RESUMEN
La bronconeumonitis por virus herpes simple (VHS) es una entidad clínica descrita en pacientes críticos, asociada clásicamente a estados de inmunosupresión. Estudios recientes han demostrado una elevada frecuencia de detección del virus en muestras del tracto respiratorio inferior (obtenidas por lavado broncoalveolar [BAL]) de pacientes críticos inmunocompetentes ventilados mecánicamente, lo que indicaría su papel como sustrato patogénico independiente. Presentamos el caso de una paciente que ingresa tras intervención quirúrgica de neoplasia de recto, con sospecha de broncoaspiración durante la inducción anestésica. Presenta evolución clínica marcada por fiebre persistente pese a tratamiento antibiótico de amplio espectro, ausencia de crecimiento bacteriano en los cultivos obtenidos, sin claros infiltrados radiológicos y ventilación mecánica prolongada con reiterados fracasos en el destete, y que precisa traqueostomía percutánea. Se realiza broncoscopia con BAL y se detecta VHS (a nivel microbiológico e histológico), por lo que se inicia tratamiento con aciclovir con mejoría clínica y retirada del soporte ventilatorio (AU)
Herpes simplex virus bronchopneumonitis is a clinical entity described in critically ill patients and classically associated to immunosuppression. Recent reports have shown a higher frequency of virus detection from samples obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage of immunocompetent critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. This fact suggests its role as an independent pathogenic substrate. We report the case of a female patient who was admitted after an elective surgery of rectal tumor with suspected bronchoaspiration during anesthetic induction. The patient presented persistent fever despite broad spectrum antibiotic treatment. All cultures were negative for bacterial growth. The chest X-ray did not show opacifities. Prolonged mechanical ventilation with repeated failures to wean made it mandatory to perform percutaneous tracheostomy. A fibrobronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage, performed previously, showed positive result for herpes simplex virus (PCR and specific nuclear inclusions in cells). Thus, treatment was initiated with acyclovir, with clinical improvement and weaning from mechanical ventilation (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Anciano , Bronconeumonía/etiología , Herpes Simple/etiología , Neumonía Viral/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/etiología , Enfermedad Aguda , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar/virología , Bronconeumonía/diagnóstico , Bronconeumonía/tratamiento farmacológico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Herpes Simple/diagnóstico , Herpes Simple/tratamiento farmacológico , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Neumonía Viral/diagnóstico , Neumonía Viral/tratamiento farmacológico , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/tratamiento farmacológico , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/terapia , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/virología , Insuficiencia Respiratoria/terapiaRESUMEN
Herpes simplex virus bronchopneumonitis is a clinical entity described in critically ill patients and classically associated to immunosuppression. Recent reports have shown a higher frequency of virus detection from samples obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage of immunocompetent critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. This fact suggests its role as an independent pathogenic substrate. We report the case of a female patient who was admitted after an elective surgery of rectal tumor with suspected bronchoaspiration during anesthetic induction. The patient presented persistent fever despite broad spectrum antibiotic treatment. All cultures were negative for bacterial growth. The chest X-ray did not show opacifities. Prolonged mechanical ventilation with repeated failures to wean made it mandatory to perform percutaneous tracheostomy. A fibrobronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage, performed previously, showed positive result for herpes simplex virus (PCR and specific nuclear inclusions in cells). Thus, treatment was initiated with acyclovir, with clinical improvement and weaning from mechanical ventilation.