados: A porosidade superficial (MEV) teve diferença significativa em relação a porosidade obtida analisando-se volume e massa das amostras. Para o grupo 3,79%, a superficial foi de 32,5% (±7,74%) e para o grupo 41,79% a porosidade superficial foi de 37,4% (±7,95%), significativamente menor. A expressão da BMP II foi semelhante em todos os grupos. Conclusão: Concluiu-se a metalurgia do pó tem reduzida capacidade de padronização da porosidade das amostras por ela confeccionas e que a porosidade não interfere na resposta celular de produção da BMP II, importante indutor de diferenciação osteoblastica.(AU)