RESUMEN
We determined the distribution of the Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu polymorphisms of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome as well as a control group in Northeastern Turkey. A total of 52 patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea in a sleep laboratory and 78 control subjects were examined. Peripheral blood samples were taken from patients diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea by polysomnography. DNA was extracted from blood samples and amplified using polymerase chain reaction. Amplification products were digested with restriction enzymes to investigate gene polymorphisms. Restriction products were extracted from agarose gel electrophoresis and polymorphisms were analyzed using gel images. The Arg16Gly polymorphism was observed in 18 of 52 patients and in 23 of 78 controls. The Gln27Glu polymorphism was observed in 21 of 52 patients and in 28 of 78 controls. In conclusion, there was no correlation among polymorphic frequencies between patient and control groups. Based on the results, these polymorphisms do not contribute to the clinical diagnosis of this syndrome. However, the distribution of Arg16Gly vs Gln27Glu polymorphisms may contribute to obesity in patients with a body mass index greater than 30 (P < 0.05). Different results may be obtained if the parameters of obstructive sleep apnea disease are changed.
Asunto(s)
Obesidad/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/genética , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Alelos , Índice de Masa Corporal , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Turquía , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
In this study, we examined the frequency of polymorphisms in the interleukin (IL) genes IL-1ß-511 and IL-6-174 in patients with epilepsy as well as a control group in Kars, Turkey. A total of 100 patients diagnosed with epilepsy and 100 nonepileptic subjects as a control group were examined. Peripheral blood samples were acquired from patients and control subjects for DNA extraction. The target region was amplified using polymerase chain reaction and digested using the restriction enzymes SfaNI and AvaI. Restriction products were extracted from agarose gel electrophoresis and polymorphisms were analyzed using gel images. For IL-1ß, the most common genotype among the epilepsy group was the CT genotype with a 62% frequency; the T allele was the most common allele with a frequency of 34%. Among the control group, however, the CT genotype showed a frequency of 25% and the T allele had a 22% frequency. For IL-6-174, among the epilepsy group, the GG genotype prevalence was approximately 42% and G allele prevalence was 46%. The GG genotype was approximately 50% and the G allele was 53% in the control group. Thus, changes in the allele frequency of the T allele of IL-1ß-174 may be associated with epilepsy. However, there was no significant difference for the G allele frequency of IL-6-511. A larger sample size should be examined to verify these relationships, which could help to improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy.
Asunto(s)
Epilepsia/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Interleucina-6/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Alelos , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Estudios de Asociación Genética , Genómica , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
HLA class I and class II alleles were studied for the first time in 234 unrelated individuals inhabiting the East Black Sea region in Turkey. This region is on the historic silk road and close to Georgia. HLA class I (A* and B*) and class II DRB1* typing was done by the PCR-SSP method. A total of 17 HLA-A* alleles, 34 HLA-B* alleles, and 15 HLA-DRB1* alleles were detected. HLA-A*-B*, A*-DRB1*, and B*-DRB1* two-loci linkage disequilibrium data show that two specific combinations (A2-B35, A2-DRB1*11, and B35-DRB1*13) had the highest frequency (more than three or four times) compared with the other two-loci combinations, possibly reflecting an ancient founder effect. A*24 B*18 DRB1*13 and A*32 B*27 DRB1*11 were the most common haplotypes in the east Black sea Turkish population. HLA-B* showed the highest heterozygosity (94%) among the samples. The observed diversity in the HLA-A* and HLA-DRB1* loci was quite similar, ranging from 79% to 84%. We suggest that the east Black Sea Turkish population is characterized by the features of the Turkish anthropological type with some influence of other groups, such as Caucasians, Asians, and Mediterraneans.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos HLA-A/genética , Antígenos HLA-B/genética , Alelos , Frecuencia de los Genes , Antígenos HLA-DR/genética , Prueba de Histocompatibilidad , Humanos , Complejo Mayor de Histocompatibilidad , TurquíaRESUMEN
Sea gull faeces (616 samples in toto) were examined for enteric human pathogens, and 1.3% and 0.60% were found to contain Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp., respectively. All positive samples were near sewage outfalls and refuse tips. The Salmonella serotype was isolated as S. typhi and the Shigella serotype as S. sonnei. Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the faecal samples collected only in the Trabzon area.