RESUMEN
Medical records of 17 horses in which a distal sesamoid bone fracture was diagnosed between 1982 and 1992 were reviewed. There were 8 Standardbreds, 6 Quarter Horses, 2 Thoroughbreds, and 1 Arabian. Mean age was 4.7 years. A forelimb was affected in 15 horses, and a hind limb was affected in 2. All horses were lame, and most were grade III/V lame at the trot. In all horses, the diagnosis was confirmed by means of radiography. Five horses were treated with stall rest alone; 5 underwent neurectomy; 4 were treated with stall rest and corrective shoeing; and 1 was treated with stall rest and external coaptation. The other 2 horses were euthanatized. Two Quarter Horses, 1 treated with stall rest and corrective shoeing and the other treated with stall rest and external coaptation, returned to use as halter horses, and 2 Standardbreds treated with stall rest alone returned to racing, but at a lower level than they had raced prior to injury. One horse that underwent neurectomy could be used for pleasure riding. Long-term rest may be important in achieving a successful outcome. Pleasure horses would appear to have a better prognosis for return to use after a distal sesamoid bone fracture than do performance horses.
Asunto(s)
Fracturas Óseas/veterinaria , Caballos/lesiones , Huesos Sesamoideos/lesiones , Animales , Cruzamiento , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Miembro Anterior , Fracturas Óseas/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas Óseas/terapia , Miembro Posterior , Cojera Animal/etiología , Masculino , Pronóstico , Radiografía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Huesos Sesamoideos/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Medical records of 59 racehorses with noncomminuted midsagittal proximal phalanx fractures repaired by means of lag screw fixation between 1973 and 1991 were reviewed. Fractures were classified as short incomplete fractures (7), long incomplete fractures (32), complete fractures extending into the proximal interphalangeal joint (13), and complete fractures extending through the lateral cortex of the proximal phalanx (7). Time from fracture repair to first race following fracture repair, number of racing starts, and fastest race times before and after surgery were obtained from race records and compared among horses grouped by fracture type and between horses that returned to racing and those that did not race. Five horses with short incomplete fractures, 21 horses with long incomplete fractures, 6 horses with complete fractures extending into the proximal interphalangeal joint, and 5 horses with complete fractures extending to the lateral cortex returned to racing. A significantly lower percentage of horses returned to racing following repair of complete fractures extending into the proximal interphalangeal joint (46%), than following repair of short incomplete fractures (71%), long incomplete fractures (66%), or complete fractures extending to the lateral cortex (71%). Time from fracture to repair for horses that returned to racing (mean, 14.7 days; range, 1 to 60 days) was not significantly different from that for horses that did not race (mean, 5.8 days; range, 1 to 21 days). For all fracture groups, median number of races before injury was not significantly different from median number of races after repair, and median fastest race time before fracture was not significantly different from median fastest race time after fracture repair.
Asunto(s)
Tornillos Óseos/veterinaria , Traumatismos de los Pies/veterinaria , Fracturas Óseas/veterinaria , Caballos/lesiones , Animales , Cruzamiento , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Traumatismos de los Pies/cirugía , Fracturas Óseas/cirugía , Caballos/cirugía , Masculino , Condicionamiento Físico Animal , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Deportes , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The medical records of 192 horses with septic arthritis/tenosynovitis 1979-1989 were reviewed. Forty-three horses developed infection after an intra-articular injection, 46 following a penetrating wound, 25 following surgery, 66 were foals less than 6 months old, and 12 were adult horses without a known aetiology. Haematogenous infection of a joint occurs in adult horses and should be considered as a differential diagnosis in horses with an acute onset of severe lameness. The aetiology of the infection had a significant effect on the type of bacteria identified by culture. Staphylococcus was cultured from most of the horses that developed infection following a joint injection or surgery, 69% of the horses from which an organism was identified. Horses that developed infection secondary to a penetrating wound frequently provided cultures of more than one organism; Enterobacteriaceae and anaerobes were more frequently isolated in this group. The most common organisms isolated from foals were Enterobacteriaceae; E. coli was identified in more than 27% of the foals. The hock was the most frequently involved joint. Multiple treatments were used over the 10-year period of study. Survival rates were lowest in foals; only 45% survived to be released from the hospital. Survival was greater in adult horses; 85% of the horses that were treated were released from the hospital. Survival was significantly greater in horses with septic tenosynovitis; all 14 of the horses that were treated survived. Survival was not significantly affected by the joint involved or by the type of bacteria cultured from the synovial fluid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Asunto(s)
Artritis Infecciosa/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos , Tenosinovitis/veterinaria , Animales , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Artritis Infecciosa/diagnóstico , Artritis Infecciosa/microbiología , Artritis Infecciosa/terapia , Carpo Animal , Desbridamiento , Drenaje/veterinaria , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiología , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/terapia , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/veterinaria , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Miembro Posterior , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Caballos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/terapia , Caballos , Recuento de Leucocitos/veterinaria , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tenosinovitis/diagnóstico , Tenosinovitis/microbiología , Tenosinovitis/terapia , Irrigación Terapéutica/veterinaria , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Open drainage was used to treat 26 horses with persistent or severe septic arthritis/tenosynovitis. Infected synovial structures were drained through a small (3 cm) arthrotomy incision that was left open and protected by a sterile bandage. Joint lavage was performed in all 26 horses. In addition to systemic antibiotics, 23 of these horses were also treated with intra-articular antibiotics; amikacin (17 horses), gentamycin (2 horses), cefazolin (2 horses), and 2 horses were injected at different times with gentamycin and amikacin. The infection was eliminated from the involved synovial structures in 25 of 26 horses; 24 survived and were released from the hospital. The arthrotomy incisions healed by granulation in 16 horses; in 9 horses the arthrotomy incision was sutured closed once the infection was eliminated. Seventeen horses returned to soundness and resumed athletic function. Open drainage was an effective method of achieving chronic drainage from a joint or tendon sheath. It is indicated in horses that have established intra-synovial infections or in horses that do not respond to joint lavage through needles.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Artritis Infecciosa/veterinaria , Drenaje/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/cirugía , Tenosinovitis/veterinaria , Amicacina/administración & dosificación , Amicacina/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Artritis Infecciosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Artritis Infecciosa/cirugía , Vendajes/veterinaria , Cefazolina/administración & dosificación , Cefazolina/uso terapéutico , Desbridamiento/veterinaria , Estudios de Seguimiento , Gentamicinas/administración & dosificación , Gentamicinas/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de los Caballos/tratamiento farmacológico , Caballos , Inyecciones Intraarticulares/veterinaria , Inyecciones Intravenosas/veterinaria , Penicilinas/administración & dosificación , Penicilinas/uso terapéutico , Cuidados Posoperatorios/veterinaria , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tenosinovitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Tenosinovitis/cirugía , Irrigación Terapéutica/veterinaria , Resultado del Tratamiento , Cicatrización de HeridasRESUMEN
Case records of 25 horses with transverse fractures of the proximal sesamoid bone were reviewed to evaluate the success of treatment. All fractures were repaired by use of lag screw fixation and an autogenous cancellous bone graft because the fracture fragments were considered too large for surgical removal and reconstruction of the suspensory apparatus was necessary. Radiography was performed in all cases, and the fractures were classified into 3 types: (1) proximal midbody fractures, which included all fractures in the proximal aspect of the sesamoid bone that resulted in fragments involving greater than one third but less than one half of the total mass of the sesamoid bone; (2) midbody fractures that divided the bone into 2 equal portions; and (3) distal midbody fractures, which included transverse fractures in the distal aspect of the sesamoid bone that resulted in fragments involving greater than one third but less than one half of the total mass of the sesamoid bone. Of these cases, race records were obtained for 9 Standardbreds and 5 Thoroughbreds. Postoperative performance criteria evaluated were the ability to train and start 1 race, ability to maintain preinjury class of racing, earnings per start, and the number of starts following surgery. In Thoroughbreds, fractures occurred most commonly in the right forelimb; in Standardbreds, the left hind limb was most commonly involved. The midbody fracture was the most common type in both breeds, and the distribution of fracture location within the sesamoid bone was similar for both breeds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Asunto(s)
Tornillos Óseos/veterinaria , Trasplante Óseo , Fracturas Óseas/veterinaria , Caballos/lesiones , Huesos Sesamoideos/lesiones , Animales , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Fijación de Fractura/veterinaria , Fracturas Óseas/cirugía , Caballos/cirugía , Masculino , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/veterinaria , Estudios Retrospectivos , Huesos Sesamoideos/cirugía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
A heat-vulcanized silicone implant was used for cosmetic repair of a facial deformity in a horse. The deformity had resulted from fracture of the frontal bone into the frontal sinus 6 months earlier. Normal facial contour was restored by suturing the sculpted implant to the periosteum over the defect. Results 1 year after surgery were excellent.
Asunto(s)
Cara/anomalías , Hueso Frontal/lesiones , Caballos/anomalías , Prótesis e Implantes/veterinaria , Fracturas Craneales/veterinaria , Animales , Cara/cirugía , Femenino , Caballos/lesiones , Caballos/cirugía , Siliconas , Fracturas Craneales/complicacionesRESUMEN
The potential role of dietary copper in the development of cartilage defects in foals was investigated. Twenty-one mares were fed rations containing 13 ppm copper (CuC, control) or 32 ppm copper (CuS, supplemented) during the last three to six months of gestation and first three months of lactation. Their foals were fed pelleted concentrate containing 15 or 55 ppm Cu and were destroyed at 90 (5 CuC and 5 CuS foals) or 180 (6 CuC and 5 CuS foals) days. Focal cartilage lesions were found at multiple sites on necropsy. In foals killed at 90 days, there were over twice (9 versus 4) as many lesions of osteochondrosis and more than four times (9 versus 2) as many articular lesions of osteophyte formation or thinning in CuC foals compared with CuS foals. These differences were due predominantly to a higher number of lesions in one CuC foal. Two 90-day CuC foals had osteochondrosis of articular-epiphyseal (A-E) complex, one with thickenings and separation from subchondral bone and one with subchondral fibrosis. One 90-day CuS foal had a cartilage thickening of the A-E complex in the tibiotarsal joint with separation from subchondral bone. In foals killed at 180 days, there were seven times more articular lesions (21 versus 3) of osteophyte formation or thinning, nearly twice as many lesions of osteochondrosis (13 versus 8) [corrected] in the physis and over five times as many involving the A-E complex (11 versus 2) in six CuC foals compared with five CuS foals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Asunto(s)
Cartílago Articular/patología , Cartílago/patología , Cobre/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de los Caballos/prevención & control , Osteocondritis/veterinaria , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Animales Lactantes , Cobre/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Alimentos Fortificados , Caballos , Masculino , Osteocondritis/prevención & control , EmbarazoRESUMEN
At birth, 24 Standardbred foals were assigned at random to 1 of 2 groups and were given a placebo supplement (group 1) or an iron supplement (248 mg of iron/treatment; group 2). Foals were given iron supplement or placebo 4 times during the second and third weeks after birth. Hematologic variables and general health were monitored until foals were 4 months old. Mean PCV in foals of both groups decreased during the first 2 weeks after birth, but values remained within adult horse reference ranges. During the first 6 weeks after birth, foal erythrocytes were smaller than adult horse erythrocytes, but foal erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was greater than that in adult horses. At every measurement, indices of anisocytosis were lower in foals, compared with adult horse reference values, suggesting that foals have a homogeneous population of microcytic erythrocytes during early foalhood. In 2-week-old foals of both groups and in 4-week-old placebo-treated foals, mean serum iron concentration was lower than that in adult horses. In foals at birth and during the first 4 months, total iron-binding capacity values were above the adult reference range. In newborn foals, transferrin saturation percentage values decreased to below the reference range in foals from 2 weeks to 4 months after birth. When foals were born, serum ferritin concentration values were above the adult horse reference range, but decreased to within the reference range by the time foals were 1 day old. From 2 through 6 weeks after birth, foal ferritin concentration values were below the adult reference range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Asunto(s)
Ferritinas/sangre , Caballos/sangre , Hierro/sangre , Transferrina/análisis , Administración Oral , Factores de Edad , Animales , Eritrocitos/enzimología , Femenino , Glucosafosfato Deshidrogenasa/análisis , Hierro/administración & dosificación , Embarazo , Distribución Aleatoria , Valores de ReferenciaRESUMEN
Studies on a Thoroughbred breeding farm in Ohio from 1982 to 1988 demonstrated the value of three anthelmintic pastes (ivermectin, oxibendazole, pyrantel pamoate) in controlling benzimidazole resistant cyathostomes (small strongyles) in adult horses. However, a comparison of drug efficacy in suppressing faecal egg counts for the full period between treatments showed a significant reduction in efficacy of all drugs in yearling horses compared with adults. Mean faecal egg counts of adult horses were generally kept below 100 eggs per gram (epg) of faeces when using oxibendazole or pyrantel pamoate at four to five week intervals and ivermectin at eight week intervals. By contrast, mean counts of young horses rose as high as 655 epg (oxibendazole), 729 epg (pyrantel pamoate) and 852 epg (ivermectin) within the same time period after treatment. Individual counts of treated yearlings sometimes exceeded 3,000 epg. Three distinct mechanisms appeared to be involved in the poor results in young horses. These were 1) anthelmintic refuge, 2) anthelmintic resistance, and 3) anthelmintic avoidance.
Asunto(s)
Antihelmínticos/uso terapéutico , Parasitosis Intestinales/veterinaria , Infecciones Equinas por Strongyloidea/tratamiento farmacológico , Factores de Edad , Animales , Bencimidazoles/uso terapéutico , Heces/parasitología , Femenino , Caballos , Parasitosis Intestinales/tratamiento farmacológico , Ivermectina/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Recuento de Huevos de Parásitos/veterinaria , Pamoato de Pirantel/uso terapéutico , Distribución AleatoriaRESUMEN
Infectious arthritis was induced experimentally in one tarsocrural joint of six horses by intra-articular injection of 1 ml Staphylococcus aureus-saline suspension with the addition of 200 mg methylprednisolone acetate. The corresponding contralateral joint was injected with 1 ml of saline with the addition of 200 mg methylprednisolone acetate, and served as a control. The purpose of the experiment was to examine the effect of corticosteroids on the acute clinical signs of infectious arthritis, and the associated changes in synovial fluid, to separate the effects of a steroid injection from those of infection alone. This should aid early diagnosis of infection. The progression of the infectious arthritis was assessed over nine days by clinical examination and sequential synovial fluid analysis. The corticosteroids masked the clinical signs in some horses for up to the third day although changes in the synovial fluid were present earlier. Cellular changes preceded biochemical changes initially. Leucocyte counts showed a significant increase in cell numbers after infection was established. Persistent neutrophilia, over 90 per cent, together with a pH under 6.9 were the most consistent findings in the infected synovia. Total protein values were lower in infected joints with, than those without, corticosteroids; although there was a progressive rise in total protein concentration throughout the experiment in both groups. Serum and synovial glucose difference and synovial lactate had very little diagnostic value because significant increases due to the corticosteroids were documented in the control joints.
Asunto(s)
Artritis Infecciosa/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico , Metilprednisolona/uso terapéutico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/veterinaria , Líquido Sinovial/análisis , Enfermedad Aguda , Animales , Artritis Infecciosa/diagnóstico , Artritis Infecciosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Glucemia/análisis , Glucosa/análisis , Enfermedades de los Caballos/tratamiento farmacológico , Caballos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Lactatos/análisis , Cojera Animal/etiología , Recuento de Leucocitos , Neutrófilos , Proteínas/análisis , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Líquido Sinovial/citología , Líquido Sinovial/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Infectious arthritis was induced experimentally in one tarsocrural joint of six horses by intra-articular injection of 1 ml Staphylococcus-saline suspension containing 9 x 10(4) to 3 x 10(6) organisms. The corresponding contralateral joint was injected with 1 ml of saline and served as a control. The progression of the induced infectious arthritis was assessed over a nine-day period by clinical examination and sequential synovial fluid analysis with pH and lactate measurements. Changes in synovial fluid were present before clinical signs of infectious arthritis were manifested. The diagnostic value of different synovial fluid parameters at various stages of infection was determined. Cellular changes initially preceded the biochemical changes. Total leucocyte counts showed a significant increase within 24 h (up to 100 x 10(9)/litre) with great variability in subsequent measurements. Neutrophilia over 90 per cent and pH under 6.9 were the most consistent findings in the infected synovia. Increased total protein was also significant and was progressive throughout the experiment. Serum and synovial glucose difference and synovial lactate had more diagnostic value in the acute stages than in the chronic stages. The control joints elicited an inflammatory response manifested by increased leucocyte count, moderate neutrophilia, slightly increased total protein concentration, and slightly decreased pH, but all reactions were minor in comparison to those in the infected joints.
Asunto(s)
Artritis Infecciosa/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/diagnóstico , Lactatos/análisis , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/veterinaria , Líquido Sinovial/análisis , Enfermedad Aguda , Animales , Artritis Infecciosa/complicaciones , Artritis Infecciosa/diagnóstico , Glucemia/análisis , Glucosa/análisis , Enfermedades de los Caballos/etiología , Caballos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Cojera Animal/etiología , Recuento de Leucocitos/veterinaria , Neutrófilos , Proteínas/análisis , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/complicaciones , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/diagnóstico , Líquido Sinovial/citología , Líquido Sinovial/microbiologíaRESUMEN
The effect of electrical stimulation by means of selected electromagnetic field devices on healing of cannon bone osteotomies in horses was examined. The defects were created as 3 cm x 1 mm longitudinal osteotomies through the dorsal cortices of the mid-metacarpi/metatarsi of adult horses. This type of defect would asses bone healing in a situation similar to an acute, stable fracture of the cortex. Three electromagnetic devices of different design were tested in three different groups of horses. Healing was evaluated radiographically and histologically. Results showed that osteotomies treated with the electromagnetic devices healed similarly to untreated controls. Our conclusion is that the electromagnetic devices studied did not have a local effect on the repair process of an acute, stable, osseous defect.
Asunto(s)
Huesos/fisiología , Fenómenos Electromagnéticos/uso terapéutico , Caballos/fisiología , Magnetoterapia , Osteotomía/veterinaria , Cicatrización de Heridas , Animales , Estimulación Eléctrica , Caballos/cirugía , Metacarpo/fisiología , Metacarpo/cirugía , Huesos Metatarsianos/fisiología , Huesos Metatarsianos/cirugíaRESUMEN
Arthrotomies of middle carpal joints were done on 13 horses, and a 1-cm partial thickness, round defect was made on the radial facet of both third carpal bones. In one joint, 1-mm diameter 1-cm deep holes were drilled within the defect, and one joint was used as a control. horses were assigned to 2 groups--group 1 (n = 6 horses), 5 drill holes; group 2 (n = 7 horses), 11 drill holes. At 1 and 3 weeks after surgery, differences between joints in synovial fluid total protein values, WBC counts, or results of mucin precipitate tests were not significant (P = 0.005). Physically and radiographically, horses were the same during the 12 initial weeks they were housed in stalls and the 9 weeks they were kept in paddocks. Twenty-one weeks after surgery, horses were euthanatized. Joints with drill holes had a significantly greater area (P less than 0.05) of healthy fibrocartilage new tissue: group 1-33 to 68% new tissue, compared with 0 to 23% new tissue in controls; and group 2-22 to 64% new tissue, compared with 0 to 37% new tissue in controls. Differences between healing of defects with drill holes in groups 1 and 2 were not significant. Thickness of new tissue over drill holes was 33 to 61% of thickness of cartilage adjacent to the defect, and thickness of tissue between drill holes was 11 to 43% (group 1) and 8 to 79% (group 2) of the thickness of cartilage adjacent to the defect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Asunto(s)
Carpo Animal/cirugía , Cartílago Articular/cirugía , Miembro Anterior/cirugía , Caballos/cirugía , Animales , Carpo Animal/lesiones , Cartílago Articular/lesiones , Femenino , Caballos/lesiones , MasculinoRESUMEN
Clinical experience continues to expand our understanding of the pathophysiology of pain and injury within the carpal joints. The anatomical and physiological capacity of the equine carpus to neutralise loading stress plays a significant role in the prevention of carpal injury. The ability of joint surfaces to dissipate axial force by transfer to the interosseous ligaments is the principal means by which carpal injury is avoided. In the medial aspect of the intercarpal joint and the dorsal aspect of the radial carpal joint, however, the effects of chronic maximal stress and isolated acute supraphysiological loads cannot be neutralised. Progressive osseous remodelling and stress induced changes within the bone, which outstrip its ability to accommodate increasing loads, lead to the loss of structural integrity and fracture in horses in training.
Asunto(s)
Carpo Animal , Enfermedades de los Caballos , Cojera Animal , Animales , Carpo Animal/anatomía & histología , Carpo Animal/fisiología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/fisiopatología , Enfermedades de los Caballos/terapia , Caballos , Cojera Animal/fisiopatología , Cojera Animal/terapia , PronósticoRESUMEN
The medical records and radiographs of all horses with a third carpal bone fracture admitted to The Ohio State University Veterinary Hospital from 1979 to 1987 were reviewed. Three hundred and seventy-one fractures were found in 313 horses; 57 percent were Standardbreds, 41 per cent were Thoroughbreds, and only 1.6 per cent were Quarterhorses. All were young racehorses (average age = 3.1 years). Third carpal fractures occurred more frequently in the right limb (60 percent) than the left limb (40 percent); Thoroughbreds had a greater right-left disparity (67.5 percent R, 27.1 per cent L). Fractures were classified according to their size and anatomical location within the third carpal bone: incomplete fractures of the radial facet (type 1, N = 39), large proximal chip fractures of the radial facet (type 2, N = 140), small proximal chip fractures of the radial facet (type 3, N = 18), medial corner fractures (type 4, N = 13), frontal plane slab fractures of the radial facet (type 5, N = 93), large frontal plane slab fractures involving both the radial and intermediate facets (type 6, N = 35), fractures of the intermediate facet (type 7 N = 13), and sagittal slab fractures (type 8, N = 20). The incidence of each fracture type was significantly different between Standardbreds and Thoroughbreds. Type 1 and 2 fracture were more common in Standardbreds; type 5 and 6 fractures were more common in Thoroughbreds. Differences between these two breeds are related to the different gaits at which they race. The classification more accurately describes the extent of injury and the variation in fractures observed in this study than the traditional division as chips or slabs. A high quality skyline projection is important in correctly identifying these fractures; over 10 percent of the fractures were detected only on this view.
Asunto(s)
Huesos del Carpo/lesiones , Fracturas Óseas/veterinaria , Caballos/lesiones , Animales , Cruzamiento , Huesos del Carpo/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Fracturas Óseas/clasificación , Fracturas Óseas/epidemiología , Incidencia , Masculino , Radiografía , Estudios Retrospectivos , DeportesRESUMEN
An avulsed carpal medial collateral ligament was diagnosed by clinical and radiographic examination in a 1-day-old foal that was unable to bear weight on the affected limb. The foal had a valgus deviation originating at the carpus and medial to lateral instability of the affected carpus. The ligament was reconstructed with screws and suture tape. Surgical reconstruction is a viable alternative to long-term casting or splinting for treatment of a ruptured carpal medial collateral ligament in a foal.
Asunto(s)
Carpo Animal/cirugía , Miembro Anterior/cirugía , Caballos/cirugía , Ligamentos Articulares/cirugía , Animales , Tornillos Óseos/veterinaria , Carpo Animal/lesiones , Femenino , RoturaRESUMEN
Forty-eight limbs of 12 freshly euthanized horses were used to generate data on the strength of the equine suspensory apparatus. The point of failure of the suspensory apparatus of each limb was determined. Immediately before euthanasia, 6 of the 12 horses (thoroughbreds and standardbreds) had been engaged in active training or racing, and six horses in stall and/or pasture activity. In the actively training or racing horses, the point of acute failure of the suspensory apparatus was within the proximal sesamoid bones in 20 (83%) limbs (resulting in 17 apical fractures, 2 basilar fractures, and 1 midbody fracture). In the pasture exercised or stalled horses, the point of failure of the suspensory apparatus was either acutely within the suspensory ligament (10 horses, 42%) or, if no acute failure occurred, insidiously within the suspensory ligament (12 horses, 50%). Active training appeared to have a strengthening effect on the suspensory ligament, causing the weakest point in the suspensory apparatus to become the sesamoid bones rather than the suspensory ligament. An average force of 1338 kg (between 1082 and 1673 kg) was needed to fail the suspensory apparatus in this group of horses. In nontraining horses, the site of failure was most often the suspensory ligament. An average force of 1100 kg (between 918 and 1241 kg) used to fail the suspensory apparatus in this group of horses was significantly (p less than 0.5) less than in the first group.
Asunto(s)
Extremidades/fisiología , Caballos/fisiología , Ligamentos/fisiología , Condicionamiento Físico Animal , Huesos Sesamoideos/fisiología , Animales , Extremidades/lesiones , Femenino , Fracturas Óseas/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos , Caballos/lesiones , Ligamentos/lesiones , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Rotura , Huesos Sesamoideos/lesionesRESUMEN
To determine the effect of subchondral bone drilling (forage) on the cartilage repair process after injury has occurred, a cartilage defect (1 cm in diameter) was created on the radial facet of the proximal surface of each third carpal bone in 6 adult horses. In one of the third carpal bones (right or left thoracic limb) of each horse, a 1-cm cartilage defect was created, and 5 holes (1 mm in diameter and 10 mm deep) were drilled through the subchondral bone into the cancellous bone. In the other thoracic limb, an identical defect was created, but not drilled. Analyses of cell numbers and types in the synovia and the mucin precipitate quality were done before, at 1 week after, and 3 weeks after surgical manipulation was done and showed no significant difference between the joint environment of drilled carpi and those of nondrilled carpi. At 21 weeks after surgical manipulation was done, each joint was examined radiographically, macroscopically, and microscopically to compare the condition of the joints and the state of repair of the cartilage in each defect. The amount of surface of the defect covered by the dense fibrous and fibrocartilagenous repair tissue and the thickness of the repair tissue were significantly greater (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01, respectively) in the drilled carpal bones. In addition, the attachment of the repair tissue to underlying chondro-osseous tissue was better in the drilled carpal bones. Fibrocartilage was resurfacing the drilled defects, whereas only fibrous tissue was present in the nondrilled defects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)