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The use of natural-origin biomaterials in bioengineering has led to innovative approaches in agroforestry. Bacterial cellulose (BC), sharing the same chemical formula as plant-origin cellulose (PC), exhibits significantly different biochemical properties, including a high degree of crystallinity and superior water retention capacity. Previous research showed that natural-origin glucose-based chitin enhanced plant growth in both herbaceous and non-herbaceous plants. In this study, we produced BC in the laboratory and investigated its effects on the substrate and on Solanum lycopersicum seedlings. Soil amended with BC increased root growth compared with untreated seedlings. Additionally, under limited irrigation conditions, BC increased global developmental parameters including fresh and dry weight, as well as total carbon and nitrogen content. Under non-irrigation conditions, BC contributed substantially to plant survival. RNA sequencing (Illumina®) on BC-treated seedlings revealed that BC, despite its bacterial origin, did not stress the plants, confirming its innocuous nature, and it lightly induced genes related to root development and cell division as well as inhibition of stress responses and defense. The presence of BC in the organic substrate increased soil availability of phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), and potassium (K), correlating with enhanced nutrient uptake in plants. Our results demonstrate the potential of BC for improving soil nutrient availability and plant tolerance to low irrigation, making it valuable for agricultural and forestry purposes in the context of global warming.

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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.804104.].

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Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands is a highly prevalent phytopathogen worldwide, ranking among the top ten in terms of distribution. It inflicts crown rot, canker, and root rot on numerous plant species, significantly impacting the biodiversity of both flora and fauna within affected environments. With a host range spanning over 5,000 species, including important plants like Quercus suber, Quercus ilex, Castanea sativa, and commercially significant crops such as avocado (Persea americana), maize (Zea mays), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Phytophthora cinnamomi poses a substantial threat to agriculture and ecosystems. The efficient dissemination of the oomycete relies on its short-lived asexually motile zoospores, which depend on water currents to infect host roots. However, managing these zoospores in the laboratory has long been challenging due to the complexity of the life cycle. Current protocols involve intricate procedures, including alternating cycles of growth, drought, and flooding. Unfortunately, these artificial conditions often result in a rapid decline in virulence, necessitating additional steps to maintain infectivity during cultivation. In our research, we sought to address this challenge by investigating zoospore survival under various conditions. Our goal was to develop a stable stock of zoospores that is both easily deployable and highly infective. Through direct freezing in liquid nitrogen, we have successfully preserved their virulence. This breakthrough eliminates the need for repeated culture transfers, simplifying the process of plant inoculation. Moreover, it enables more comprehensive studies of Phytophthora cinnamomi and its interactions with host plants.

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This cross-sectional descriptive study aimed to analyze the relationship between maternal positions during the expulsion phase and perineal outcomes in 367 eutocic births attended by midwives or midwifery residents at a public hospital in northern Spain in 2018. A total of 94.3% of women opted for horizontal positions. Limited sacral retroversion was observed in 71.7%, potentially influencing perineal outcomes. A low incidence of tears indicated effective management during the expulsive phase, with an episiotomy rate of 15.3%, which was slightly above the 15% standard. Primiparity and maternal age were identified as risk factors associated with episiotomy. Additionally, sacral mobilization and vertical positions during delivery were significantly related to fewer perineal injuries, suggesting benefits for both mother and newborn. The correlation between maternal positions and the need for epidural analgesia highlighted the importance of considering these in pain management during childbirth. Despite limitations, the study provides valuable insight into obstetric practices and advocates for a woman-centered approach that respects autonomy during childbirth. Further research is needed to explore biomechanical parameters and enhance childbirth experiences.

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BACKGROUND: Self-care is the primary means of caring for a chronic condition. Therefore, it is necessary to assess it by using a good validity and reliability instrument. The Self-Care of Chronic Illness Inventory (SC-CII) is a generic instrument developed to measure self-care processes behaviors using three separate scales in patients with chronic illness. The original cross-cultural assessment concluded the need for future studies sampling patients from different sites to increase the generalizability of the psychometric evaluation results. It was unclear whether this tool had sound psychometrics properties in the context of Spanish culture. The purpose of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the SC-CII, test its psychometric properties and validate its use among Spanish people with chronic diseases. METHODS: A cross-cultural translation of the SC-CII was performed from English to Spanish. The psychometric evaluation was conducted in a sample of 350 patients with chronic conditions through a multicenter cross-sectional study based on the STROBE guideline. Data were collected from face-to-face interviews during 2022. Internal validity was assessed with Confirmatory Factor Analysis, internal consistency reliability with Cronbach alpha for unidimensional scales and McDonald's Omega reliability coefficient for multidimensional scales. RESULTS: Most (63.4%) participants were older adults aged 65 years or older with a mean age of 65.45 ± 14.97. The average number of chronic conditions reported was 2.81%; the most common conditions were hypertension (52.3%), musculoskeletal disorders (46.3%) and diabetes (38.9%). Patients reported adequate self-care behaviors in all three scales of the SC-CII. The Self-Care Maintenance and Management scales were multidimensional, and the Self-Care Monitoring scale was unidimensional. In Confirmatory Factor Analysis, the Self-Care Maintenance and Monitoring scales had satisfactory fit indices. The Self-care Management scale had acceptable fit indices. The Omega reliability coefficient for multidimensional scales was 0.75 (Self-Care Maintenance) and 0.72 (Self-Care Management). The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the Self-Care Monitoring scale was 0.85. Item-total correlations were all significant except one. Test-retest reliability showed an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.92. CONCLUSIONS: The SC-CII has appropriate psychometrics characteristics and is a culturally suitable and reliable instrument for assessing to the self-care behaviors of patients with chronic disease in Spain. The scale provides a simple and rapid solution to assess the self-care process.

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Metformin, a hypoglycemic drug for Type 2 diabetes mellitus, shows variability in pharmacokinetics and response due to membrane transporters. This study followed 34 Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients on metformin treatment. Genetic variants in 11 metformin transport-related genes were analyzed, revealing associations. Specifically, SLC47A1 rs2289669 A/A and SLC22A4 rs1050152 T/T genotypes correlated with glycated hemoglobin values at 6 months. SLC47A1 rs2289669 G/A genotype influenced glucose levels at 6 months, while SLC29A4 rs3889348 A/A, SLC47A1 rs2289669 A/A, SLC22A4 rs1050152 C/T and SLC47A2 rs12943590 A/A genotypes were linked to glucose levels at 12 months. Additionally, ABCB1 rs2032582 C/A and ABCG2 rs2231137 C/T genotypes impacted cholesterol levels at 12 months. These findings shed light on metformin response determinants, offering insights for further research.

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OBJECTIVES: To identify subgroups of psychoneurological symptoms (PNS) and their relationship to different clinical variables in a sample of women with breast cáncer (BC) with different type of treatment, and the possible influence of these on quality of life (QoL), using a factorial principal components analysis. DATA SOURCES: Observational, cross-sectional, non-probability study (2017-2021) at Badajoz University Hospital (Spain). A total of 239 women with BC receiving treatment were included. RESULTS: 68% of women presented fatigue, 30% depressive symptoms, 37.5% anxiety, 45% insomnia, and 36% cognitive impairment. The average score obtained for pain was 28.9. All the symptoms were related between themselves, and within the cluster of PNS. The factorial analysis showed three subgroups of symptoms, which accounted for 73% of variance: state and trait anxiety (PNS-1), cognitive impairment, pain and fatigue (PNS-2), and sleep disorders (PNS-3). The depressive symptoms were explained equally by PNS-1 and PNS-2. Additionally, two dimensions of QoL were found (functional-physical and cognitive-emotional. These dimensions correlated with the three PNS subgroups found. A relationship was found between chemotherapy treatment and PNS-3, and its negative impact on QoL. CONCLUSIONS: A specific pattern of grouped symptoms in a psychoneurological cluster with different underlying dimensions has been identified which negatively influences QoL of survivors of BC. IMPLICATION FOR NURSING PRACTICE: It is important to raise awareness among professionals and patients about the existence of a cluster of PNS, the patient's profile, as well as the factors that exacerbate them. This will allow them to be treated more effectively and comprehensively.

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Background: Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI), or "chemobrain," isdefined as a phenomenon of cognitive deficits in cancer patients after chemotherapy and is characterized by deficits in areas of cognition, including memory, attention, speed of processing, and executive function, which seriously affect quality of life. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of CRCI in breast cancer (BC) patients in chemotherapy treatment (CT+) or not (CT−) and to analyze their relationship with detectable objective changes in cerebral activity during the execution of a phonological and semantic verbal fluency task (PVF and SVF). Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was carried out at Badajoz University Hospital (Spain). A total of 180 women with BC were included. We used Cognitive Scale (FACT-Cog) for neuropsychological subjective assessment, obtaining scores of perceived cognitive impairment (PCI), and near-infrared spectroscopy system (NIRS) for neuropsychological objective assessment during a verbal fluency task (PVF and SVF), determining alterations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) assessed as changes in regional saturation index (rSO2). Results: A total of 41.7% percent of the patients in the sample had PCI. CT+ was significantly associated with a worse impact in PCI (X¯ = 50.60 ± 15.64 vs. X¯ = 55.01 ± 12.10; p = 0.005). Average rSO2 decreased significantly in CT+ (X¯ = 63.30 ± 8.02 vs. X¯ = 67.98 ± 7.80; p < 0.001), and BC patients showed a significant decrease in PVF and SVF on average (X¯ = 41.99 ± 9.52 vs. X¯ = 47.03 ± 9.31, and X¯ = 33.43 ± 11.0 vs. X¯ = 36.14 ± 10.68, respectively; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that cognitive impairments in the domain of executive functioning exist among patients with BC who received CT. The results corroborate the hypothesis that CT is an important factor in cognitive impairment in patients with BC, which has been demonstrated by both subjective (PCI) and objective (PVF, SVF, and rSO2) neuropsychological measures. The combination of doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and docetaxel induce cognitive impairment.

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In this work, we studied the direct and indirect plant protection effects of an Artemisia absinthium essential oil (AEO) on tomato seedlings against Fusarium oxysporum sp. oxysporum radicis lycopersici (Fol). AEO exhibited a toxic effect in vitro against Fol. Additionally, tomato seedlings germinated from seeds pretreated with AEO and grown hydroponically were protected against Fol. Plant disease symptoms, including, water and fresh weight loss, tissue necrosis, and chlorosis were less pronounced in AEO-treated seedlings. AEO also contributed to plant defenses by increasing callose deposition and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on seed surfaces without affecting seed germination or plant development. The essential oil seed coating also primed a durable tomato seedling defense against the fungus at later stages of plant development. RNA-seq and metabolomic analysis performed on seedlings after 12 days showed that the AEO treatment on seeds induced transcriptomic and metabolic changes. The metabolomic analysis showed an induction of vanillic acid, coumarin, lycopene, oleamide, and an unknown metabolite of m/z 529 in the presence of Fol. The StNRPD2 gene, the second largest component of RNA polymerases IV and V directly involved in de novo cytosine methylation by RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM), was highly induced in the presence of AEO. The host methionine cycle (MTC) controlling trans-methylation reactions, was also altered by AEO through the high induction of S-adenosyl methionine transferases (SAMts). Our results suggest that AEO treatment could induce de novo epigenetic changes in tomato, modulating the speed and extent of its immune response to Fol. The EO-seed coating could be a new strategy to prime durable tomato resistance, compatible with other environmentally friendly biopesticides.

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Breast cancer (BC) is a major public health problem internationally. Although illness survival rates have improved, patients usually suffer multiple symptoms, both physical and psychological, which can affect their quality of life (QoL). The main aim of this study was to evaluate depressive symptoms, anxiety and the QoL of people with BC. An observational, cross-sectional study was carried out at Badajoz University Hospital (Spain). A total of 200 women with BC were included. EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23 questionnaires were used to assess QoL. Patients were screened for depressive symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and for state anxiety and trait anxiety using the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Thirty-eight percent of the patients in the sample had moderate to severe anxiety, which was related to the time of diagnosis, advanced stage of illness and surgical treatment. We found that 28% of patients had depressive symptoms, related mainly with time of diagnosis, adjuvant therapy and number of cycles of chemotherapy (CT). Patients with the longest time since diagnosis, in stage III, and in treatment with CT, especially those with the greatest number of cycles, had the worst scores in QoL. We found a positive association between depressive symptoms and anxiety with QoL in patients with BC.

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BACKGROUND: Shift working is associated with a profound desynchronization of circadian rhythm and in particular, night-shift work disrupts normal circadian physiology. Sleep deprivation affects the functioning of certain brain areas and thus impairs cognitive performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the night shift on cognitive performance and cerebral oxygenation/haemodynamics. METHODS: A prospective, observational, comparative, randomized and cross-over study was carried out. A total of 74 intensive care unit nurses in Spain were included in the study. The following variables were measured: sociodemographic, burnout, anxiety, baseline cerebral oxygenation levels on night and day shift using a near-infrared spectroscopy system and cognitive task performance during a verbal fluency task to evaluate the alterations in the prefrontal cortex, assessed as changes in regional saturation index. RESULTS: The average regional saturation index decreased significantly in the night shift (r = 0.560, p < 0.001). The ICU nurses showed a significant decrease in the verbal fluency test on average (8.53 ± 8.49, p < 0.001) and, in general, there was also a significant increase in anxiety score (3.17 ± 7.56, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Sleep deprivation during the night shift was considered to be related to decreased dorsolateral PFC reactivity. After the night shift, the nurses showed a decrease in prefrontal cortex activity and in cognitive performance.

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Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y variables sociodemográficas y clínicas de pacientes diagnosticados de diabetes mellitus, comparando además con los valores de referencia para la población española. Método: Estudio descriptivo-analítico observacional trasversal por muestreo no probabilístico intencional en pacientes con diabetes mellitus del Centro de Salud San Roque (Badajoz, España), usando cuestionarios de datos sociodemográficos y de cuidado de la diabetes, los cuestionarios SF-36 y Duke-UNC, y datos de la historia clínica. Resultados: Se estudiaron 60 pacientes (55% mujeres) fundamentalmente con diabetes tipo 2 (90%) y una edad media de 68,67±11,09 años. Las mujeres mayores de 75 años presentaron valores de CVRS significativamente inferiores a los de su grupo poblacional de referencia. Las mujeres mostraron una peor CVRS que los hombres. La edad, los años de evolución de la diabetes, la presencia de complicaciones agudas y crónicas, así como de comorbilidades, el régimen farmacológico y el control glucémico afectan a la CVRS. Vivir solo, tener un nivel socioeconómico bajo, un apoyo social percibido bajo y necesitar ayuda para el cuidado de la diabetes están relacionados con una deficiente CVRS. Conclusiones: La evaluación de la CVRS permite detectar alteraciones en sus diferentes dominios e intervenir precozmente, pudiendo incorporar estos aspectos a la valoración e intervención enfermera en el plan de cuidados, lo que permite establecer estrategias individualizadas de atención y programas de educación diabetológica que contribuyan a la mejora de la calidad de vida en pacientes con diabetes.(AU)

Objective: To analyse the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and sociodemographic and clinical factors in patients with diabetes mellitus, also comparing with Spanish population-based reference values. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive-analytical observational study through nonprobability sampling on diabetic patients from San Roque Primary Health Centre (Badajoz, Spain), using a questionnaire regarding sociodemographic and diabetes care data, SF-36 and Duke-UNC questionnaires, and clinical history data. Results: Sixty patients (55% women) fundamentally with type 2 diabetes and a mean age of 68.67±11.09 years were studied. Women older than 75 presented poorer HRQoL than their reference group. Women showed worse HRQoL than men. Age, evolution of diabetes, presence of acute and chronic complications, and comorbidities, pharmacological treatment, and glycaemic control affect HRQoL in these patients. Living alone, having a low socioeconomic status, and needing help with diabetes-related self-care can negatively affect quality of life. Conclusions: HRQoL assessment allows us to detect alterations in the different domains and perform an early intervention. This way, we can incorporate these aspects into the nursing evaluation and interventions in the nursing care plan; allowing us to develop individualized care strategies and diabetes education programmes that contribute to improving HRQoL in patients with diabetes.(AU)

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OBJECTIVE: To analyse the relationship between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and sociodemographic and clinical factors in patients with diabetes mellitus, also comparing with Spanish population-based reference values. METHOD: Cross-sectional descriptive-analytical observational study through nonprobability sampling on diabetic patients from San Roque Primary Health Centre (Badajoz, Spain), using a questionnaire regarding sociodemographic and diabetes care data, SF-36 and Duke-UNC questionnaires, and clinical history data. RESULTS: Sixty patients (55% women) fundamentally with type 2 diabetes and a mean age of 68.67 ± 11.09 years were studied. Women older than 75 presented poorer HRQoL than their reference group. Women showed worse HRQoL than men. Age, evolution of diabetes, presence of acute and chronic complications, and comorbidities, pharmacological treatment, and glycaemic control affect HRQoL in these patients. Living alone, having a low socioeconomic status, and needing help with diabetes-related self-care can negatively affect quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: HRQoL assessment allows us to detect alterations in the different domains and perform an early intervention. This way, we can incorporate these aspects into the nursing evaluation and interventions in the nursing care plan; allowing us to develop individualized care strategies and diabetes education programmes that contribute to improving HRQoL in patients with diabetes.

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OBJECTIVES: To assess the relationship between (a) chemotherapy and monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatments and (b) depressive symptoms and quality of life (QOL) in patients with breast cancer. SAMPLE & SETTING: 182 women with breast cancer in Spain who were undergoing chemotherapy with or without mAbs. METHODS & VARIABLES: An observational, cross-sectional study was carried out. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QOL Questionnaire-Core 30 and the EORTC QOL Questionnaire-Breast Cancer were used to assess QOL. Patients were screened for depressive symptoms using the Beck Depression Inventory-II. RESULTS: No relationship was found between the use of mAbs with chemotherapy and QOL, except for incidence of diarrhea. However, depressive symptoms had a negative and highly significant influence on the majority of the QOL parameters. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: The presence of depressive symptoms negatively affects QOL. Used concurrently, mAbs and chemotherapy do not negatively influence QOL, but some adverse effects, such as diarrhea, are common.

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La decisión clínica basada en la evidencia se asienta, fundamentalmente, en estudios aleatorizados a gran escala.Sin embargo, la realidad del paciente puede ser mucho más compleja y capturarla en su totalidad para adaptarlaa cada caso individual justifica la llamada medicina de precisión, que toma en cuenta sus características genéticas,fenotípicas o psicosociales. Este abordaje es posible gracias al manejo de grandes volúmenes de datos mediantesistemas informáticos complejos basados en inteligencia artificial (IA) y machine learning (ML).Esta actualización divulgativa, basada en más de 50 artículos, pretende aproximarse a la aplicación de IA y ML entodos los aspectos de la angiología, cirugía vascular y endovascular contemporánea. El campo con mayor desarrollopotencial es el procesamiento y la automatización de la imagen vascular, que permite también la segmentaciónautomática de vasos, la estimación de movimiento y deformaciones y su posterior integración en el guiado deltratamiento. La IA y el ML también ofrecen grandes posibilidades en simulación de procedimientos, cada vez másimportante en cirugía abierta, y en la mejora de la interacción del operador con las estaciones de trabajo y sistemasde ayuda, tanto de imagen como robóticos. Por último, la integración masiva de datos abre nuevos horizontesen la predicción de resultados, acercando la calidad y el potencial impacto de los registros a los de los estudiosaleatorizados y mejorando los resultados de la estadística convencional.(AU)

Evidence-based clinical decision is based overall in broad-spectrum randomized studies. However, the patient'sreality may be much more complex, and capturing it as a whole justifies the so-called precision medicine, whichtakes into account genetic, phenotypic and psycho-social variables. This approach is possible thanks to the manage-ment of big data, using complex computing system based in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML).This update, based on over 50 publications, intends to give a view on IA and ML application on every aspect ofcontemporary vascular and endovascular practice. The field with a greater potential development is automaticimage processing, that allows vessel segmentation, deformation and movement estimations and the subsequentintegration into treatment guidance. IA and ML also offer great possibilities in simulation, especially of open surgicalprocedures, and also in the improvement of machine-operator interaction with workstations and robotic systems.Finally, big data integration opens new horizons in outcome prediction, almost matching the quality and potentialimpact of register to these of randomized evidence, and overcoming the results of traditional statistics.(AU)

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Se presenta el caso de un lactante con agenesia de la vesícula biliar de diagnóstico prenatal. Este hallazgo es poco común. En la mayor parte de los casos se detecta de manera casual durante una exploración quirúrgica. No es infrecuente que produzca sintomatología (25-30%), y cuando lo hace, esta es indistinguible de otras patologías de vías biliares. El reto fundamental en esta entidad es su diagnóstico prequirúrgico, cada día más factible dados los avances en las técnicas de imagen. Dada la baja tasa de complicaciones y la buena evolución de estas, es una entidad con un pronóstico favorable

A case of an infant with prenatally diagnosed gallbladder agenesis is reported. This is an uncommon finding, being detected in most cases by chance during a surgical exploration. It is not uncommon for it to produce symptoms (25-30%), and when it does, it is indistinguishable from other biliary pathologies. The fundamental challenge in this entity is its pre-surgical diagnosis, each day more feasible given the advances in imaging techniques. Given the low rate of complications and their good evolution, it is an entity with a favorable prognosis

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INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease (AD) caregivers resilience involves the interaction between different risk and protective factors. Context of care, objective stressors, perceived stressors caregiver assessment, mediators factors and consequences of care were associated with resilience. We have developed a more integrated and operational conceptual model of resilience and care than previous models in our sociocultural environment. PURPOSE: To assess the resilience of caregivers of people with AD and the related factors grouped according to an established operational conceptual model of Alzheimer´s caregivers stress. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 120 primary informal caregivers of AD persons in Badajoz (Spain) were included in a cross-sectional design. The following variables have been measured on AD persons and caregivers: socio-demographic data, dependency level, cognitive decline, neuropsychiatric and behavioral symptoms, anxiety, depression, severity of somatic symptoms, level of burden, self-esteem, coping, social support, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and resilience. RESULTS: Most of the caregivers reported symptoms of anxiety (63.3%) and depression (62.5%). We found out higher levels of resilience in caregivers with lower dependence caring (p=0.004). Higher resilience levels of caregivers were related to minor depressive (p=0.006) and anxiety symptoms (p=0.000), and higher HRQOL (p=0.000). Coping dimension mostly used was problem-based strategies such as active coping, positive reinterpretation and acceptance (p= 0.000). CONCLUSION: Those caregivers reporting higher levels of resilience exhibited moderate to intense indicators of burden, fewer symptoms of depression and anxiety and fewer somatic symptoms. They also used adequate problem-focused coping strategies, showed higher levels of HRQOL and demonstrated an appropriate perception of social support. Despite the fact that the characteristics relating to the care context and to social support exert an undeniable influence on caregiver resilience, it would appear that the caregiver's own intra-psychic resources reveal stronger correlations. RELEVANCE FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE: The early and accurate identification of caregivers with lower levels of resilience could enable the implementation of vital psychological and educative support interventions to help caregivers to improve their well-being.

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Achieving the educational inclusion of students with special educational needs (SEN) is one of the significant challenges of the current Spanish educational system. This is a group of students with a high rate of bullying that leads to academic failure, as well as significant psychological and social consequences. Despite the fact that the behaviours and psychological characteristics of their peers seem to influence the degree of inclusion, there is no detail on this subject. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence, psychological flexibility, prosocial behaviour and inclusive behaviour. To carry out this study, a sample of 642 students between the ages of 12 and 19 years old participated and answered four questionnaires, one for each variable under study. The relationships established were extracted from different statistical analyses and a hypothesised predictive model. The results obtained revealed that emotional intelligence is positively related to psychological flexibility and prosocial behaviour and that these, in turn, are positively related to the development of inclusive behaviour. Therefore, the importance of considering the variables under study during the teaching-learning processes carried out in the classroom is highlighted.

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Los pacientes infectados por el nuevo coronavirus COVID-19 presentan un riesgo incrementado de enfermedad tromboembólica venosa (ETEV). La presente guía de práctica clínica del Capítulo Español de Flebología y Linfología y la Sociedad Española de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular pretende dar una serie de recomendaciones sobre profilaxis y tratamiento de la ETEV en los pacientes infectados por COVID-19, tanto a nivel hospitalario como ambulatorio, y consejos sobre su seguimiento clínico y ecográfico. Se recomienda que todos los pacientes con infección por COVID-19 hospitalizados, tengan o no factores de riesgo protrombótico asociados, reciban profilaxis antitrombótica, si no existe contraindicación. En caso de pacientes ambulatorios, según perfil clínico e historial médico, se recomienda valorar tromboprofilaxis con heparina de bajo peso molecular (HBPM), en ausencia de contraindicación. Ante el diagnóstico de TVP en paciente con COVID-19, tanto hospitalizado o ambulatorio, debe iniciarse el tratamiento anticoagulante con HBPM a dosis terapéuticas. No existen interacciones farmacológicas descritas de las HPBM con los fármacos empleados contra el COVID-19. Los niveles elevados de dímero-D son un hallazgo común en pacientes con COVID-19, por lo que este parámetro, de forma aislada, no es indicativo para realizar una ecografía Doppler de rutina. Se aconseja la realización de ecografía Doppler a un paciente COVID-19 positivo (con las medidas de protección necesarias) para descartar TVP solo en pacientes con alta sospecha clínica de TVP y cuando se dé una de las dos situaciones clínicas: alto riesgo de sangrado, o que exista un incremento brusco e inesperado de los niveles de dímero-D

Patients infected with the new coronavirus COVID-19 have an increased risk of venous thromboembolic disease (VTEV). The present clinical practice guide of the Spanish Chapter of Phlebology and Lymphology and the Spanish Society of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, aims to give a series of recommendations on prophylaxis and treatment of VTE in patients infected with COVID-19, both at the hospital and outpatient, and advice on their clinical and ultrasound monitoring. It is recommended that all hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection, whether or not they have associated prothrombotic risk factors, should receive antithrombotic prophylaxis, if there is no contraindication. In the case of outpatients, according to clinical profile and medical history, it is recommended to evaluate thromboprophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), in the absence of contraindication. Given the diagnosis of DVT in a patient with COVID19, both hospitalized and outpatient, anticoagulant treatment with LMWH should be started at therapeutic doses. There are no described pharmacological interactions of HPBMs with the drugs used against COVID19. High levels of D-dimer are a common finding in patients with COVID-19, so this parameter, in isolation, is not indicative for routine Doppler ultrasound. Doppler ultrasound is recommended for a COVID-19 positive patient (with the necessary protective measures), to rule out DVT, only in patients with high clinical suspicion of DVT, and when one of the two clinical situations occurs: high risk of bleeding, or a sudden and unexpected increase in D-dimer levels

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During their sporting lives, athletes must face multiple difficulties that can have consequences for their mental health and changes in their eating patterns. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze how social skills of the trainer influence the coping capacity, psychological well-being, and eating habits of the athlete, elements that are key to achieving success during competition. This study involved 1547 athletes and 127 trainer. In order to achieve the objective, the mean, standard deviation, bivariate correlations, reliability analysis and a structural equation model were analysed. The results showed that prosocial behaviours were positively related to resilience, while antisocial behaviours were negatively related. Resilience was negatively related to anxiety, stress and depression. Finally, anxiety, stress and depression were negatively related to healthy eating and positively related to unhealthy eating. These results highlight the importance of creating a positive social climate to develop coping strategies that promote mental health and healthy eating habits of athletes.

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