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Background: Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is a crucial factor in predicting responses to immunotherapy. This systematic review and meta-analysis focuses on the prevalence of PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological features among Hispanic/Latino (H/L) populations. Methods: Embase, LILACS, Medline, and Virtual Health Library were searched for studies that evaluated the prevalence of PD-L1 in H/L patients. The protocol was submitted to PROSPERO with ID CRD42023488547. We employed the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses to assess the methodological quality and applicability of the included studies. Meta-analyses were done to determine the prevalence using a random effects model. Results: The meta-analysis, encompassing 21 articles with 16,486, revealed that 80.2% of patients had PD-L1 expression data available (n=13,222). The prevalence calculated of PD-L1 expression in Latino NSCLC patients was 55% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.54-0.55], with 31% (95% CI: 0.27-0.36) showing a tumoral proportion score (TPS) of 1-49%, and 23% (95% CI: 0.16-0.30) registering a TPS ≥50%. Higher expression was observed in male gender, smoking, adenocarcinoma subtypes, poor tumor differentiation, and advanced stages. PD-L1 expression was most frequent in EGFR wild-type status (82.5%) with a odds ratio (OR) 1.54 (95% CI: 1.24-1.92) and PD-L1 expression was associated with ALK positive (OR =1.54; 95% CI: 1.24-1.92). Conclusions: This meta-analysis provides a comprehensive overview of PD-L1 expression in NSCLC in the H/L population. The findings underscore the significant prevalence of PD-L1 expression and emphasize the relevance of immunotherapy in this population. Understanding the clinicopathological features associated with PD-L1 expression can contribute to tailored treatment strategies for NSCLC in Latin America.

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This case report describes a patient in their 40s with a history of bronchiectasis, azoospermia, and epididymal cysts who presented with bilateral nasal obstruction.

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Functionalization of metallic surfaces by molecular monolayers is a key process in fields such as nanophotonics or biotechnology. To strongly enhance light-matter interaction in such monolayers, nanoparticle-on-a-mirror (NPoM) cavities can be formed by placing metal nanoparticles on such chemically functionalized metallic monolayers. In this work, we present a novel functionalization process of gold surfaces using 5-amino-2-mercaptobenzimidazole (5-A-2MBI) molecules, which can be used for upconversion from THz to visible frequencies. The synthesized surfaces and NPoM cavities are characterized by Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and advancing-receding contact angle measurements. Moreover, we show that NPoM cavities can be efficiently integrated on a silicon-based photonic chip performing pump injection and Raman-signal extraction via silicon nitride waveguides. Our results open the way for the use of 5-A-2MBI monolayers in different applications, showing that NPoM cavities can be effectively integrated with photonic waveguides, enabling on-chip enhanced Raman spectroscopy or detection of infrared and THz radiation.

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Microbiological diagnosis of osteoarticular infections (OI) is crucial for a successful treatment. A prospective multicenter study including 262 synovial fluids with suspicion of acute OI was performed between July 2021 and October of 2022. BioFire Joint Infection Panel multiplex-PCR test was performed and results were compared with conventional cultures of synovial fluid specimens. In total, 136 microorganisms were detected, and fourteen samples were positive for more than one microorganism. In monomicrobial infections (n = 87) agreement with culture was 69%. In 26 samples, the multiplex PCR yield an additional positive result when culture result was negative. It helped in the detection of fastidious microorganisms as K. kingae and N. gonorrhoeae. This multiplex PCR has proven to be a useful technique that can be used for patients with high suspicion of acute OI in a rapid and automated manner.

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INTRODUCTION: The frequency of actionable mutations varies between races, and Hispanic/Latino (H/L) people are a population with different proportions of ancestry. Our purpose was to establish prevalence of actionable mutations in the H/L population with NSCLC. METHODS: EMBASE, LILACS, MEDLINE, and Virtual Health Library were searched for studies published up to April 2023 that evaluated the prevalence of ALK, BRAF, EGFR, HER-2, KRAS, MET, NTRK, RET, ROS1 in H/L patients. Meta-analyses were done to determine prevalence using a random effects model. RESULTS: Fifty-five articles were included. EGFR and KRAS were the most prevalent genes with high heterogeneity across the countries. The overall mutation frequency for EGFR was 22%. The most frequent mutations in the EGFR gene were del19 (10%) and L858R (7%). The mean of KRAS mutation was a 14% prevalence. KRASG12C was the most frequent mutation with a 7% prevalence in an entire population. The overall frequency of ALK rearrangement was 5%. The mean frequency of ROS-1 rearrangement was 2%, and the frequencies of HER-2, MET, BRAF, RET, NTRK molecular alterations were 4%, 3%, 2%, 2%, and 1% respectively. Almost half of the cases were male, and 65.8% had a history of tobacco exposure. The most common clinical stage was IV. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of driver mutations such as EGFR and KRAS in LA populations differs from what is reported in Asians and Europeans. In the present article, countries with a high proportion of Amerindian ancestry show a greater prevalence of EGFR in contrast to countries with a high proportion of Caucasians. Lack of information on some countries or studies with a small sample size affects the real prevalence data for the region.

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BACKGROUND: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 has spread globally, causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To control the pandemic and to achieve herd immunity, four vaccines have obtained market authorization in Europe. Researchers have reported that the sequence of administration of the vaccines depends on the risk of exposure to COVID-19 and age, recommending the vaccine to pregnant and breastfeeding women. RESEARCH AIM: To examine the knowledge, willingness and attitudes of breastfeeding women in Spain regarding the possibility of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. METHODS: An observational descriptive cross-sectional study in two tertiary-level hospitals from Valencia was conducted. Breastfeeding women (N = 301) were recruited by non-probability sampling of consecutive cases. Questionnaires were collected in June 2021. RESULTS: More than one in every two participants would accept a COVID-19 vaccine, and the percentage rose in participants who were older, more educated, or worked in high-risk jobs. Their main source of information was the Internet, and midwives were the professionals who most recommended vaccination. Participants who would not accept vaccination during lactation reported reasons linked to lack of information regarding vaccination in their condition and how it might affect newborns. CONCLUSION: It is of primary concern for healthcare professionals to foster a greater understanding by providing updated information regarding the need, safety, and efficacy of the vaccine for both lactating mothers and their newborns.

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Silicon-based ring resonators have been demonstrated to be a key element to build lab-on-chip devices due to their ability to perform as label-free photonic sensors. In this work, we demonstrate photonic biosensing using silicon nitride ring resonators operated in the TM mode around 1310 nm wavelengths. Our results show that operating the devices using the TM mode results in an increased sensitivity in comparison with the typically used TE mode, while working at 1310 nm wavelengths compared to 1550 nm contributes to an increased quality factor. As a result, a reduction in the intrinsic limit of detection is achieved, indicating the suitability of TM modes in the 1310 nm regime for biosensing using integrated photonics.

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Nephrotoxicity is a major complication of cisplatin-based chemotherapy, leading to acute kidney injury in ca. 30% of patients, with no preventive intervention or treatment available for clinical use. Cilastatin has proved to exert a nephroprotective effect for cisplatin therapies in in vitro and in vivo models, having recently entered clinical trials. A deeper understanding at the molecular level of cisplatin-induced renal damage and the effect of potential protective agents could be key to develop successful nephroprotective therapies and to establish new biomarkers of renal damage and nephroprotection. A targeted lipidomics approach, using LC-MS/MS, was employed for the quantification of 108 lipid species (comprising phospholipids, sphingolipids, and free and esterified cholesterol) in kidney cortex and medulla extracts from rats treated with cisplatin and/or cilastatin. Up to 56 and 63 lipid species were found to be altered in the cortex and medulla, respectively, after cisplatin treatment. Co-treatment with cilastatin attenuated many of these lipid changes, either totally or partially with respect to control levels. Multivariate analysis revealed that lipid species can be used to discriminate renal damage and nephroprotection, with cholesterol esters being the most discriminating species, along with sulfatides and phospholipids. Potential diagnostic biomarkers of cisplatin-induced renal damage and cilastatin nephroprotection were also found.

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BACKGROUND: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a clinical entity with specific features that impacts significantly on patient quality of life (QoL). CRSwNP is often associated with asthma and is difficult to control and manage despite pharmacological and/or surgical treatment. Omalizumab, a monoclonal anti-IgE antibody, has emerged as a putative therapeutic option. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of omalizumab on nasal polyp (NP) size and QoL assessed by Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) in patients with recalcitrant CRSwNP and mild asthma. METHODS: A multicenter retrospective analysis of patient data from the Community of Valencia (Spain) was performed. Adult patients with recalcitrant CRSwNP and comorbid mild asthma receiving compassionate use of omalizumab were included. NP size measured by total nasal endoscopic polyp score (TPS) and QoL evaluated through the SNOT-22 questionnaire were assessed at baseline and monthly over 12 months. An ordinal regression model was built to analyze the results. RESULTS: A total of 23 CRSwNP patients with a mean age (± SD) of 54.78 ± 9.46 years were included. Nineteen suffered from aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). In all patients, a significant and sustained reduction in TPS was observed over time, accompanied by improvements in QoL reflected in lower SNOT-22 scores. In the ordinal regression model, time but not total IgE, age or tissue eosinophilia impacted on NP size and SNOT-22 outcomes. Additionally, improvements in QoL were not explained by reductions in the size of polyps. CONCLUSION: Omalizumab was effective for the treatment of patients with recalcitrant CRSwNP and mild asthma, even when AERD was present, by reducing NP size and improving QoL; treatment time was a key factor. SNOT-22 improvements were not explained by decreases in TPS, indicating that omalizumab may be effective in all patients, regardless of polyp size.

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Background: Bronchopulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital malformation of the lower respiratory tract; it consists of a nonfunctioning mass of lung tissue that is irrigated by an anomalous systemic artery. The association with Actinomyces superinfection has not been well established. Methods: We present the case of a 35-year-old woman with a history of recurrent episodes of pneumonia. Based on radiological and histopathological examination, she was diagnosed with intralobar bronchopulmonary sequestration associated with Actinomyces infection. Promoting clinical suspicion is essential to diagnose pulmonary actinomycosis in patients with recurrent pneumonia, to improve early recognition and timely management.

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OBJETIVO: Relacionar la clínica de disfagia con la enfermedad de Forestier-Rotes-Querol o hiperostosis esquelética difusa idiopática (HEDI), desorden por osificación del ligamento cervical anterior común y calcificaciones en otras articulaciones. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Revisión del historial clínico-radiológico de 455 pacientes que en 5 años consultaron en nuestro centro por disfagia, remitidos desde Atención Primaria o diferentes especialidades. El diagnóstico de HEDI se estableció en función de los criterios descritos por Resnick. RESULTADOS: Sobre un volumen total de 32.544 pacientes atendidos, el 1,4% consultó por disfagia alta. En 51 casos con esta sintomatología -el 11,2% de los sujeto- pudieron verificarse datos congruentes con los hallazgos radiológicos diagnósticos de HEDI. La incidencia observada fue de 7:100.000 habitantes-año. Dos casos con disfagia severa mejoraron con la retirada del hueso cervical neoformado. CONCLUSIONES: La HEDI supone una osificación interarticular anquilosante habitualmente sistémica pero asintomática. Al manifestarse, distorsiona principalmente las funciones de cuello y vías altas, generando sobre todo disfagia. Unos pocos casos requieren cirugía liberadora de estas calcificaciones

OBJECTIVE: To relate symptoms of dysphagia to Forestier-Rotes Querol disease or diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), a disorder due to ossification in the anterior longitudinal ligament and calcifications in other entheses. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Review of clinical and radiological findings in 455 outpatients attended at our Centre with dysphagia, for 5 years, referred from dental, trauma, neurological or primary health care. A diagnosis of DISH was established using Resnick's criteria. RESULTS: We detected 51 cases with dysphagia consistent with DISH diagnostic criteria - 11.2% of subjects suffering this symptom- out of 32544 outpatients attended. An incidence of 7:100000 inhabitants per year was observed. Two cases showed significant improvement after removing the new bone in the spine. CONCLUSIONS: DISH is an ankylosing ossification between the joints, frequently systemic but showing no clinical symptoms. When symptoms manifest, neck movements and upper airways are involved, mainly dysphagia. A few cases need surgery to relieve the calcification processes

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OBJECTIVE: To relate symptoms of dysphagia to Forestier-Rotes Querol disease or diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), a disorder due to ossification in the anterior longitudinal ligament and calcifications in other entheses. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Review of clinical and radiological findings in 455 outpatients attended at our Centre with dysphagia, for 5years, referred from dental, trauma, neurological or primary health care. A diagnosis of DISH was established using Resnick's criteria. RESULTS: We detected 51 cases with dysphagia consistent with DISH diagnostic criteria - 11.2% of subjects suffering this symptom- out of 32544 outpatients attended. An incidence of 7:100000 inhabitants per year was observed. Two cases showed significant improvement after removing the new bone in the spine. CONCLUSIONS: DISH is an ankylosing ossification between the joints, frequently systemic but showing no clinical symptoms. When symptoms manifest, neck movements and upper airways are involved, mainly dysphagia. A few cases need surgery to relieve the calcification processes.

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Currently the human population is aging faster. This leads to higher dependency rates and the transformation of health and social care to adapt to this aged population. Among the changes developed by this population is frailty. It is defined as a clinically detectable syndrome, related to the aging of multiple physiological systems, which prompts a situation of vulnerability. The etiology of frailty seems to be multifactorial and its pathophysiology is influenced by the interaction of numerous factors. Morley et al. propose four main mechanisms triggering the frailty: atherosclerosis, sarcopenia, cognitive deterioration and malnutrition, with their respective metabolic alterations. Malnutrition is associated with cognitive impairment or functional loss, but it is also known that an inadequate nutritional status predisposes to cognitive frailty. Additionally, nutritional factors that may influence vascular risk factors will potentially have an effect on dementia decline among patients with cognitive frailty. This review aims to describe the nutritional factors that have been researched so far which may lead to the development of frailty, and especially cognitive decline.

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INTRODUCTION: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is common in premature babies. It is difficult to predict the risk of developing this disease and its definition is not well characterized in high altitude cities. OBJECTIVE: To determine the operating characteristics of a BPD predictive scale for in preterm infants based on a classical BPD definition and one adjusted for altitude. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Observational, analytical, longitudinal study with infants gestational age ≤32 weeks admitted at two University Hospital's in the city of Bogotá, Colombia between June 2010 and December 2016. The 2001 NIH consensus definition for BPD was used and a definition with an altitude adjustment. Perinatal data, and the Romagnoli scale variables for the 3rd and 5th days were described. Score operational characteristics in relation to BPD frequency are measured using the two definitions. RESULTS: 335 patients were included. The median birth weight was 1335 g and GA was 31 weeks. For the BPD classical definition, the incidence was 85%, whereas after adjusting for altitude it was 20%. The scale score showed good overall discrimination (ROC curve, AUC 0.81-0.86). The sensitivity for the classical definition with a high cut point of 4 was between 93-98% and the adjusted for altitude was 28-37%. The specificity for the same cut was 28-32% with the classical definition and 96% with the adjusted one. CONCLUSIONS: The scale using the classical definition has high sensitivity, but it is not specific; adjusting the definition for altitude decreases sensitivity but increases specificity. New cutoffs points are needed on the scale or a change in the weight for the variables included in the model in order to be used in our high-altitude population.

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In this work, flexible Te films have been synthesized by electrochemical deposition using PEDOT [poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)] nanofilms as working electrodes. The Te electrodeposition time was varied to find the best thermoelectric properties of the Te/PEDOT double layers. To show the high quality of the Te films grown on PEDOT, the samples were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, showing the three Raman active modes of Te: E1, A1, and E2. The X-ray diffraction spectra also confirmed the presence of crystalline Te on top of the PEDOT films. The morphology of the Te/PEDOT films was studied using scanning electron microscopy, showing a homogeneous distribution of Te along the film. Also an atomic force microscope was used to analyze the quality of the Te surface. Finally, the electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient of the Te/PEDOT films were measured as a function of the Te deposition time. The films showed an excellent thermoelectric behavior, giving a maximum power factor of about 320 ± 16 µW m-1 K-2 after 2.5 h of Te electrochemical deposition, a value larger than that reported for thin films of Te. Qualitative arguments to explain this behavior are given in the discussion.

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The purpose of this work was to study the relationship between self-focused attention and mindfulness in participants prone to hallucinations and others who were not. A sample of 318 healthy participants, students at the universities of Sevilla and Almería, was given the Launay-Slade Hallucinations Scale-revised (LSHS-R, Bentall & Slade, 1985). Based on this sample, two groups were formed: participants with high (n = 55) and low proneness (n = 28) to hallucinations. Participants with a score higher than a standard deviation from the mean in the LSHS-R were included in the high proneness group, participants with a score lower than a standard deviation from the mean in the LSHR-R were included in the second one. All participants were also given the Self-Absorption Scale (SAS, McKenzie & Hoyle, 2008) and the Southampton Mindfulness Questionnaire (SMQ, Chadwick et al., 2008). The results showed that participants with high hallucination proneness had significantly higher levels of public (t(80) = 6.81, p < .001) and private (t(77) = 7.39, p < .001) self-focused attention and lower levels of mindfulness (t(81) = -4.56, p < .001) than participants in the group with low hallucination proneness. A correlational analysis showed a negative association between self-focused attention (private and public) and mindfulness (r = -0.23, p < .001; r = -0.38, p < .001 respectively). Finally, mindfulness was found to partly mediate between self-focused attention and hallucination proneness. The importance of self-focused attention and mindfulness in understanding the etiology of hallucinations discussed and suggest some approaches to their treatment (AU)

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