RESUMEN
The effect of ethanol exposure on the fatty acid composition of brown and white adipose tissue in three successive rat progenies at the end of an experimental period (24 weeks) was studied. Ethanol-treated rats received a standard rat chow diet and 5, 10 and 15% ethanol in the ad libitum drinking fluid over 3 successive weeks. Then a concentration of 20% ethanol was maintained for 5 additional weeks up to the end of the experimental period. The males and females in the ethanol treated group were mated to obtain the 1st generation of offspring. Then female and male rats from the 1st generation were mated to obtain the 2nd generation. Finally, males and females from the 2nd generation were mated to obtain the 3rd generation of ethanol treated rats. Another group served as control and received only water and a standard rat chow diet. The control group was handled in the same way as the other experimental groups. In the 1st and 2nd generations the percentage of stearic acid (18:0) decreased and palmitoleic (16:1n7) and oleic acid (18:1n9) increased in both adipose tissues of ethanol-treated rats with respect to control. Additionally, n-3 and n-6 series were reduced both in brown and white adipose tissues. In the 3rd generation the fatty acid composition of the white adipose tissue was similar to that of control rats. Thus, no significant difference in essential fatty acids and oleic acid (18:1n9) were found. However, the fatty acid composition of the brown adipose tissue, in the 3rd generation, was similar to that observed in the 1st and 2nd generation. Thus, a decrease in essential fatty acids and an increase in oleic acid (18:1n9) was found. This suggests adaptation to ethanol consumption during successive progenies in white adipose tissue. However, in brown adipose tissue the values indicate a triglyceride storing during the thermogenesis, which is more important to newborns.
Asunto(s)
Tejido Adiposo Pardo/efectos de los fármacos , Tejido Adiposo/efectos de los fármacos , Etanol/farmacología , Ácidos Grasos Esenciales/metabolismo , Ácido Oléico/metabolismo , Adaptación Fisiológica , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo Pardo/metabolismo , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Animales , Composición Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Cruzamiento , Etanol/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos Omega-6 , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/metabolismo , Femenino , Masculino , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
This study was designed to examine the effects of supplementation with folic acid and amino acids in dams that consumed ethanol during gestation and lactation to see whether there is an improvement in the intestinal absorption of zinc in pup rats on the 21st day after birth. The rats were randomized into two groups: Ethanol-rats (EG) were administered ethanol during the pregnancy and lactation periods; the ethanol-folic acid group (EFG) received a folic acid and amino acid supplement concomitantly with ethanol administration during pregnancy and lactation. The dams were mated to obtain the first offspring. Two sets of experiments were performed on the offspring at 21 days after birth. In general, in the first set, jejunal zinc absorption in the offspring of EG and EFG groups showed a gradual increase along with increased perfusion time at all assayed concentrations. Jejunal zinc absorption expressed as nmol/intestinal surface was higher in the ethanol-folic acid group than in ethanol animals at all assayed concentrations except at 25 microM concentration. In the second set of experiments, distal ileum zinc absorption in the offspring of ethanolfolic acid dams showed a significant increase at all concentrations tested. These results indicate that supplementation of folic acid and amino acids to dams that consume ethanol during gestation and lactation increase serum and milk zinc levels, although the zinc ingestion is lower. In pups of the supplemented dams, the jejunal and ileal absorption of zinc increased; as a consequence, the serum zinc levels increased. The activity of alcohol dehydrogenase, a metaloenzyme dependent on zinc levels, also increased.
Asunto(s)
Aminoácidos/farmacología , Depresores del Sistema Nervioso Central/farmacología , Etanol/farmacología , Ácido Fólico/farmacología , Hematínicos/farmacología , Absorción Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Zinc/farmacocinética , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Lactancia , Masculino , Embarazo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , RatasRESUMEN
This study was designed to examine the effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure of ethanol in the in vivo absorption of free folic acid in the small intestine in pups rats at the 21st day after birth. The rats were accustomed to increasing amounts of ethanol (5 to 20%, vol/vol) in tap water for 1 month. During pregnancy and suckling period, ethanol-fed dams were assigned again to ethanol 20% in drinking water. Two sets of experiments were performed. In the first set, jejunal free folic acid absorption in control group and litters nursed by dams receiving ethanol showed a gradual increase along with the increase of perfusion time at all the assayed concentrations. In general, in litters of ethanol-fed dams, jejunal free folic acid absorption expressed as nmol/intestinal surface, nmol/g tissue wet weight and nmol/g tissue dry weight were higher than in control animals. In the second set of experiments, in distal ileum loops, free folic acid absorption did not occur in control pups, but appeared in litters exposed to ethanol. Milk folic acid levels are significantly decreased in ethanol-treated dams. However, only a slight decrease in the serum folic acid levels occurs in litters of ethanol-fed dams. In conclusion, the results obtained in the present work suggested a different pattern of free folic acid absorption in distal ileum for the two groups. The exposure of rats to ethanol during the pregnancy and suckling period, can affect postnatal development of intestinal functions and could play a role in the genesis of malnutrition observed in the infant.
Asunto(s)
Etanol/toxicidad , Ácido Fólico/farmacocinética , Absorción Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Ácido Fólico/sangre , Íleon/efectos de los fármacos , Íleon/metabolismo , Yeyuno/efectos de los fármacos , Yeyuno/metabolismo , Masculino , Intercambio Materno-Fetal , Leche/metabolismo , Trastornos Nutricionales/etiología , Embarazo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , RatasRESUMEN
The effect of chronic ethanol ingestion on fatty acid composition and lipid content of heart tissue in rats, and whether this effect depends on age, was studied. Rats were maintained on a 30% ethanol solution in drinking water for 3 and 5 months. Control animals were given water. Phospholipid concentration was unchanged in the ethanol-fed groups, compared with control groups, whereas total cholesterol content was increased at 5 months of treatment. An increase in stearic acid, palmitoleic acid, and 22:5n6 were observed at 3 months of ethanol ingestion. When ethanol was administered for 5 months, polyunsaturated fatty acids series n3 were decreased with respect to control. The effect of age on the profile of fatty acids of heart showed an increase of monounsaturated fatty acids and a decrease of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in both control and ethanol-fed rats. The effect of ethanol ingestion on fatty acid composition of heart tissue is not very pronounced, but the small changes observed could contribute to the development of functional and electrophysiological features of alcoholic heart disease.
Asunto(s)
Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Miocardio/metabolismo , Animales , Peso Corporal , Colesterol/metabolismo , Ingestión de Alimentos , Metabolismo Energético , Masculino , Fosfolípidos/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
This study was designed to examine the effects of prenatal and postnatal exposure of ethanol in the in vivo absorption of zinc in the small intestine in newborn rats at the 21st day after birth. The rats were accustomed to increasing amounts of ethanol (5 to 20%, vol/vol) in tap water for 1 month. During pregnancy and suckling period, ethanol-fed dams were assigned again to ethanol 20% in drinking water. Two sets of experiments were performed. In the first set, jejunal zinc absorption in control group and litters nursed by dams receiving ethanol showed a gradual increase along with the increase of perfusion time at all the assayed concentrations. In general, in litters of ethanol-fed dams, jejunal zinc absorption expressed as nmol/intestinal surface was higher than in control animals. In the second set of experiments, distal ileum zinc absorption in offspring of ethanol-fed dams showed a significantly decrease at all concentrations tested. The results showed that intestinal parameters measured in jejunum and distal ileum of litters exposed to ethanol were always significantly less than in control newborn. These results indicate that exposure of rats to ethanol during the pregnancy and suckling period, may affect postnatal development of intestinal functions and decrease the distal ileum zinc absorption in pups at the end of the lactation period.
Asunto(s)
Etanol/administración & dosificación , Absorción Intestinal , Zinc/farmacocinética , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos , Femenino , Íleon/metabolismo , Yeyuno/metabolismo , Masculino , Embarazo , Ratas , Espectrofotometría Atómica , Zinc/sangreRESUMEN
The effect of chronic ethanol feeding on the fatty acid composition of plasma and abdominal adipose tissue in rats was studied. Animals were maintained on a 30% ethanol solution in drinking water for 3 and 5 months. Control rats were given water. Caloric intake was similar in control and ethanol-fed rats at the end of the experimental period. However, a decrease in body weight was observed in rats that had consumed ethanol. Palmitoleic (16:1n7) and oleic (18:1n9) acids increased markedly, and linoleic acid (18:2n6) decreased in the plasma and in the adipose tissue of ethanol-fed rats with respect to control rats. After 3 months of ethanol ingestion, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids were reduced both in plasma and adipose tissue. When ethanol was administered for 5 months, only plasma long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 series were decreased. This suggest that changes induced by ethanol ingestion in essential fatty acid metabolism is less pronounced when ethanol feeding is maintained for a long period of time.