RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There is a lack of information regarding the provision of parental leave for surgical careers. This survey study aims to evaluate the experience of maternity/paternity leave and views on work-life balance globally. METHODS: A 55-item online survey in 24 languages was distributed via social media as per CHERRIES guideline from February to March 2020. It explored parental leave entitlements, attitude towards leave taking, financial impact, time spent with children and compatibility of parenthood with surgical career. RESULTS: Of the 1393 (male : female, 514 : 829) respondents from 65 countries, there were 479 medical students, 349 surgical trainees and 513 consultants. Consultants had less than the recommended duration of maternity leave (43.8 versus 29.1 per cent), no paid maternity (8.3 versus 3.2 per cent) or paternity leave (19.3 versus 11.0 per cent) compared with trainees. Females were less likely to have children than males (36.8 versus 45.6 per cent, P = 0.010) and were more often told surgery is incompatible with parenthood (80.2 versus 59.5 per cent, P < 0.001). Males spent less than 20 per cent of their salary on childcare and fewer than 30 hours/week with their children. More than half (59.2 per cent) of medical students did not believe a surgical career allowed work-life balance. CONCLUSION: Surgeons across the globe had inadequate parental leave. Significant gender disparity was seen in multiple aspects.
Asunto(s)
Selección de Profesión , Internado y Residencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Permiso Parental/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudiantes de Medicina/estadística & datos numéricos , Cirujanos/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Factores Sexuales , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1) metabolize and detoxify carcinogens, drugs, environmental pollutants, and reactive oxygen species. Changes of GST expression in tissues and gene mutations have been reported in association with many neoplastic skin diseases and dermatoses. Widely used artificial food coloring additives (AFCAs) also reported to effect primarily behavioral and cognitive function and cause neoplastic diseases and several inflammatory skin diseases. We aimed to identify the changes in expression of GSTs, CYP1A1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in rat skin which were maternally exposed AFCAs. A rat model was designed to evaluate the effects of maternal exposure of AFCAs on skin in rats. "No observable adverse effect levels" of commonly used AFCAs as a mixture were given to female rats before and during gestation. Immunohistochemical expression of GSTs, CYP1A1, and VEGF was evaluated in their offspring. CYP1A1, glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP), glutathione S-transferase alpha (GSTA), glutathione S-transferase mu (GSTM), glutathione S-transferase theta (GSTT), and VEGF were expressed by epidermal keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, sebaceous glands, hair follicle, and subcutaneous striated muscle in the normal skin. CYP1A1, GSTA, and GSTT were expressed at all microanatomical sites of skin in varying degrees. The expressions of CYP1A1, GSTA, GSTT, and VEGF were decreased significantly, while GSTM expression on sebaceous gland and hair follicle was increased. Maternal exposure of AFCAs apparently effects expression of the CYP1A1, GSTs, and VEGF in the skin. This prominent change of expressions might play role in neoplastic and nonneoplastic skin diseases.
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Colorantes de Alimentos/toxicidad , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/metabolismo , Endotelio Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Endotelio Vascular/metabolismo , Femenino , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Glutatión Transferasa/metabolismo , Queratinocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Queratinocitos/metabolismo , Masculino , Intercambio Materno-Fetal , Músculo Liso Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , Músculo Estriado/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Estriado/metabolismo , Embarazo , Ratas Wistar , Piel/metabolismo , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismoRESUMEN
Ionizing radiation causes its biological effects mainly through oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species. Previous studies showed that ozone oxidative preconditioning attenuated pathophysiological events mediated by reactive oxygen species. As inhalation of ozone induces lung injury, the aim of this study was to examine whether ozone oxidative preconditioning potentiates or attenuates the effects of irradiation on the lung. Rats were subjected to total body irradiation, with or without treatment with ozone oxidative preconditioning (0.72 mg/kg). Serum proinflammatory cytokine levels, oxidative damage markers, and histopathological analysis were compared at 6 and 72 h after total body irradiation. Irradiation significantly increased lung malondialdehyde levels as an end-product of lipoperoxidation. Irradiation also significantly decreased lung superoxide dismutase activity, which is an indicator of the generation of oxidative stress and an early protective response to oxidative damage. Ozone oxidative preconditioning plus irradiation significantly decreased malondialdehyde levels and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, which might indicate protection of the lung from radiation-induced lung injury. Serum tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 beta levels, which increased significantly following total body irradiation, were decreased with ozone oxidative preconditioning. Moreover, ozone oxidative preconditioning was able to ameliorate radiation-induced lung injury assessed by histopathological evaluation. In conclusion, ozone oxidative preconditioning, repeated low-dose intraperitoneal administration of ozone, did not exacerbate radiation-induced lung injury, and, on the contrary, it provided protection against radiation-induced lung damage.
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Animales , Femenino , Lesión Pulmonar/prevención & control , Pulmón/efectos de la radiación , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Ozono/uso terapéutico , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/prevención & control , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Interleucina-1beta/sangre , Malondialdehído/sangre , Ratas Wistar , Protectores contra Radiación/uso terapéutico , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangreRESUMEN
Ionizing radiation causes its biological effects mainly through oxidative damage induced by reactive oxygen species. Previous studies showed that ozone oxidative preconditioning attenuated pathophysiological events mediated by reactive oxygen species. As inhalation of ozone induces lung injury, the aim of this study was to examine whether ozone oxidative preconditioning potentiates or attenuates the effects of irradiation on the lung. Rats were subjected to total body irradiation, with or without treatment with ozone oxidative preconditioning (0.72 mg/kg). Serum proinflammatory cytokine levels, oxidative damage markers, and histopathological analysis were compared at 6 and 72 h after total body irradiation. Irradiation significantly increased lung malondialdehyde levels as an end-product of lipoperoxidation. Irradiation also significantly decreased lung superoxide dismutase activity, which is an indicator of the generation of oxidative stress and an early protective response to oxidative damage. Ozone oxidative preconditioning plus irradiation significantly decreased malondialdehyde levels and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, which might indicate protection of the lung from radiation-induced lung injury. Serum tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1 beta levels, which increased significantly following total body irradiation, were decreased with ozone oxidative preconditioning. Moreover, ozone oxidative preconditioning was able to ameliorate radiation-induced lung injury assessed by histopathological evaluation. In conclusion, ozone oxidative preconditioning, repeated low-dose intraperitoneal administration of ozone, did not exacerbate radiation-induced lung injury, and, on the contrary, it provided protection against radiation-induced lung damage.
Asunto(s)
Lesión Pulmonar/prevención & control , Pulmón/efectos de la radiación , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Ozono/uso terapéutico , Traumatismos Experimentales por Radiación/prevención & control , Animales , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Interleucina-1beta/sangre , Malondialdehído/sangre , Protectores contra Radiación/uso terapéutico , Ratas Wistar , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangreRESUMEN
AIM: The relationships between clinical events and acetylsalicylic acid resistance (AR), as well as its frequency, have been established in stable patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Although acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients taking acetylsalicylic acid have been accepted as a high-risk population, the role of AR has not been investigated in these patient groups. Thus, in the present study, the impact of AR was investigated in patients with ACS who were taking acetylsalicylic acid. METHODS: Between January 2001 and February 2003, 140 ACS patients were included in the present prospective study. All patients had ACS while taking acetylsalicylic acid. Coronary angiographic scores for severity and extent of CAD were determined for all patients. The effect of acetylsalicylic acid on platelet function was assessed by the platelet function analyzer PFA-100 (Dade Behring, USA). The primary end point was the composite of death, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident and revascularization. The mean follow-up period was 20 months. RESULTS: Patients with AR were older than patients without AR (63.8+/-10.8 years versus 58.3+/-11.2 years; P=0.005). Moreover, myocardial damage was higher in patients with AR according to cardiac troponin T values (1.11+/-1.3 mug/L versus 0.41+/-0.5 mug/L; P=0.01). The composite end point of death, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident or revascularization was present in 16 of 45 patients (35%) with AR and in 13 of 79 patients (16%) without AR (hazard ratio 2.46, 95% CI 1.18 to 5.13; P=0.016). After adjustment for age, platelet count, cardiac troponin T value and CAD severity score, AR remained an independent predictor for long-term adverse events (hazard ratio 3.03, 95% CI 1.06 to 8.62; P=0.038). CONCLUSIONS: The clinical event rate was found to be higher in ACS patients with AR than in those without AR. Thus, it may be concluded that there is a strong correlation between a worse prognosis and AR in these patients.
Asunto(s)
Aspirina/farmacología , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Resistencia a Medicamentos/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/farmacología , Anciano , Análisis de Varianza , Aspirina/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores/sangre , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados como Asunto , Angiografía Coronaria , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/sangre , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Determinación de Punto Final , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio/sangre , Infarto del Miocardio/diagnóstico , Infarto del Miocardio/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores de Agregación Plaquetaria/uso terapéutico , Recuento de Plaquetas , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Proyectos de Investigación , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Síndrome , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Troponina T/sangre , Troponina T/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
AIM: Today, in inguinal hernia repair, postoperative pain and costs are regarded as equally important issues as technique and recurrence rates. Postoperative pain is thought to vary according to the applied anesthesia method. As local anesthesia is reported to inflict less pain, its effects on early period post-operative complications should also be evaluated. METHODS: Two hundred patients, on whom Lichtenstein tension free hernia repair had been performed due to unilateral inguinal hernia between March 2004 and July 2005, were prospectively examined. The patients were randomized according to the anesthesia applied. They were divided into two groups: local anesthesia (LA) and spinal anesthesia (SA). The early post-operative complications, post-operative pain scores, and operation durations of the patients, were evaluated. RESULTS: Local anesthesia was found not to increase the post-operative complications; on the contrary, it was shown to prevent the complications of spinal anesthesia. Although visual analogue pain score (VAS) values at 4, 8, 12, and 24 h post-operation were found to be lower than the SA group, the difference between was not significant. Also, it was discovered that LA did not retard the operation duration. CONCLUSION: Local anesthesia reduces post-operative pain and facilitates patients' mobilization and discharge along with decreasing the early post-operative complications. Thus, LA is a safe and advantageous method to be applied in inguinal hernia repair.
Asunto(s)
Anestesia Local , Anestesia Raquidea , Hernia Inguinal/cirugía , Dolor Postoperatorio/etiología , Dolor Postoperatorio/prevención & control , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dimensión del Dolor , Estudios Prospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The cytotoxic effect of chlorpyrifos (CP) on human HepG2 cell lines and the protective role of melatonin were investigated. TD50 of CP for HepGZ cells was also determined. The viability of HepGZ cells decreased with CP treatment in a dose-dependent manner (P <0.05). Preincubation with melatonin prior to CP application caused an increase in cell viability (P <0.05). TD50 of CP for HepG2 was determined as 84.5 microg/mL. A 1-hour melatonin treatment caused a decrease in TD50 from 84.5 to 34.1 microg/mL. The level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) were determined in cell lines with or without melatonin administration to find out the possible mechanism of melatonin. CP caused a significant decrease in SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activities and an increase in TBARS level (P <0.05). Pre-incubation of cells with melatonin prevented an increase in TBARS. Melatonin also reduced the CP-caused inhibition of the activities of GSH-Px and CAT (P <0.05). It was suggested that CP shows a cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cell lines and melatonin can suppress cytotoxicity caused by CP with its antioxidant properties. Melatonin also reduces TD50 of CP for HepG2 cell lines.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Cloropirifos/toxicidad , Insecticidas/toxicidad , Melatonina/farmacología , Catalasa/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Humanos , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismoRESUMEN
Aspirin is widely used for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, but is not effective for all patients. This phenomenon is called as aspirin resistance. Although the prognosis is worse in patients who develop acute coronary syndrome (ACS) while using aspirin, the frequency of aspirin resistance in these patients has not been evaluated. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of aspirin resistance in patients with ACS and to determine its relationship with the angiographic severity and extent of the associated coronary artery disease. The present study included 104 patients with ACS (75 men, 60.4 +/- 10.8 years) who were hospitalized while using aspirin for at least last 7 days and 100 patients with stable coronary artery disease (73 men, 57.6 +/- 10.6 years), documented by coronary angiography, history of revascularization or myocardial infarction (MI), and the use of aspirin for last 7 days. The latter group had no MI or ACS for last 3 months. Platelet function was assessed with PFA-100, which simulates primary homeostasis at injured blood vessels. Coronary angiography was performed in 83 cases of the patients with ACS during hospital stay. Aspirin resistance is more prevalent in patients with ACS (40.3%) when compared with stable coronary artery disease patients (27%). The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.04). The ACS patients with aspirin resistance were older and had severe myocardial damage. However, there were no significant differences in angiographic severity and extent of coronary artery disease between aspirin-resistant and aspirin-sensitive patients. Frequency of aspirin resistance is higher in patients who develop ACS while using aspirin than that in patients with stable coronary artery disease.
Asunto(s)
Aspirina/farmacología , Plaquetas/fisiología , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anciano , Angiografía , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/tratamiento farmacológico , Sistema Cardiovascular , Angiografía Coronaria , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/patología , Resistencia a Medicamentos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Some cases of idiopathic pruritus anu may be refractory to treatment with dietary and hygienic instructions and short-term topical medications. In this study, we documented our technique and results with methylene blue injection in a large series of patients with intractable idiopathic pruritus ani. The results of 30 adult patients with well-documented intractable idiopathic pruritus ani who were treated with intradermal methylene blue injection are reported. No antibiotic prophylaxis, anesthesia or sedation was used. A total of 15 ml of a 1% methylene blue solution was injected intracutaneously and subcutaneously in the affected perianal area. A second injection (rescue treatment) was offered one month later to patients who declared partial response, and follow-up was restarted. One month after injection, 24 patients (80%) were symptom-free, 5 declared partial remissions, and one patient still had the same degree of pruritus ani. Five patients with partial remission underwent a second methylene blue injection, which provided complete relief in four. Therefore, the early response rate was 80% with single injection and 93.3% (28 of 30) with the rescue treatment. At six months, three recurrences were noted, indicating to a success rate of 83.3% (25 of 30). At 12 months after treatment, 23 patients (76.7%) were symptom free. This study has shown that intradermal methylene blue injection is a safe, simple, fast and efficient method of treating intractable idiopathic pruritus ani.
Asunto(s)
Fármacos Dermatológicos/administración & dosificación , Azul de Metileno/administración & dosificación , Prurito Anal/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Inyecciones Intradérmicas , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Factor V Leiden is the most common known hereditary abnormality of the clotting system which leads to a reduced anticoagulant effect of activated protein C (APC resistance). FactorV Leiden has been shown to be the most frequent inherited thrombophilic disorder in patients with idiopathic venous thromboembolism. The relationship between this genetic abnormality and myocardial infarction is still unresolved. The aim of this study was to investigate whether factor V Leiden is a risk factor for myocardial infarction in young Turkish men or not. METHODS AND RESULTS: We compared 42 patients who had a diagnosis of acute MI and were younger than 40 years (35.6+/-4.8 years) with 66 healthy, age and sex-matched control subjects. Blood samples from the patients and the controls were analysed for the factor V Leiden mutation by DNA analysis, using polimerase chain reaction. Factor V Leiden mutation was found in 10 of 42 (23.8%) patients with myocardial infarction and 6 of 66 (9%) control subjects (p < 0.001). The odds ratio for MI was 3.1. (CI 95% 1.0-8.9) CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the presence of factorV Leiden increases the risk of Ml in young Turkish men. ( Acta Cardiol 2004; 59(6): 594-597)
Asunto(s)
Resistencia a la Proteína C Activada , Factor V/análisis , Infarto del Miocardio/sangre , Infarto del Miocardio/epidemiología , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
To commit suicide, three young adults swallowed a relatively small amount of a widely used insecticide containing endosulfan. They developed recurrent epileptic seizures. After hospitalization they were treated and recovered without any sequel. These seizures were classified as acute symptomatic or provoked seizures. We suggest that if one faces acute repetitive seizures, especially in the rural areas, an intoxication such as endosulfan intoxication should be considered when the etiology is uncertain even in the absence of any signs of intoxication.
Asunto(s)
Endosulfano/envenenamiento , Epilepsia/inducido químicamente , Hidrocarburos Clorados , Insecticidas/envenenamiento , Enfermedad Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Recurrencia , Población Rural , Intento de SuicidioRESUMEN
Behçet's disease is a chronic systemic vasculitis with unknown etiology characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulcerations, ocular inflammation,having manifestations related to the skin and joints. Neurologic, pulmonary and gastrointestinal findings can also be observed during the course of the disease. In this report a case of Behçet's disease that had amyloidosis due to renal parenchymal involvement of the disease showing itself by nephrotic syndrome is presented.
Asunto(s)
Amiloidosis/diagnóstico , Amiloidosis/etiología , Síndrome de Behçet/complicaciones , Síndrome de Behçet/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Renales/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Renales/etiología , Anciano , Amiloidosis/terapia , Síndrome de Behçet/terapia , Humanos , Enfermedades Renales/terapia , MasculinoRESUMEN
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by organophosphates may be involved in the toxicity of various pesticides. Therefore, in this study we aimed to investigate how an organophosphate insecticide, phosalone, affects lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the antioxidant defence system in vitro. For this purpose, the effects of various doses of phosalone on LPO and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes were studied. Each phosalone dose was incubated with a previously prepared erythrocyte sample at +4 degrees C for 0, 60 and 180 min. After incubation, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT were determined. Phosalone caused an increase in MDA formation and a decrease in the activities of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT. However, these effects were seen only at extremely high concentrations of phosalone and these concentrations were in the lethal range. Therefore, we suggest that ROS may not involve in the toxic effects of the pesticidal use of phosalone in low concentrations.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de la Colinesterasa/farmacología , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos Organotiofosforados/toxicidad , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Adulto , Catalasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Eritrocitos/enzimología , Eritrocitos/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Malondialdehído/sangre , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/sangre , Superóxido Dismutasa/antagonistas & inhibidoresRESUMEN
Nephrotoxicity induced by chlorpyrifos-ethyl (CE) and ameliorating effects of melatonin and vitamin E plus vitamin C were evaluated in rats exposed to CE. Experimental groups were as follows: control (C), CE treated (CE), vitamin E plus vitamin C treated (Vit), melatonin treated (Mel), vitamin E plus vitamin C plus CE treated (Vit+CE), and melatonin plus CE treated (Mel+CE). The rats in the CE, Vit+CE and Mel+CE groups were administered orally with CE in two equal doses of 41 mg/kg body weight (0.25 LD50). Melatonin and vitamins E and C were administrated intramuscularly at the doses of 10, 150 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and antioxidant potential (AOP), and the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were studied in the homogenates of kidney tissue. There were no significant differences in the activities of SOD and CAT between the experimental groups. The level of TBARS increased significantly (P<0.05) while AOP decreased significantly (P<0.05) in the CE group compared with the C group. GSH-Px activity was significantly (P<0.05) lower in the CE group and higher in the melatonin group than the control group. Histopathological changes were found in the kidney tissue of rats treated with CE. These were infiltration in mononuclear cells at perivascular and peritubular areas, hydropic degenerations in tubule epithelium and glomerular sclerosis. The severity of the lesions was reduced by administration of vitamins and melatonin. These results suggest that CE increases lipid peroxidation and decreases AOP by increasing oxidative stress, and that high doses of melatonin and a combination of vitamin E plus vitamin C considerably reduce the toxic effect of CE on kidney tissue of rats.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos Organotiofosforados/toxicidad , Animales , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Catalasa/metabolismo , Cloropirifos , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Riñón/patología , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Melatonina/farmacología , Compuestos Organotiofosforados/administración & dosificación , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Pruebas de Toxicidad , Vitamina E/farmacologíaRESUMEN
We have investigated the relationship between oxygen free radicals and acute rheumatic fever with regard to diagnosis of the disease process. At the time of diagnosis, we measured the levels of reactive oxygen molecules in the plasma, this being a parameter for oxygen free radicals, and discovered the levels to be significantly higher when compared with those measured in a control group (P<0.05). The levels measured in the plasma, however, were not statistically different among patients with and without carditis. We found a progressive decrease in the levels measured in the plasma when patients with acute rheumatic fever were tested on the 15th, 30th and 90th days subsequent to diagnosis. By the 90th day, levels measured in the plasma were still higher, but no longer significantly elevated, when compared with the control group. The present study is preliminary, but raises the possibility that measurement of oxygen free radicals in the plasma could be used as a laboratory test for active state of acute rheumatic fever. Further investigations will be needed, nonetheless, to determine the clinical application of this technique.
Asunto(s)
Radicales Libres/sangre , Oxígeno/sangre , Fiebre Reumática/sangre , Enfermedad Aguda , Adolescente , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Sedimentación Sanguínea , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Cardiomegalia/sangre , Cardiomegalia/diagnóstico por imagen , Cardiomegalia/tratamiento farmacológico , Niño , Protección a la Infancia , Electrocardiografía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Prednisolona/uso terapéutico , Radiografía , Fiebre Reumática/tratamiento farmacológico , Fiebre Reumática/etiología , Salicilatos/uso terapéutico , Estreptolisinas/sangre , TurquíaRESUMEN
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be involved in the toxicity of chlorpyrifos-ethyl (CE) [O,O-diethyl-O-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)phosphorothioate]. We have, therefore, examined the in vivo effects of CE on the rat erythrocyte antioxidant system and evaluated the ameliorating effects of melatonin and a combination of vitamin E and vitamin C on the oxidative damage induced by CE. The experimental groups were: (1) control group, (2) CE-treated group (CE), (3) vitamin E plus vitamin C treatment group (Vit), (4) melatonin-treated group (Mel), (5) vitamin E plus vitamin C plus CE treatment group (Vit + CE), and (6) melatonin plus CE treatment group (Mel + CE). Vitamin E and vitamin C were administered intramuscularly once a day for 6 consecutive days at 150 and 200 mg/kg, respectively, in the Vit and Vit + CE groups. Melatonin was administered intramuscularly at 10 mg/kg per day for 6 consecutive days in the Mel and Mel + CE groups. At the end of the fifth day, the rats of CE, Vit + CE and Mel + CE groups were treated orally with the first of two equal doses of 41 mg/kg CE, the second oral dose being given 21 h later. Blood samples were taken 24 h after the first CE administration. Levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), antioxidant defence potential (AOP), and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) were determined in erythrocytes. In comparison with the control group, oral administration of CE significantly (P < 0.05) stimulated TBARS activity while significantly (P < 0.05) inhibiting AOP and the activities of SOD and CAT. However, GSH-Px activity remained unchanged by CE treatment. Treatment with melatonin and vitamins E plus C significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the CE-induced increase of TBARS, and overcame the inhibitory effect of CE on SOD and CAT, but not on AOP. Melatonin treatment significantly (P < 0.05) increased only GSH-Px activity, irrespective of the effect of CE. These results suggest that CE treatment increases in vivo lipid peroxidation and decreases antioxidant defence by increasing oxidative stress in erythrocytes of rats, and melatonin and a combination of vitamin E and vitamin C can reduce this lipoperoxidative effect.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacología , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Insecticidas/toxicidad , Melatonina/farmacología , Compuestos Organotiofosforados/toxicidad , Vitamina D/farmacología , Administración Oral , Animales , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Ácido Ascórbico/administración & dosificación , Catalasa/metabolismo , Cloropirifos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Quimioterapia Combinada , Eritrocitos/enzimología , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Inyecciones Intramusculares , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Melatonina/administración & dosificación , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismo , Vitamina D/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Acne vulgaris frequently occurs in the second decade of life. The pathogenesis of the disease is multifactorial. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of reactive oxygen species in inflammation of acne by determining the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes in leukocytes. Fifty-two patients with papulopustular type acne vulgaris and 36 healthy controls were enrolled. The severity of the disease was examined by the Global Acne Grading System, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) enzymes as well as the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) were detected in leukocytes. The activities of SOD and GSH-Px were significantly decreased in the acne group. CAT activity and TBARS level were higher in patients than controls. Only a poor correlation was detected between GSH-Px activity and severity of the disease. Antioxidative defense enzymes are impaired in papulopustular acne, and drugs with antioxidative effects might be valuable in treatment.
Asunto(s)
Acné Vulgar/inmunología , Leucocitos/inmunología , Oxidorreductasas/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Catalasa/metabolismo , Femenino , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismoRESUMEN
AIM: To evaluate the relationship between the changes in gastrin and insulin serum concentrations after oral glucose loading in pregnant and non-pregnant women. METHODS: Thirty women, 12 pregnant and 18 non-pregnant, with normal fasting glucose values were included in the study. Serum concentrations of gastrin, glucose, insulin, and glucagon were analyzed at 0 (t1), 30 (t2) and 60 (t3) minutes after 75 g oral glucose loading. Gastrin, insulin, and glucagon levels were determined by means of radioimmunoassay kits. RESULTS: Serum gastrin concentration in pregnant women increased insignificantly (gastrin median values 57.91, 70.62, and 68.70 for t1, t2, and t3, respectively; Friedman's test, p = 0.264). In non-pregnant women gastrin levels insignificantly increased from t1 to t2, but reduced significantly from t2 to t3 (gastrin median values 62.91, 86.92, and 62.25 for t1, t2 and t3, respectively; Bonferroni adjusted Wilcoxon test, p = 0.002). Unlike in pregnant women, the changes in gastrin release in non-pregnant women were associated with changes in blood glucose concentrations at t2 and t3, which were induced by oral glucose loading. Glucose median values were 7.48 and 6.43 for t2 and t3, respectively. The insulin release due to the oral glucose loading markedly increased at t2 and t3 (Friedman's test, p < 0.001), whereas glucagon release decreased irrespective of pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Changes in blood glucose concentrations induced by oral glucose loading could influence gastrin release, especially in non-pregnant women. Changes in insulin and glucagon levels induced by oral glucose loading, particularly after 60 minutes, could not be associated with changes in gastrin release.