RESUMEN
AIM: To study the prevalence, risk factors, and vascular disease associated with moderate and severe hypertriglyceridemia in an active working population. DESIGN AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 594,701 workers from all Spanish geographical areas, occupation sectors, ages, and sexes who underwent a yearly routine checkup. Data collected from participants included age, sex, anthropometric measurements, vascular risk factors, lipidic profile and basic biochemical analysis, from a fasting blood sample. A cardiovascular risk assessment was performed. RESULTS: The study population included 428,334 males and 166,367 females, mean age 36+/-10 years. A total of 95,673 (16%) workers had mild hypertriglyceridemia (HTg) (Tg 150-399mg/dL), 7,081 (1.1%) had moderate HTg (400-999mg/dL), and 224 (0.03%) had severe HTg (>or=1000mg/dL). Of workers with hypertriglyceridemia, 90% were male. Age, obesity, type 1 and 2 diabetes, alcohol consumption, and vascular disease were associated with hypertriglyceridemia. Cardiovascular risk gradually increased for each HTg category. Amongst risk factors, the major independent predictor of mild-HTg was obesity (OR 2.42, CI 95% 2.37-2.48), whereas diabetes was a predictor of moderate HTg (OR 3.64, CI 95% 3.17-4.18) and severe HTg (OR 7.35, CI 95% 4.27-12.66). In multivariate analyses, HTg was gradually associated with vascular disease, even after adjusting for other risk factors. CONCLUSION: In this working population, preventive programs for HTg and associated vascular disease should consider obesity-diabetes control as its first objective.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/epidemiología , Empleo , Hipertrigliceridemia/epidemiología , Obesidad/epidemiología , Salud Laboral , Adulto , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Estudios Transversales , Complicaciones de la Diabetes/prevención & control , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertrigliceridemia/etiología , Hipertrigliceridemia/prevención & control , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/terapia , Prevalencia , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , España/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The routine medical check-up provides a good opportunity for screening workers early for cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the Spanish working population. METHODS: The study included 216 914 working people (mean age 36.4 years, range 16-74 years, 73.1% male) undergoing routine medical check-up, which involved a structured questionnaire, physical examination, and standard serum biochemical analysis. RESULTS: Cardiovascular disease had been diagnosed previously in 0.7% of workers, hypertension in 6.2%, diabetes in 1.2%, and dyslipidemia in 8.9%. Routine check-up showed that 49.3% (51.3% of males and 43.8% of females) were smokers, 22.1% (27.0% of males and 8.8% of females) had high blood pressure (< or =140/90 mm Hg), 15.5% (18.3% of males and 13.3% of females) were obese (body mass index > or =30), 6.2% (7.8% of males and 1.9% of females) were hyperglycemic (blood glucose >110 mg/dL), and 64.2% had dyslipidemia (total cholesterol > or =200 mg/dL, LDL cholesterol > or =160 mg/dL, triglycerides > or =200 mg/dL, or HDL cholesterol < 40 mg/dL in males or < 50 mg/dL in females). When compared with workers in the service sector and after adjustment for potential confounders, workers in manufacturing, and particularly those in construction, had higher prevalences of both high blood pressure and smoking. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the Spanish working population is high, particularly in males and in certain types of employment.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Profesionales/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , España/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Introducción y objetivos. Los reconocimientos de la salud de los trabajadores constituyen una oportunidad de detección precoz de factores de riesgo vascular. El presente estudio investiga la prevalencia de factores de riesgo vascular en la población laboral española. Métodos. Se incluyó a 216.914 trabajadores (edad media, 36,4 años; intervalo, 16-74 años; el 73,1% eran varones) en los que se realizó un reconocimiento en una mutua laboral, que incluyó un cuestionario estructurado, una exploración física y determinaciones bioquímicas. Resultados. Tenían diagnóstico previo de enfermedad cardiovascular el 0,7%, de hipertensión arterial el 6,2%, de diabetes el 1,2% y de dislipidemia el 8,9%. Durante el reconocimiento se detectó la presencia de tabaquismo en el 49,3% (el 51,3% varones y el 43,8% mujeres), presión arterial elevada (≥ 140/90 mmHg) en el 22,1% (el 27,0% varones y el 8,8% mujeres), obesidad (índice de masa corporal ≥ 30) en el 15,5% (el 18,3% varones y el 13,3% mujeres), hiperglucemia (> 110 mg/dl) en el 6,2% (el 7,8% varones y el 1,9% mujeres) y alguna forma de dislipidemia (colesterol total ≥ 200 mg/dl, cLDL ≥ 160 mg/dl, triglicéridos ≥ 200 mg/dl o cHDL < 40 mg/dl en varones o < 50 mg/dl en mujeres) en el 64,2%. Con respecto al sector «servicios», y tras ajustar por factores de confusión, los trabajadores del sector industria y sobre todo de la construcción mostraron una mayor prevalencia de elevación de la presión arterial y, especialmente, de tabaquismo. Conclusiones. Hay una alta prevalencia de factores de riesgo en la población laboral española, especialmente en varones y en determinados sectores de actividad (AU)
Introduction and objectives. The routine medical check-up provides a good opportunity for screening workers early for cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the Spanish working population. Methods. The study included 216 914 working people (mean age 36.4 years, range 16-74 years, 73.1% male) undergoing routine medical check-up, which involved a structured questionnaire, physical examination, and standard serum biochemical analysis. Results. Cardiovascular disease had been diagnosed previously in 0.7% of workers, hypertension in 6.2%, diabetes in 1.2%, and dyslipidemia in 8.9%. Routine check-up showed that 49.3% (51.3% of males and 43.8% of females) were smokers, 22.1% (27.0% of males and 8.8% of females) had high blood pressure (≥140/90 mm Hg), 15.5% (18.3% of males and 13.3% of females) were obese (body mass index ≥30), 6.2% (7.8% of males and 1.9% of females) were hyperglycemic (blood glucose >110 mg/dL), and 64.2% had dyslipidemia (total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL, LDL cholesterol ≥160 mg/dL, triglycerides ≥200 mg/dL, or HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dL in males or <50 mg/dL in females). When compared with workers in the service sector and after adjustment for potential confounders, workers in manufacturing, and particularly those in construction, had higher prevalences of both high blood pressure and smoking. Conclusions. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the Spanish working population is high, particularly in males and in certain types of employment (AU)