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AIM: To clinically evaluate the nature of precancerous and cancerous lesions associated with tobacco consumption habit and to correlate clinical profile with the histopathological findings of clinically suspected precancerous and cancerous lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: These included the examination of patients who visited the outpatient department (OPD) of the institute that includes 1,500 patients who had tobacco chewing habits were classified into the following two groups according to their characteristics. The study group comprised 270 patients, of which 170 gave consent for biopsy and 100 patients who not gave consent were counseled for tobacco cessation. RESULTS: Among 270 patients, the highest number of patients, 146 (54.07%) patients, were found to be smokeless tobacco consumers followed by 65 (24.07%) patients who were smoked tobacco consumers while 59 (21.85%) patients were found to have both the habits. Wide variation was noted in duration and frequency of habit. Most prevalent site was the buccal mucosa affected in 138 (51.11%) patients who consumed both smoked as well as smokeless tobacco. And on clinical examination, 138 (51%) patients had leukoplakia followed by 54 (20%) patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and 40 (15%) patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Other patients were tobacco pouch keratosis 17 (6%), smoker's melanosis 8 (3%), smoker's palate 7 (3%), and erythroplakia 6 (2%). The patients who gave consent (170 patients) were evaluated histopathologically to correlate with clinical findings. CONCLUSION: Tobacco-related oral lesions are also high, which brings an alarming signal toward the development of cancer. Our contribution as healthcare providers can be made by conducting more oral health education programs and educating the general population about the adverse effects of tobacco. The appropriate clinical assessment and categorization of all these lesions aided us in motivating patients to undergo necessary treatments and also to discontinue their habits in order to prevent deterioration of their conditions. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Set up de-addiction centers in dental colleges and help tobacco users in discontinuing their habits. Interestingly, this study also served as a mirror for those patients who were unaware of the lesions they were giving abode to in their oral cavities.

Asunto(s)

Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias de la Boca , Fibrosis de la Submucosa Bucal , Tabaco sin Humo , Humanos , Leucoplasia Bucal/epidemiología , Leucoplasia Bucal/etiología , Neoplasias de la Boca/epidemiología , Neoplasias de la Boca/etiología , Fibrosis de la Submucosa Bucal/epidemiología , Fibrosis de la Submucosa Bucal/etiología , Nicotiana , Uso de Tabaco/efectos adversos , Uso de Tabaco/epidemiología , Tabaco sin Humo/efectos adversos

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AIM: To evaluate the prevalence and severity of periodontal diseases between osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population included 140 subjects (70 osteoporotic and 70 nonosteoporotic) age group of 35-70 years. Skeletal (calcaneal) bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by quantitative ultrasound technique (QUS) for T score values. Periodontal status was examined by plaque index (PI), bleeding index, probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level. Digital panoramic and intraoral periapical radiographs (IOPA) were taken with fixed reference point for evaluation of bone interdental alveolar bone loss (ABL). The recorded data for T score, interdental ABL and periodontal status were subjected to statistical analysis for correlation and regression procedure. RESULTS: The prevalence of the periodontal diseases, in osteoporotic group 120 (54.5%) were with periodontitis and in nonosteoporotic group 100 (50%) were with periodontitis. Correlation of T score with age, PI, gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and ABL in nonosteoporotic group was found statistically not significant. The age was (r = -0.052) indicating positive association with weak correlation, The PI is (r 0.060) indicating positive association, the GI was (r = -0.053) indicating negative association with weak correlation, the PPD was (r = 0.070) indicating positive association with weak correlation, the CAL was (r = 0.133) indicating positive association with weak correlation, ABL was (r 0.027) indicating positive association with weak correlation. CONCLUSION: Calcaneal BMD was related to ABL and, to a less extent, to CAL, implicating osteoporotic subjects are at high risk indicator for periodontal diseases. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Even though the pathogenesis of periodontitis and osteoporosis differs; these diseases have several common risk factors. Both may have a additive impact on patients, which requires concomitant medical and dental management which mandates simultaneous diagnosis of both. How to cite this article: Manjunath SH, Rakhewar P, Nahar P, et al. Evaluation of the Prevalence and Severity of Periodontal Diseases between Osteoporotic and Nonosteoporotic Subjects: A Cross-sectional Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2019;20(10):1223-1228.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades Periodontales , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Índice de Placa Dental , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pérdida de la Inserción Periodontal , Índice Periodontal , Prevalencia

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Background. Recent studies have demonstrated that podoplanin was expressed in some dysplastic lesions adjacent to primary oral cancers suggesting that podoplanin expression may occur in early oral tumorigenesis and lymphangiogenesis and therefore is related to tumor growth. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of podoplanin as a biomarker for cancer risk assessment in oral leukoplakia and correlation of podoplanin expression with grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Materials and Methods. In the present retrospective study, podoplanin expression was investigated immunohistochemically in 40 patients each of oral leukoplakia and OSCC. The scores were analyzed statistically using one-way ANOVA test followed by Tukey HSD. Results. By applying one-way ANOVA test, there was a highly significant increase of the podoplanin expression from mild to severe dysplasia and from well to poorly differentiated OSCC (P < 0.01). Statistically highly significant difference was present between scores of mild to moderate dysplasia, moderate to severe dysplasia, well to poorly differentiated OSCC, and moderately to poorly differentiated OSCC (Tukey HSD test, P < 0.01). Conclusion. Podoplanin can be used as a biomarker for early oral tumorigenesis and for malignant transformation risk assessment of premalignant lesions and as a tumor progression biomarker for advanced grades of OSCC.

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Lymphomas are the group of neoplasms originating from lymphoreticular system mainly from lymph nodes, among them up to 40% of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas present extra nodally. In oral cavity, lymphomas are least common and account for 3-5% of all malignancies, presenting mainly in older age groups with male predominance. According to Revised European-American Lymphoma classification, among B-cell and T-cell subtypes of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common, characterized by diffuse proliferation of large neoplastic B lymphoid cells. Here we present a case report of DLBCL affecting oral cavity involving left buccal vestibule and extending onto the palate, along with its clinical, histopathologic and immunohistochemical features.

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Solitary angiokeratoma of oral mucosa is rare entity. The term Angiokeratoma is used to refer to several lesions, whose common denominator is the presence of dilated blood vessels in association with epidermal hyperplasia. Mucosal involvement, including oral cavity is occasionally found either as a component of the systemic variety, cutaneous involvement or isolated oral involvement. Clinically, the lesion is irregular, whitish to dark brown in color, with female predominance. The etiological factors include injury, trauma, or chronic irritation to the wall of a papillary dermis. Histologically, it is characterized by hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and dilated vascular spaces with or without organizing thrombi in papillary dermis. The vascular spaces are partly or completely enclosed by elongated ret-ridges. Along with this reporting a case of solitary angiokeratoma affecting tongue in a 38-year-old male patient, along with the literature review is presented.

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Invasive cervical resorption is a relatively uncommon form of external root resorption exhibiting no external signs. The resorptive condition is often detected by routine radiographic examination. The clinical features vary from a small defect at the gingival margin to a pink coronal discoloration of the tooth crown resulting in ultimate cavitation of the overlying enamel which is painless unless pulpal or periodontal infection supervenes. Radiographic features of lesions vary from well-delineated to irregularly bordered mottled radiolucencies, and these can be confused with dental caries. A characteristic radiopaque line generally separates the image of the lesion from that of the root canal, because the pulp remains protected by a thin layer of predentin until late in the process. Histopathologically, the lesions contain fibrovascular tissue with resorbing clastic cells adjacent to the dentin surface. More advanced lesions display fibro-osseous characteristics with deposition of ectopic bonelike calcifications both within the resorbing tissue and directly on the dentin surface. How to cite this article: Kandalgaonkar SD, Gharat LA, Tupsakhare SD, Gabhane MH. Invasive Cervical Resorption: A Review. J Int Oral Health 2013;5(6):124-30 .